See grāwā in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*grọw",
"notext": "1"
},
"expansion": "*grọw\nMiddle Breton: grouanenn\nBreton: groa, gro, grouan\n→ English: growan\nOld Cornish: grou\nCornish: grow\nWelsh: gro",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Brythonic: *grọw\nMiddle Breton: grouanenn\nBreton: groa, gro, grouan\n→ English: growan\nOld Cornish: grou\nCornish: grow\nWelsh: gro"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-gau",
"2": "*grawa",
"3": "*growa"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish: *grawa, *growa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gaulish: *grawa, *growa"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "groe",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old French: groe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old French: groe"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "groe"
},
"expansion": "Middle French: groe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle French: groe"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ML.",
"2": "grava",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Medieval Latin: grava",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Medieval Latin: grava"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "greve",
"3": "grave"
},
"expansion": "Old French: greve, grave\nMiddle French: grave\nFrench: grave\n→ Norwegian Bokmål: grave\n⇒ Old French: gravele\nMiddle French: gravelle, gravele\n→ Middle English: grauel\nEnglish: gravel",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old French: greve, grave\nMiddle French: grave\nFrench: grave\n→ Norwegian Bokmål: grave\n⇒ Old French: gravele\nMiddle French: gravelle, gravele\n→ Middle English: grauel\nEnglish: gravel"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʰroh₁weh₂"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰroh₁weh₂",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*greutą",
"3": "",
"4": "grit"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *greutą (“grit”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "կորկոտ",
"3": "",
"4": "groats of wheat"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian կորկոտ (korkot, “groats of wheat”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "grū́das",
"3": "",
"4": "grain"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian grū́das (“grain”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "grauds",
"3": "",
"4": "grain"
},
"expansion": "Latvian grauds (“grain”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "гру́да",
"3": "",
"4": "heap"
},
"expansion": "Russian гру́да (grúda, “heap”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *gʰroh₁weh₂, from *gʰreh₁w- (“to grind”). Cognate with Proto-Germanic *greutą (“grit”), Old Armenian կորկոտ (korkot, “groats of wheat”), Lithuanian grū́das (“grain”), Latvian grauds (“grain”), Russian гру́да (grúda, “heap”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cel-decl-noun-a-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ā-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Feminine ā-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "grāwā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grāwai",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "grāwās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grāwā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "grāwai",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "grāwās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "grāwam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grāwai",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "grāwāms",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grāwās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grāwous",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "grāwom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grāwāi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grāwābom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "grāwābos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grāwai",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grāwābim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "grāwābis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "noun",
"cat2": "",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "*grāwā f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grāw"
},
"name": "cel-decl-noun-a-f"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/grāwā",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Celtic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"gravel, pebbles"
],
"id": "en-grāwā-cel-pro-noun-HJttspMw",
"links": [
[
"gravel",
"gravel#English"
],
[
"pebbles",
"pebbles#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"word": "grāwā"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*grọw",
"notext": "1"
},
"expansion": "*grọw\nMiddle Breton: grouanenn\nBreton: groa, gro, grouan\n→ English: growan\nOld Cornish: grou\nCornish: grow\nWelsh: gro",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Brythonic: *grọw\nMiddle Breton: grouanenn\nBreton: groa, gro, grouan\n→ English: growan\nOld Cornish: grou\nCornish: grow\nWelsh: gro"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-gau",
"2": "*grawa",
"3": "*growa"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish: *grawa, *growa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gaulish: *grawa, *growa"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "groe",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old French: groe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old French: groe"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "groe"
},
"expansion": "Middle French: groe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle French: groe"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ML.",
"2": "grava",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Medieval Latin: grava",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Medieval Latin: grava"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "greve",
"3": "grave"
},
"expansion": "Old French: greve, grave\nMiddle French: grave\nFrench: grave\n→ Norwegian Bokmål: grave\n⇒ Old French: gravele\nMiddle French: gravelle, gravele\n→ Middle English: grauel\nEnglish: gravel",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old French: greve, grave\nMiddle French: grave\nFrench: grave\n→ Norwegian Bokmål: grave\n⇒ Old French: gravele\nMiddle French: gravelle, gravele\n→ Middle English: grauel\nEnglish: gravel"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʰroh₁weh₂"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰroh₁weh₂",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*greutą",
"3": "",
"4": "grit"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *greutą (“grit”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "կորկոտ",
"3": "",
"4": "groats of wheat"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian կորկոտ (korkot, “groats of wheat”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "grū́das",
"3": "",
"4": "grain"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian grū́das (“grain”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "grauds",
"3": "",
"4": "grain"
},
"expansion": "Latvian grauds (“grain”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "гру́да",
"3": "",
"4": "heap"
},
"expansion": "Russian гру́да (grúda, “heap”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *gʰroh₁weh₂, from *gʰreh₁w- (“to grind”). Cognate with Proto-Germanic *greutą (“grit”), Old Armenian կորկոտ (korkot, “groats of wheat”), Lithuanian grū́das (“grain”), Latvian grauds (“grain”), Russian гру́да (grúda, “heap”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cel-decl-noun-a-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ā-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Feminine ā-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "grāwā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grāwai",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "grāwās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grāwā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "grāwai",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "grāwās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "grāwam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grāwai",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "grāwāms",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grāwās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grāwous",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "grāwom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grāwāi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grāwābom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "grāwābos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grāwai",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grāwābim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "grāwābis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "noun",
"cat2": "",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "*grāwā f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grāw"
},
"name": "cel-decl-noun-a-f"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/grāwā",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Proto-Celtic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Celtic feminine nouns",
"Proto-Celtic lemmas",
"Proto-Celtic nouns",
"Proto-Celtic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Celtic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Celtic ā-stem nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"gravel, pebbles"
],
"links": [
[
"gravel",
"gravel#English"
],
[
"pebbles",
"pebbles#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"word": "grāwā"
}
Download raw JSONL data for grāwā meaning in Proto-Celtic (5.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Celtic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-09-22 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-09-20 using wiktextract (af5c55c and 66545a6). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.