See garwos in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*garw"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic: *garw",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Brythonic: *garw"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xbm",
"2": "garu"
},
"expansion": "Middle Breton: garu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Breton: garu"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "garw"
},
"expansion": "Breton: garw",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Breton: garw"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "garow"
},
"expansion": "Cornish: garow",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cornish: garow"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "garw"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh: garw",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Welsh: garw"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "garw"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: garw",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: garw"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "garb"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: garb",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: garb"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "garbh"
},
"expansion": "Irish: garbh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Irish: garbh"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "garbh"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic: garbh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scottish Gaelic: garbh"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gv",
"2": "garroo"
},
"expansion": "Manx: garroo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manx: garroo"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵʰers-",
"t": "to bristle"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰers- (“to bristle”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"title": "expressive"
},
"expansion": "expressive",
"name": "onomatopoeic"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*ǵ-ʰr-wo-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵ-ʰr-wo-",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "According to Pokorny, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰers- (“to bristle”), but Matasović dismisses this as \"improbable,\" instead calling it an \"expressive\" development of Proto-Indo-European *ǵ-ʰr-wo- related to *gargos (“rough, fierce”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cel-decl-adj-o+a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "O/ā-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "garwos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "garwou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "garwoi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "garwe",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "garwou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "garwoi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "garwom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "garwou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "garwoms",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "garwī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "garwous",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "garwom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "garwūi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "garwobom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "garwobos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "garwū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "garwobim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "garwobis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "garwā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "garwai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "garwās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "garwā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "garwai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "garwās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "garwam",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "garwai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "garwams",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "garwās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "garwai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "garwābom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "garwābos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "garwābim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "garwābis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "garwom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "garwā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "garwom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "garwā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "garwā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"cat2": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "*garwos",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "garw"
},
"name": "cel-decl-adj-o+a"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/garwos",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Celtic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Celtic onomatopoeias",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "adgarwos"
}
],
"glosses": [
"coarse, rough"
],
"id": "en-garwos-cel-pro-adj-dvL82KAP",
"links": [
[
"coarse",
"coarse"
],
[
"rough",
"rough"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"word": "garwos"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "adgarwos"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*garw"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic: *garw",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Brythonic: *garw"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xbm",
"2": "garu"
},
"expansion": "Middle Breton: garu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Breton: garu"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "garw"
},
"expansion": "Breton: garw",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Breton: garw"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "garow"
},
"expansion": "Cornish: garow",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cornish: garow"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "garw"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh: garw",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Welsh: garw"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "garw"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: garw",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: garw"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "garb"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: garb",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: garb"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "garbh"
},
"expansion": "Irish: garbh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Irish: garbh"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "garbh"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic: garbh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scottish Gaelic: garbh"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gv",
"2": "garroo"
},
"expansion": "Manx: garroo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manx: garroo"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵʰers-",
"t": "to bristle"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰers- (“to bristle”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"title": "expressive"
},
"expansion": "expressive",
"name": "onomatopoeic"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*ǵ-ʰr-wo-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵ-ʰr-wo-",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "According to Pokorny, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰers- (“to bristle”), but Matasović dismisses this as \"improbable,\" instead calling it an \"expressive\" development of Proto-Indo-European *ǵ-ʰr-wo- related to *gargos (“rough, fierce”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cel-decl-adj-o+a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "O/ā-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "garwos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "garwou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "garwoi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "garwe",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "garwou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "garwoi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "garwom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "garwou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "garwoms",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "garwī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "garwous",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "garwom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "garwūi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "garwobom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "garwobos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "garwū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "garwobim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "garwobis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "garwā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "garwai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "garwās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "garwā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "garwai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "garwās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "garwam",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "garwai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "garwams",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "garwās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "garwai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "garwābom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "garwābos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "garwābim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "garwābis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "garwom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "garwā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "garwom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "garwā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "garwā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"cat2": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "*garwos",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "garw"
},
"name": "cel-decl-adj-o+a"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/garwos",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Celtic adjectives",
"Proto-Celtic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Celtic lemmas",
"Proto-Celtic o/ā-stem adjectives",
"Proto-Celtic onomatopoeias",
"Proto-Celtic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"glosses": [
"coarse, rough"
],
"links": [
[
"coarse",
"coarse"
],
[
"rough",
"rough"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"word": "garwos"
}
Download raw JSONL data for garwos meaning in Proto-Celtic (6.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Celtic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.