See drūtos in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for drūtos meaning in Proto-Celtic (5.9kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-gau",
"2": "Trutiknos"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish: Trutiknos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gaulish: Trutiknos"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "*drudos"
},
"expansion": "Latin: *drudos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Gallo-Latin: *drudos"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "drúth"
},
"expansion": "Middle Irish: drúth",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Irish: drúth"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "drut"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh: drut",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Welsh: drut"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "drud"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: drud",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: drud"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*dóru",
"t": "tree; firm"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dóru (“tree; firm”)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*dūnom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *dūnom",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "din"
},
"expansion": "Welsh din",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown; the traditional derivation from Proto-Indo-European *dóru (“tree; firm”) is doubtful. The u of the Welsh word is unexpected, as Proto-Celtic *ū becomes *i in Proto-Brythonic and i in Welsh (compare Proto-Celtic *dūnom > Welsh din). It is possible the Welsh word was influenced by Gaulish or Goidelic, or is a loanword from one of them.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cel-decl-adj-o+a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "O/ā-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtoi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drūte",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtoi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtoms",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtous",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtūi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtobom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtobos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtobim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtobis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtam",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtams",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtābom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtābos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtābim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtābis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"cat2": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "*drūtos",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "drūt"
},
"name": "cel-decl-adj-o+a"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/drūtos",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"foolish, lewd"
],
"id": "en-drūtos-cel-pro-adj-PP71gPtG",
"links": [
[
"foolish",
"foolish"
],
[
"lewd",
"lewd"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 83 8 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Celtic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"costly"
],
"id": "en-drūtos-cel-pro-adj-kCW1CIdF",
"links": [
[
"costly",
"costly"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"daring, wanton"
],
"id": "en-drūtos-cel-pro-adj-s3DaqO~v",
"links": [
[
"daring",
"daring"
],
[
"wanton",
"wanton"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"furious, grievous"
],
"id": "en-drūtos-cel-pro-adj-jCN8Y4MB",
"links": [
[
"furious",
"furious"
],
[
"grievous",
"grievous"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "drūtos"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Celtic adjectives",
"Proto-Celtic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Celtic lemmas",
"Proto-Celtic o/ā-stem adjectives",
"Proto-Celtic terms with unknown etymologies"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-gau",
"2": "Trutiknos"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish: Trutiknos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gaulish: Trutiknos"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "*drudos"
},
"expansion": "Latin: *drudos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Gallo-Latin: *drudos"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "drúth"
},
"expansion": "Middle Irish: drúth",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Irish: drúth"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "drut"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh: drut",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Welsh: drut"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "drud"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: drud",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: drud"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*dóru",
"t": "tree; firm"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dóru (“tree; firm”)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*dūnom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *dūnom",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "din"
},
"expansion": "Welsh din",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown; the traditional derivation from Proto-Indo-European *dóru (“tree; firm”) is doubtful. The u of the Welsh word is unexpected, as Proto-Celtic *ū becomes *i in Proto-Brythonic and i in Welsh (compare Proto-Celtic *dūnom > Welsh din). It is possible the Welsh word was influenced by Gaulish or Goidelic, or is a loanword from one of them.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cel-decl-adj-o+a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "O/ā-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtoi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drūte",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtoi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtoms",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtous",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtūi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtobom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtobos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtobim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtobis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtam",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtams",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtābom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtābos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtābim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtābis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"cat2": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "*drūtos",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "drūt"
},
"name": "cel-decl-adj-o+a"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/drūtos",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"foolish, lewd"
],
"links": [
[
"foolish",
"foolish"
],
[
"lewd",
"lewd"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"costly"
],
"links": [
[
"costly",
"costly"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"daring, wanton"
],
"links": [
[
"daring",
"daring"
],
[
"wanton",
"wanton"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"furious, grievous"
],
"links": [
[
"furious",
"furious"
],
[
"grievous",
"grievous"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "drūtos"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Celtic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.