See drūtos on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-gau",
"2": "Trutiknos"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish: Trutiknos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gaulish: Trutiknos"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "*drudos"
},
"expansion": "Latin: *drudos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Gallo-Latin: *drudos"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "drúth"
},
"expansion": "Middle Irish: drúth",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Irish: drúth"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "drut"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh: drut",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Welsh: drut"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "drud"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: drud",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: drud"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*dóru",
"t": "tree; firm"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dóru (“tree; firm”)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*dūnom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *dūnom",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "din"
},
"expansion": "Welsh din",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown; the traditional derivation from Proto-Indo-European *dóru (“tree; firm”) is doubtful. The u of the Welsh word is unexpected, as Proto-Celtic *ū becomes *i in Proto-Brythonic and i in Welsh (compare Proto-Celtic *dūnom > Welsh din). It is possible the Welsh word was influenced by Gaulish or Goidelic, or is a loanword from one of them; foreign /uː/ is usually rendered as u when loaned into Welsh.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cel-decl-adj-o+a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "O/ā-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtoi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drūte",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtoi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtons",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtous",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtūi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtobom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtobos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtobim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtobis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtam",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtans",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtābom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtābos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtābim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtābis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"cat2": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "*drūtos",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "drūt"
},
"name": "cel-decl-adj-o+a"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/drūtos",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "47 0 53 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 0 51 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 3 48 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Celtic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"foolish, lewd"
],
"id": "en-drūtos-cel-pro-adj-PP71gPtG",
"links": [
[
"foolish",
"foolish"
],
[
"lewd",
"lewd"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"costly"
],
"id": "en-drūtos-cel-pro-adj-kCW1CIdF",
"links": [
[
"costly",
"costly"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "47 0 53 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 0 51 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 3 48 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Celtic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"daring, wanton"
],
"id": "en-drūtos-cel-pro-adj-s3DaqO~v",
"links": [
[
"daring",
"daring"
],
[
"wanton",
"wanton"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"furious, grievous"
],
"id": "en-drūtos-cel-pro-adj-jCN8Y4MB",
"links": [
[
"furious",
"furious"
],
[
"grievous",
"grievous"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "drūtos"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Celtic adjectives",
"Proto-Celtic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Celtic lemmas",
"Proto-Celtic o/ā-stem adjectives",
"Proto-Celtic terms with unknown etymologies"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-gau",
"2": "Trutiknos"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish: Trutiknos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gaulish: Trutiknos"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "*drudos"
},
"expansion": "Latin: *drudos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Gallo-Latin: *drudos"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "drúth"
},
"expansion": "Middle Irish: drúth",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Irish: drúth"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "drut"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh: drut",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Welsh: drut"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "drud"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: drud",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: drud"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*dóru",
"t": "tree; firm"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dóru (“tree; firm”)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*dūnom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *dūnom",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "din"
},
"expansion": "Welsh din",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown; the traditional derivation from Proto-Indo-European *dóru (“tree; firm”) is doubtful. The u of the Welsh word is unexpected, as Proto-Celtic *ū becomes *i in Proto-Brythonic and i in Welsh (compare Proto-Celtic *dūnom > Welsh din). It is possible the Welsh word was influenced by Gaulish or Goidelic, or is a loanword from one of them; foreign /uː/ is usually rendered as u when loaned into Welsh.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cel-decl-adj-o+a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "O/ā-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtoi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drūte",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtoi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtons",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtous",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtūi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtobom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtobos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtobim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtobis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtam",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtans",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtābom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtābos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtābim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtābis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "drūtā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"cat2": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "*drūtos",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "drūt"
},
"name": "cel-decl-adj-o+a"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/drūtos",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"foolish, lewd"
],
"links": [
[
"foolish",
"foolish"
],
[
"lewd",
"lewd"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"costly"
],
"links": [
[
"costly",
"costly"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"daring, wanton"
],
"links": [
[
"daring",
"daring"
],
[
"wanton",
"wanton"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"furious, grievous"
],
"links": [
[
"furious",
"furious"
],
[
"grievous",
"grievous"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "drūtos"
}
Download raw JSONL data for drūtos meaning in All languages combined (5.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-08 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (f90d964 and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.