See -sman in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "der",
"3": "ine-pro>*-mn̥>nouns",
"id": "action nouns"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-mn̥"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-mn̥",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *-mn̥, extended with -s-. Plain *-man also existed but was less common in Celtic. The s-variant also turns up in Italic and in several ancient Hellenic dialects, in addition to occasional appearances in Balto-Slavic.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cel-decl-noun-n-n",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "n-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Neuter n-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-sman",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-smane?",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-smana",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sman",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-smane?",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-smana",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-sman",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-smane?",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-smana",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-smens",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-smenous?",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-smenom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-smenei",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-smembom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-smembos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-smen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-smeni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-smenei",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-smembim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "-smembis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "n"
},
"expansion": "*-sman n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-sm"
},
"name": "cel-decl-noun-n-n"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/-sman",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Celtic entries referencing etymons with invalid IDs",
"parents": [
"Entries referencing etymons with invalid IDs",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Celtic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "keng- (“to step”) + *-sman → *kanxsman (“step”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "leng- (“to leap”) + *-sman → *lanxsman (“leap”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "brag- (“to fart”) + *-sman → *braxsman (“fart”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms action nouns from verbal roots."
],
"id": "en--sman-cel-pro-suffix-q1p~HBhB",
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-sman"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "der",
"3": "ine-pro>*-mn̥>nouns",
"id": "action nouns"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-mn̥"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-mn̥",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *-mn̥, extended with -s-. Plain *-man also existed but was less common in Celtic. The s-variant also turns up in Italic and in several ancient Hellenic dialects, in addition to occasional appearances in Balto-Slavic.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cel-decl-noun-n-n",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "n-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Neuter n-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-sman",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-smane?",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-smana",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sman",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-smane?",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-smana",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-sman",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-smane?",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-smana",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-smens",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-smenous?",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-smenom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-smenei",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-smembom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-smembos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-smen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-smeni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-smenei",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-smembim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "-smembis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "n"
},
"expansion": "*-sman n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-sm"
},
"name": "cel-decl-noun-n-n"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/-sman",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Celtic entries referencing etymons with invalid IDs",
"Proto-Celtic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Celtic lemmas",
"Proto-Celtic n-stem nouns",
"Proto-Celtic neuter suffixes",
"Proto-Celtic suffixes",
"Proto-Celtic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Celtic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "keng- (“to step”) + *-sman → *kanxsman (“step”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "leng- (“to leap”) + *-sman → *lanxsman (“leap”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "brag- (“to fart”) + *-sman → *braxsman (“fart”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms action nouns from verbal roots."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-sman"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -sman meaning in Proto-Celtic (3.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Celtic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-31 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (bcd5c38 and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.