-atis in Proto-Celtic

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Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *-tis (abstract suffix), with the -a- being extracted from laryngeal-final roots. That abstract suffix doubling as an agent suffix is not unheard of in Indo-European. Etymology templates: {{der|cel-pro|ine-pro|*-tis|pos=abstract suffix}} Proto-Indo-European *-tis (abstract suffix) Head templates: {{head|cel-pro|suffix|g=m}} *-atis m Inflection templates: {{cel-decl-noun-i-mf|-at}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], -atis [nominative, singular], -atī [dual, nominative], -atīs [nominative, plural], -ati [singular, vocative], -atī [dual, vocative], -atīs [plural, vocative], -atim [accusative, singular], -atī [accusative, dual], -atims [accusative, plural], -ateis [genitive, singular], -atyow [dual, genitive], -atyom [genitive, plural], -atei [dative, singular], -atibom [dative, dual], -atibos [dative, plural], -atei [locative, singular], - [dual, locative], - [locative, plural], -atī [instrumental, singular], -atibim [dual, instrumental], -atibis [instrumental, plural]

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{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cel-gau",
            "2": "-atis"
          },
          "expansion": "Gaulish: -atis",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Gaulish: -atis"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*-tis",
        "pos": "abstract suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-tis (abstract suffix)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *-tis (abstract suffix), with the -a- being extracted from laryngeal-final roots. That abstract suffix doubling as an agent suffix is not unheard of in Indo-European.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cel-decl-noun-i-mf",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "i-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Masculine/feminine i-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atis",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atīs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ati",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atīs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atim",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atims",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ateis",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atyow",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atyom",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atei",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atibom",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atibos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atei",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atibim",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atibis",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "suffix",
        "g": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "*-atis m",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-at"
      },
      "name": "cel-decl-noun-i-mf"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Celtic",
  "lang_code": "cel-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/-atis",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Celtic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "sense": "Proto-Brythonic: *-jad; Old Breton",
          "word": "-iat"
        },
        {
          "sense": "Middle Welsh: -iat; Welsh",
          "word": "-iad"
        },
        {
          "sense": "*-yatis (extended Insular variant)",
          "word": "Old Irish: -id"
        },
        {
          "english": "broad variant",
          "sense": "*-yatis (extended Insular variant)",
          "word": "-aid"
        },
        {
          "sense": "*-yatis (extended Insular variant)",
          "word": "-ithIrish: -aí"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "suffix forming agent nouns"
      ],
      "id": "en--atis-cel-pro-suffix-OFvUeNB~",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "morpheme",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-atis"
}

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{
  "derived": [
    {
      "sense": "Proto-Brythonic: *-jad; Old Breton",
      "word": "-iat"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Middle Welsh: -iat; Welsh",
      "word": "-iad"
    },
    {
      "sense": "*-yatis (extended Insular variant)",
      "word": "Old Irish: -id"
    },
    {
      "english": "broad variant",
      "sense": "*-yatis (extended Insular variant)",
      "word": "-aid"
    },
    {
      "sense": "*-yatis (extended Insular variant)",
      "word": "-ithIrish: -aí"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cel-gau",
            "2": "-atis"
          },
          "expansion": "Gaulish: -atis",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Gaulish: -atis"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*-tis",
        "pos": "abstract suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-tis (abstract suffix)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *-tis (abstract suffix), with the -a- being extracted from laryngeal-final roots. That abstract suffix doubling as an agent suffix is not unheard of in Indo-European.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cel-decl-noun-i-mf",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "i-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Masculine/feminine i-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atis",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atīs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ati",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atīs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atim",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atims",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ateis",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atyow",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atyom",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atei",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atibom",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atibos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atei",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atibim",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atibis",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "suffix",
        "g": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "*-atis m",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-at"
      },
      "name": "cel-decl-noun-i-mf"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Celtic",
  "lang_code": "cel-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/-atis",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Proto-Celtic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Celtic i-stem nouns",
        "Proto-Celtic lemmas",
        "Proto-Celtic masculine suffixes",
        "Proto-Celtic suffixes",
        "Proto-Celtic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "suffix forming agent nouns"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "morpheme",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-atis"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Celtic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (ee63ee9 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.

"-atis" meaning in Proto-Celtic

Suffix