See roca in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*rukkô"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rukkô",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "got",
"3": "*𐍂𐌿𐌺𐌺𐌰"
},
"expansion": "Gothic *𐍂𐌿𐌺𐌺𐌰 (*rukka)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "rota",
"3": "",
"4": "wheel"
},
"expansion": "Latin rota (“wheel”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "roca"
},
"expansion": "Galician roca",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "rueca"
},
"expansion": "Spanish rueca",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "rocca"
},
"expansion": "Italian rocca",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "rocko"
},
"expansion": "Old High German rocko",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Rocken"
},
"expansion": "German Rocken",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Ultimately from Proto-Germanic *rukkô, although the intermediate language is uncertain. Possibly Gothic *𐍂𐌿𐌺𐌺𐌰 (*rukka), however, the vowel quality in Iberian Romance (/ɔ/ in Portuguese, /we/ in Spanish) points to a possible West Germanic loanword, or to the influence of Latin rota (“wheel”). Cognate to Galician roca, Spanish rueca, Italian rocca, Old High German rocko (German Rocken).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rocas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rocca",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "roca f (plural rocas)",
"name": "pt-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pt",
"name": "Spinning",
"orig": "pt:Spinning",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"distaff (part of a spinning wheel from which fibre is drawn to be spun)"
],
"id": "en-roca-pt-noun-SUcs2Zk3",
"links": [
[
"spinning",
"spinning"
],
[
"distaff",
"distaff"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(spinning) distaff (part of a spinning wheel from which fibre is drawn to be spun)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"spinning",
"sports"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈʁɔ.kɐ/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈhɔ.kɐ]",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈʁɔ.kɐ/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈhɔ.kɐ]",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈʁɔ.kɐ/",
"tags": [
"Rio-de-Janeiro"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈχɔ.kɐ]",
"tags": [
"Rio-de-Janeiro"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈʁɔ.kɐ/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
}
],
"word": "roca"
}
{
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "roa-opt",
"3": "roca"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese roca",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "roa-oca",
"3": "roca"
},
"expansion": "Old Catalan roca",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "la-eme",
"3": "rocca"
},
"expansion": "Early Medieval Latin rocca",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "rocha"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of rocha",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Galician-Portuguese roca, from Old Catalan roca, from Early Medieval Latin rocca, of uncertain origin. Doublet of rocha.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rocas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "roca f (plural rocas)",
"name": "pt-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "rocha"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"seacliff (cliff by the sea)"
],
"id": "en-roca-pt-noun-CK89-wEU",
"links": [
[
"seacliff",
"seacliff"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a stony cliff"
],
"id": "en-roca-pt-noun-bjXq~dgo",
"links": [
[
"stony",
"stony"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "rochedo"
},
{
"word": "penhasco"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"a large rock; a boulder"
],
"id": "en-roca-pt-noun-JjDxqpdr",
"links": [
[
"rock",
"rock"
],
[
"boulder",
"boulder"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) a large rock; a boulder"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "rocha"
},
{
"word": "penedo"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈʁɔ.kɐ/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈhɔ.kɐ]",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈʁɔ.kɐ/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈhɔ.kɐ]",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈʁɔ.kɐ/",
"tags": [
"Rio-de-Janeiro"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈχɔ.kɐ]",
"tags": [
"Rio-de-Janeiro"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈʁɔ.kɐ/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
}
],
"word": "roca"
}
{
"etymology_number": "3",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "roca",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "20 3 5 20 13 12 2 4 0 1 13 2 0 4 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 7 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 4 8 15 11 10 3 6 0 1 17 1 0 7 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 17 3 6 49 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 26 9 2 51 4",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pt",
"name": "Landforms",
"orig": "pt:Landforms",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rocar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of rocar:",
"third-person singular present indicative"
],
"id": "en-roca-pt-verb--4gMjqqR",
"links": [
[
"rocar",
"rocar#Portuguese"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rocar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of rocar:",
"second-person singular imperative"
],
"id": "en-roca-pt-verb-WfWKofHE",
"links": [
[
"rocar",
"rocar#Portuguese"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈʁɔ.kɐ/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈhɔ.kɐ]",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈʁɔ.kɐ/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈhɔ.kɐ]",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈʁɔ.kɐ/",
"tags": [
"Rio-de-Janeiro"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈχɔ.kɐ]",
"tags": [
"Rio-de-Janeiro"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈʁɔ.kɐ/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
}
],
"word": "roca"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"Portuguese 2-syllable words",
"Portuguese countable nouns",
"Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"Portuguese feminine nouns",
"Portuguese lemmas",
"Portuguese non-lemma forms",
"Portuguese nouns",
"Portuguese terms derived from Gothic",
"Portuguese terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Portuguese verb forms",
"pt:Landforms"
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*rukkô"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rukkô",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "got",
"3": "*𐍂𐌿𐌺𐌺𐌰"
},
"expansion": "Gothic *𐍂𐌿𐌺𐌺𐌰 (*rukka)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "rota",
"3": "",
"4": "wheel"
},
"expansion": "Latin rota (“wheel”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "roca"
},
"expansion": "Galician roca",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "rueca"
},
"expansion": "Spanish rueca",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "rocca"
},
"expansion": "Italian rocca",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "rocko"
},
"expansion": "Old High German rocko",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Rocken"
},
"expansion": "German Rocken",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Ultimately from Proto-Germanic *rukkô, although the intermediate language is uncertain. Possibly Gothic *𐍂𐌿𐌺𐌺𐌰 (*rukka), however, the vowel quality in Iberian Romance (/ɔ/ in Portuguese, /we/ in Spanish) points to a possible West Germanic loanword, or to the influence of Latin rota (“wheel”). Cognate to Galician roca, Spanish rueca, Italian rocca, Old High German rocko (German Rocken).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rocas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rocca",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "roca f (plural rocas)",
"name": "pt-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"pt:Spinning"
],
"glosses": [
"distaff (part of a spinning wheel from which fibre is drawn to be spun)"
],
"links": [
[
"spinning",
"spinning"
],
[
"distaff",
"distaff"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(spinning) distaff (part of a spinning wheel from which fibre is drawn to be spun)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"spinning",
"sports"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈʁɔ.kɐ/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈhɔ.kɐ]",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈʁɔ.kɐ/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈhɔ.kɐ]",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈʁɔ.kɐ/",
"tags": [
"Rio-de-Janeiro"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈχɔ.kɐ]",
"tags": [
"Rio-de-Janeiro"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈʁɔ.kɐ/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
}
],
"word": "roca"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"Portuguese 2-syllable words",
"Portuguese countable nouns",
"Portuguese doublets",
"Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"Portuguese feminine nouns",
"Portuguese lemmas",
"Portuguese non-lemma forms",
"Portuguese nouns",
"Portuguese terms derived from Early Medieval Latin",
"Portuguese terms derived from Old Catalan",
"Portuguese terms derived from Old Galician-Portuguese",
"Portuguese terms inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese",
"Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Portuguese verb forms",
"pt:Landforms"
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "roa-opt",
"3": "roca"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese roca",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "roa-oca",
"3": "roca"
},
"expansion": "Old Catalan roca",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "la-eme",
"3": "rocca"
},
"expansion": "Early Medieval Latin rocca",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "rocha"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of rocha",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Galician-Portuguese roca, from Old Catalan roca, from Early Medieval Latin rocca, of uncertain origin. Doublet of rocha.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rocas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "roca f (plural rocas)",
"name": "pt-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "rocha"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"seacliff (cliff by the sea)"
],
"links": [
[
"seacliff",
"seacliff"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a stony cliff"
],
"links": [
[
"stony",
"stony"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "rochedo"
},
{
"word": "penhasco"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Portuguese terms with archaic senses"
],
"glosses": [
"a large rock; a boulder"
],
"links": [
[
"rock",
"rock"
],
[
"boulder",
"boulder"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) a large rock; a boulder"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "rocha"
},
{
"word": "penedo"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈʁɔ.kɐ/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈhɔ.kɐ]",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈʁɔ.kɐ/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈhɔ.kɐ]",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈʁɔ.kɐ/",
"tags": [
"Rio-de-Janeiro"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈχɔ.kɐ]",
"tags": [
"Rio-de-Janeiro"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈʁɔ.kɐ/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
}
],
"word": "roca"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"Portuguese 2-syllable words",
"Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"Portuguese non-lemma forms",
"Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Portuguese verb forms",
"pt:Landforms"
],
"etymology_number": "3",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "roca",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rocar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of rocar:",
"third-person singular present indicative"
],
"links": [
[
"rocar",
"rocar#Portuguese"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rocar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of rocar:",
"second-person singular imperative"
],
"links": [
[
"rocar",
"rocar#Portuguese"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈʁɔ.kɐ/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈhɔ.kɐ]",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈʁɔ.kɐ/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈhɔ.kɐ]",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈʁɔ.kɐ/",
"tags": [
"Rio-de-Janeiro"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈχɔ.kɐ]",
"tags": [
"Rio-de-Janeiro"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈʁɔ.kɐ/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
}
],
"word": "roca"
}
Download raw JSONL data for roca meaning in Portuguese (6.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Portuguese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (d6fca27 and 65e1673). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.