"ćma" meaning in Polish

See ćma in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /t͡ɕma/
Rhymes: -a Etymology: See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form. Etymology templates: {{nonlemma}} See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form. Head templates: {{head|pl|adjective form}} ćma
  1. feminine nominative/vocative singular of ćmy Tags: feminine, form-of, nominative, singular, vocative Form of: ćmy
    Sense id: en-ćma-pl-adj-Ax57GC6x
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Noun

IPA: /t͡ɕma/
Rhymes: -a Etymology: Inherited from Proto-Slavic *tьma, related to Czech tma and Russian тьма (tʹma). Etymology templates: {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|pl|sla-pro|*tьma|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Proto-Slavic *tьma, {{inh+|pl|sla-pro|*tьma}} Inherited from Proto-Slavic *tьma, {{cog|cs|tma}} Czech tma, {{cog|ru|тьма}} Russian тьма (tʹma) Head templates: {{pl-noun|f}} ćma f Inflection templates: {{pl-decl-noun-f|genp=ciem}} Forms: ćma [nominative, singular], ćmy [nominative, plural], ćmy [genitive, singular], ciem [genitive, plural], ćmie [dative, singular], ćmom [dative, plural], ćmę [accusative, singular], ćmy [accusative, plural], ćmą [instrumental, singular], ćmami [instrumental, plural], ćmie [locative, singular], ćmach [locative, plural], ćmo [singular, vocative], ćmy [plural, vocative]
  1. moth Tags: feminine
    Sense id: en-ćma-pl-noun-GcPW5PXI
  2. (archaic) darkness Tags: archaic, feminine
    Sense id: en-ćma-pl-noun-FCcr02HJ
  3. (literary) swarm, crowd Tags: feminine, literary
    Sense id: en-ćma-pl-noun-kH1eZl3r
  4. (criminal slang) prostitute Tags: feminine, slang Categories (topical): Crime
    Sense id: en-ćma-pl-noun-um-wGpPt
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: ćma barowa Related terms: ciemność, ciemny, ciemń, gąsienica [feminine], motyl [masculine]
Etymology number: 1

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for ćma meaning in Polish (4.2kB)

{
  "categories": [],
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "ćma barowa"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*tьma",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *tьma",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*tьma"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *tьma",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cs",
        "2": "tma"
      },
      "expansion": "Czech tma",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "тьма"
      },
      "expansion": "Russian тьма (tʹma)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *tьma, related to Czech tma and Russian тьма (tʹma).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pl-decl-noun-f",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćma",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćmy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćmy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćmie",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćmom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćmę",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćmy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćmą",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćmami",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćmie",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćmach",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćmo",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćmy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f"
      },
      "expansion": "ćma f",
      "name": "pl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "ćma"
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "genp": "ciem"
      },
      "name": "pl-decl-noun-f"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "ciemność"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "ciemny"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "ciemń"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "gąsienica"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "motyl"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "moth"
      ],
      "id": "en-ćma-pl-noun-GcPW5PXI",
      "links": [
        [
          "moth",
          "moth"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "darkness"
      ],
      "id": "en-ćma-pl-noun-FCcr02HJ",
      "links": [
        [
          "darkness",
          "darkness"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(archaic) darkness"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "swarm, crowd"
      ],
      "id": "en-ćma-pl-noun-kH1eZl3r",
      "links": [
        [
          "swarm",
          "swarm"
        ],
        [
          "crowd",
          "crowd"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(literary) swarm, crowd"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "pl",
          "name": "Crime",
          "orig": "pl:Crime",
          "parents": [
            "Criminal law",
            "Society",
            "Law",
            "All topics",
            "Justice",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "prostitute"
      ],
      "id": "en-ćma-pl-noun-um-wGpPt",
      "links": [
        [
          "criminal",
          "criminal"
        ],
        [
          "slang",
          "slang"
        ],
        [
          "prostitute",
          "prostitute"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(criminal slang) prostitute"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "slang"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ɕma/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-a"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ćma"
}

{
  "categories": [],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
      "name": "nonlemma"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "adjective form"
      },
      "expansion": "ćma",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "ćma"
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "ćmy"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "feminine nominative/vocative singular of ćmy"
      ],
      "id": "en-ćma-pl-adj-Ax57GC6x",
      "links": [
        [
          "ćmy",
          "ćmy#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "form-of",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ɕma/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-a"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ćma"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Polish 1-syllable words",
    "Polish adjective forms",
    "Polish feminine nouns",
    "Polish lemmas",
    "Polish non-lemma forms",
    "Polish nouns",
    "Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Polish terms with audio links",
    "Rhymes:Polish/a",
    "Rhymes:Polish/a/1 syllable"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "ćma barowa"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*tьma",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *tьma",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*tьma"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *tьma",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cs",
        "2": "tma"
      },
      "expansion": "Czech tma",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "тьма"
      },
      "expansion": "Russian тьма (tʹma)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *tьma, related to Czech tma and Russian тьма (tʹma).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pl-decl-noun-f",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćma",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćmy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćmy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćmie",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćmom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćmę",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćmy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćmą",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćmami",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćmie",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćmach",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćmo",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ćmy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f"
      },
      "expansion": "ćma f",
      "name": "pl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "ćma"
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "genp": "ciem"
      },
      "name": "pl-decl-noun-f"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "ciemność"
    },
    {
      "word": "ciemny"
    },
    {
      "word": "ciemń"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "gąsienica"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "motyl"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "moth"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "moth",
          "moth"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Polish terms with archaic senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "darkness"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "darkness",
          "darkness"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(archaic) darkness"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Polish literary terms"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "swarm, crowd"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "swarm",
          "swarm"
        ],
        [
          "crowd",
          "crowd"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(literary) swarm, crowd"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Polish criminal slang",
        "pl:Crime"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "prostitute"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "criminal",
          "criminal"
        ],
        [
          "slang",
          "slang"
        ],
        [
          "prostitute",
          "prostitute"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(criminal slang) prostitute"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "slang"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ɕma/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-a"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ćma"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Polish 1-syllable words",
    "Polish adjective forms",
    "Polish non-lemma forms",
    "Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Polish terms with audio links",
    "Rhymes:Polish/a",
    "Rhymes:Polish/a/1 syllable"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
      "name": "nonlemma"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "adjective form"
      },
      "expansion": "ćma",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "ćma"
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "ćmy"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "feminine nominative/vocative singular of ćmy"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "ćmy",
          "ćmy#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "form-of",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ɕma/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-a"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ćma"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-03-12 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-03-01 using wiktextract (68773ab and 5f6ddbb). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.