See słaby in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "słaba głowa"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "słaba płeć"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)leh₂b-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "słaby",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish słaby",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "słaby"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish słaby",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish słaby.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "słabszy",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "najsłabszy",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "słaby",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "słaba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "słabe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "słabi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "słabe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "słabego",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "słabej",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "słabego",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "słabych",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "słabych",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "słabemu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "słabej",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "słabemu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "słabym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "słabym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "słabego",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"animate",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "słaby",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "słabą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "słabe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "słabych",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "słabe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "słabym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "słabą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "słabym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "słabymi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "słabymi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "słabym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "słabej",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "słabym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "słabych",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "słabych",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural",
"virile"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "słabszy",
"adv": "słabo"
},
"expansion": "słaby (comparative słabszy, superlative najsłabszy, derived adverb słabo)",
"name": "pl-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"sła‧by"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "krzepki"
},
{
"word": "mocarny"
},
{
"word": "mocny"
},
{
"word": "silny"
}
],
"glosses": [
"weak (having little physical strength or force)"
],
"id": "en-słaby-pl-adj-3ks-sk9Z",
"links": [
[
"weak",
"weak"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "bezsilny"
},
{
"word": "kiepski"
},
{
"word": "słabosilny"
},
{
"word": "słabowity"
},
{
"word": "waciany"
}
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "krzepki"
},
{
"word": "mocarny"
},
{
"word": "mocny"
},
{
"word": "silny"
},
{
"word": "krzepki"
},
{
"word": "mocarny"
},
{
"word": "mocny"
},
{
"word": "silny"
}
],
"glosses": [
"weak (having little physical strength or force)",
"weak (characteristic of such a person)"
],
"id": "en-słaby-pl-adj-KKzjlwnC",
"links": [
[
"weak",
"weak"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "bezsilny"
},
{
"word": "kiepski"
},
{
"word": "słabosilny"
},
{
"word": "słabowity"
},
{
"word": "waciany"
}
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "mocny"
},
{
"word": "silny"
}
],
"glosses": [
"weak (not mentally resistant and easily influenceable)"
],
"id": "en-słaby-pl-adj-Rf1S0AFC",
"links": [
[
"weak",
"weak"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "miękki"
}
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "mocny"
},
{
"word": "silny"
},
{
"word": "silny"
}
],
"glosses": [
"weak (not mentally resistant and easily influenceable)",
"weak (characteristic of such a person)"
],
"id": "en-słaby-pl-adj-Rhp3oGCv",
"links": [
[
"weak",
"weak"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "miękki"
}
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "mocny"
},
{
"word": "silny"
}
],
"glosses": [
"weak (inable to realize one's goal due to lack of ability; of low influence or authority)"
],
"id": "en-słaby-pl-adj-3jHI9GxN",
"links": [
[
"weak",
"weak"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cherlawy"
}
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "mocny"
},
{
"word": "silny"
}
],
"glosses": [
"weak (easy to oppose or resist)"
],
"id": "en-słaby-pl-adj-20QXbk7v",
"links": [
[
"weak",
"weak"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"weak; poor (inable to manage or deal with something due to a lack of knowledge or skills; ineffective)"
],
"id": "en-słaby-pl-adj-jdg4tCL6",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":w(loc)/:z(gen)<at what>"
},
"expansion": "[with w (+ locative) or z (+ genitive) ‘at what’]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"w",
"(+",
"locative)",
"z",
"(+",
"genitive)",
"‘at",
"what’"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"weak",
"weak"
],
[
"poor",
"poor"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"weak; poor (inable to manage or deal with something due to a lack of knowledge or skills; ineffective) [with w (+ locative) or z (+ genitive) ‘at what’]"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cienki"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"weak; poor (viewed negatively)"
],
"id": "en-słaby-pl-adj-Ph5E9iZS",
"links": [
[
"weak",
"weak"
],
[
"poor",
"poor"
]
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "mocny"
}
],
"glosses": [
"weak (easily destroyed or degraded)"
],
"id": "en-słaby-pl-adj-CYmp2gu-",
"links": [
[
"weak",
"weak"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "nietrwały"
}
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "mocarny"
},
{
"word": "silny"
}
],
"glosses": [
"weak (having low power or intensity)"
],
"id": "en-słaby-pl-adj-KNlw~IXf",
"links": [
[
"weak",
"weak"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "anemiczny"
},
{
"word": "lekki"
},
{
"word": "nieintensywny"
},
{
"word": "nikły"
},
{
"word": "niemrawy"
},
{
"word": "wątły"
}
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "mocny"
},
{
"word": "silny"
}
],
"glosses": [
"weak (not easily felt; not intense)"
],
"id": "en-słaby-pl-adj-PygA61DI",
"links": [
[
"weak",
"weak"
]
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "mocny"
}
],
"glosses": [
"weak (having a low density or frequency of something, dilute, i.e. alcohol)"
],
"id": "en-słaby-pl-adj-qtc0CQkY",
"links": [
[
"weak",
"weak"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"poor (of bad etiquette or ethics)"
],
"id": "en-słaby-pl-adj-aHdBMyk2",
"links": [
[
"poor",
"poor"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"weak (having a low value)"
],
"id": "en-słaby-pl-adj-c4cR0PT2",
"links": [
[
"weak",
"weak"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "mierny"
},
{
"word": "zły"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 5 12 12 8 3 6 2 2 3 4 3 1 3 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 3 15 15 6 2 4 1 2 2 3 2 1 2 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 12 12 13 2 4 1 3 3 3 4 2 2 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"weak; sickish"
],
"id": "en-słaby-pl-adj-CGV4Z4e-",
"links": [
[
"weak",
"weak"
],
[
"sickish",
"sickish"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈswa.bɘ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɫa.bɨ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-abɘ"
},
{
"homophone": "Słaby"
}
],
"word": "słaby"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish adjectives",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish hard adjectives",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *(s)leh₂b-",
"Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Polish terms with homophones",
"Rhymes:Polish/abɘ",
"Rhymes:Polish/abɘ/2 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "słaba głowa"
},
{
"word": "słaba płeć"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)leh₂b-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "słaby",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish słaby",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "słaby"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish słaby",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish słaby.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "słabszy",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "najsłabszy",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "słaby",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "słaba",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "słabe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "słabi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "słabe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "słabego",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "słabej",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "słabego",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "słabych",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "słabych",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "słabemu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "słabej",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "słabemu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "słabym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "słabym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "słabego",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"animate",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "słaby",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "słabą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "słabe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "słabych",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "słabe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "słabym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "słabą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "słabym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "słabymi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "słabymi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "słabym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "słabej",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "słabym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "słabych",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "słabych",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural",
"virile"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "słabszy",
"adv": "słabo"
},
"expansion": "słaby (comparative słabszy, superlative najsłabszy, derived adverb słabo)",
"name": "pl-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"sła‧by"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "krzepki"
},
{
"word": "mocarny"
},
{
"word": "mocny"
},
{
"word": "silny"
}
],
"glosses": [
"weak (having little physical strength or force)"
],
"links": [
[
"weak",
"weak"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "bezsilny"
},
{
"word": "kiepski"
},
{
"word": "słabosilny"
},
{
"word": "słabowity"
},
{
"word": "waciany"
}
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "krzepki"
},
{
"word": "mocarny"
},
{
"word": "mocny"
},
{
"word": "silny"
},
{
"word": "krzepki"
},
{
"word": "mocarny"
},
{
"word": "mocny"
},
{
"word": "silny"
}
],
"glosses": [
"weak (having little physical strength or force)",
"weak (characteristic of such a person)"
],
"links": [
[
"weak",
"weak"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "bezsilny"
},
{
"word": "kiepski"
},
{
"word": "słabosilny"
},
{
"word": "słabowity"
},
{
"word": "waciany"
}
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "mocny"
},
{
"word": "silny"
}
],
"glosses": [
"weak (not mentally resistant and easily influenceable)"
],
"links": [
[
"weak",
"weak"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "miękki"
}
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "mocny"
},
{
"word": "silny"
},
{
"word": "silny"
}
],
"glosses": [
"weak (not mentally resistant and easily influenceable)",
"weak (characteristic of such a person)"
],
"links": [
[
"weak",
"weak"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "miękki"
}
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "mocny"
},
{
"word": "silny"
}
],
"glosses": [
"weak (inable to realize one's goal due to lack of ability; of low influence or authority)"
],
"links": [
[
"weak",
"weak"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cherlawy"
}
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "mocny"
},
{
"word": "silny"
}
],
"glosses": [
"weak (easy to oppose or resist)"
],
"links": [
[
"weak",
"weak"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"weak; poor (inable to manage or deal with something due to a lack of knowledge or skills; ineffective)"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":w(loc)/:z(gen)<at what>"
},
"expansion": "[with w (+ locative) or z (+ genitive) ‘at what’]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"w",
"(+",
"locative)",
"z",
"(+",
"genitive)",
"‘at",
"what’"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"weak",
"weak"
],
[
"poor",
"poor"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"weak; poor (inable to manage or deal with something due to a lack of knowledge or skills; ineffective) [with w (+ locative) or z (+ genitive) ‘at what’]"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cienki"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"weak; poor (viewed negatively)"
],
"links": [
[
"weak",
"weak"
],
[
"poor",
"poor"
]
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "mocny"
}
],
"glosses": [
"weak (easily destroyed or degraded)"
],
"links": [
[
"weak",
"weak"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "nietrwały"
}
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "mocarny"
},
{
"word": "silny"
}
],
"glosses": [
"weak (having low power or intensity)"
],
"links": [
[
"weak",
"weak"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "anemiczny"
},
{
"word": "lekki"
},
{
"word": "nieintensywny"
},
{
"word": "nikły"
},
{
"word": "niemrawy"
},
{
"word": "wątły"
}
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "mocny"
},
{
"word": "silny"
}
],
"glosses": [
"weak (not easily felt; not intense)"
],
"links": [
[
"weak",
"weak"
]
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "mocny"
}
],
"glosses": [
"weak (having a low density or frequency of something, dilute, i.e. alcohol)"
],
"links": [
[
"weak",
"weak"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"poor (of bad etiquette or ethics)"
],
"links": [
[
"poor",
"poor"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"weak (having a low value)"
],
"links": [
[
"weak",
"weak"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "mierny"
},
{
"word": "zły"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"weak; sickish"
],
"links": [
[
"weak",
"weak"
],
[
"sickish",
"sickish"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈswa.bɘ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɫa.bɨ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-abɘ"
},
{
"homophone": "Słaby"
}
],
"word": "słaby"
}
Download raw JSONL data for słaby meaning in Polish (8.2kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: derived adverb słabo",
"path": [
"słaby"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "słaby",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'non-virile'",
"path": [
"słaby"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "słaby",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (65a6e81 and 0dbea76). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.