"spuchnąć" meaning in Polish

See spuchnąć in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

IPA: /ˈspux.nɔɲt͡ɕ/, /ˈspux.nɔ̃t͡ɕ/ [Middle, Polish] Forms: puchnąć [imperfective]
Rhymes: -uxnɔɲt͡ɕ Etymology: From s- + puchnąć. First attested in the 16h century. Compare Kashubian spùchnąc and Silesian spuchnōńć. Etymology templates: {{af|pl|s-|puchnąć}} s- + puchnąć, {{etydate/the|16h century}} the 16h century, {{ref|<span class="cited-source">Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (<span class="None" lang="und">2010-2023) “spuchnąć”, in <cite>Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku</cite> [<cite>A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish</cite>]</span></span>|name=}}, {{etydate|16h century|ref=<span class="cited-source">Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (<span class="None" lang="und">2010-2023) “spuchnąć”, in <cite>Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku</cite> [<cite>A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish</cite>]</span></span>}} First attested in the 16h century., {{cog|csb|spùchnąc}} Kashubian spùchnąc, {{cog|szl|spuchnōńć}} Silesian spuchnōńć Head templates: {{pl-verb|pf|impf=puchnąć}} spuchnąć pf (imperfective puchnąć)
  1. (intransitive) to swell (of people, animals, body parts, to become bigger, especially due to being engorged, typically from a medical problem) [+dative = whose body part] Tags: intransitive, perfective Synonyms: opuchnąć
    Sense id: en-spuchnąć-pl-verb-0jxKzSxN Categories (other): Polish entries with incorrect language header, Polish terms prefixed with s- Disambiguation of Polish entries with incorrect language header: 65 8 13 15 Disambiguation of Polish terms prefixed with s-: 41 20 22 17
  2. (intransitive) to swell (to become bigger in size or number) [+ od (genitive) = from what] Tags: intransitive, perfective Synonyms: opuchnąć
    Sense id: en-spuchnąć-pl-verb-FF6QuSNR
  3. (intransitive) to burst (to feel an emotional intensely) [+ z (genitive) = from what emotion] Tags: intransitive, perfective Synonyms: pęknąć
    Sense id: en-spuchnąć-pl-verb-kUydLWz6

Verb

IPA: /ˈspux.nɔɲt͡ɕ/, /ˈspux.nɔ̃t͡ɕ/ [Middle, Polish]
Rhymes: -uxnɔɲt͡ɕ Etymology: From s- + puchnąć. First attested in the 16h century. Compare Kashubian spùchnąc and Silesian spuchnōńć. Etymology templates: {{af|pl|s-|puchnąć}} s- + puchnąć, {{etydate/the|16h century}} the 16h century, {{ref|<span class="cited-source">Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (<span class="None" lang="und">2010-2023) “spuchnąć”, in <cite>Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku</cite> [<cite>A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish</cite>]</span></span>|name=}}, {{etydate|16h century|ref=<span class="cited-source">Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (<span class="None" lang="und">2010-2023) “spuchnąć”, in <cite>Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku</cite> [<cite>A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish</cite>]</span></span>}} First attested in the 16h century., {{cog|csb|spùchnąc}} Kashubian spùchnąc, {{cog|szl|spuchnōńć}} Silesian spuchnōńć Head templates: {{pl-verb|pf}} spuchnąć pf Inflection templates: {{pl-conj-ap-nąć|spuchn}}, {{pl-conj-ap|spuchnąć|spuchnę|spuchnie|spuchną|spuchną|spuchnę|spuchnę|spuchnij|ap=spuchnąwszy|ip=spuchnięto|pp=|pp2=|vn=spuchnięcie}} Forms: perfective [table-tags], spuchnąć [infinitive], spuchnę [future, singular], spuchniemy [future, plural], spuchniesz [future, singular], spuchniecie [future, plural], spuchnie [future, singular, third-person], spuchną [future, plural, third-person], spuchnie się [future, impersonal], spuchnąłem [masculine, past, singular], -(e)m spuchnął [masculine, past, singular], spuchnęłam [feminine, past, singular], -(e)m spuchnęła [feminine, past, singular], spuchnęłom [neuter, past, singular], -(e)m spuchnęło [neuter, past, singular], spuchnęliśmy [past, plural, virile], -(e)śmy spuchnęli [past, plural, virile], spuchnęłyśmy [nonvirile, past, plural], -(e)śmy spuchnęły [nonvirile, past, plural], spuchnąłeś [masculine, past, singular], -(e)ś spuchnął [masculine, past, singular], spuchnęłaś [feminine, past, singular], -(e)ś spuchnęła [feminine, past, singular], spuchnęłoś [neuter, past, singular], -(e)ś spuchnęło [neuter, past, singular], spuchnęliście [past, plural, virile], -(e)ście spuchnęli [past, plural, virile], spuchnęłyście [nonvirile, past, plural], -(e)ście spuchnęły [nonvirile, past, plural], spuchnął [masculine, past, singular, third-person], spuchnęła [feminine, past, singular, third-person], spuchnęło [neuter, past, singular, third-person], spuchnęli [past, plural, third-person, virile], spuchnęły [nonvirile, past, plural, third-person], spuchnięto [impersonal, past], spuchnąłbym [conditional, masculine, singular], bym spuchnął [conditional, masculine, singular], spuchnęłabym [conditional, feminine, singular], bym spuchnęła [conditional, feminine, singular], spuchnęłobym [conditional, neuter, singular], bym spuchnęło [conditional, neuter, singular], spuchnęlibyśmy [conditional, plural, virile], byśmy spuchnęli [conditional, plural, virile], spuchnęłybyśmy [conditional, nonvirile, plural], byśmy spuchnęły [conditional, nonvirile, plural], spuchnąłbyś [conditional, masculine, singular], byś spuchnął [conditional, masculine, singular], spuchnęłabyś [conditional, feminine, singular], byś spuchnęła [conditional, feminine, singular], spuchnęłobyś [conditional, neuter, singular], byś spuchnęło [conditional, neuter, singular], spuchnęlibyście [conditional, plural, virile], byście spuchnęli [conditional, plural, virile], spuchnęłybyście [conditional, nonvirile, plural], byście spuchnęły [conditional, nonvirile, plural], spuchnąłby [conditional, masculine, singular, third-person], by spuchnął [conditional, masculine, singular, third-person], spuchnęłaby [conditional, feminine, singular, third-person], by spuchnęła [conditional, feminine, singular, third-person], spuchnęłoby [conditional, neuter, singular, third-person], by spuchnęło [conditional, neuter, singular, third-person], spuchnęliby [conditional, plural, third-person, virile], by spuchnęli [conditional, plural, third-person, virile], spuchnęłyby [conditional, nonvirile, plural, third-person], by spuchnęły [conditional, nonvirile, plural, third-person], spuchnięto by [conditional, impersonal], niech spuchnę [imperative, singular], spuchnijmy [imperative, plural], spuchnij [imperative, singular], spuchnijcie [imperative, plural], niech spuchnie [imperative, singular, third-person], niech spuchną [imperative, plural, third-person], spuchnąwszy [adverbial, anterior, participle], spuchnięcie [noun-from-verb]
  1. (intransitive, colloquial) to drop (to become weak or lose strength from physical exertion) Tags: colloquial, intransitive, perfective Derived forms: spuchnięty, uszy spuchną [perfective], uszy puchną [imperfective]
    Sense id: en-spuchnąć-pl-verb-cpEdpSIC

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for spuchnąć meaning in Polish (13.2kB)

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "s-",
        "3": "puchnąć"
      },
      "expansion": "s- + puchnąć",
      "name": "af"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "16h century"
      },
      "expansion": "the 16h century",
      "name": "etydate/the"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "<span class=\"cited-source\">Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">2010-2023) “spuchnąć”, in <cite>Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku</cite> [<cite>A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish</cite>]</span></span>",
        "name": ""
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "ref"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "16h century",
        "ref": "<span class=\"cited-source\">Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">2010-2023) “spuchnąć”, in <cite>Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku</cite> [<cite>A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish</cite>]</span></span>"
      },
      "expansion": "First attested in the 16h century.",
      "name": "etydate"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "csb",
        "2": "spùchnąc"
      },
      "expansion": "Kashubian spùchnąc",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "szl",
        "2": "spuchnōńć"
      },
      "expansion": "Silesian spuchnōńć",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From s- + puchnąć. First attested in the 16h century. Compare Kashubian spùchnąc and Silesian spuchnōńć.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "puchnąć",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pf",
        "impf": "puchnąć"
      },
      "expansion": "spuchnąć pf (imperfective puchnąć)",
      "name": "pl-verb"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "spuch‧nąć"
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "65 8 13 15",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "41 20 22 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish terms prefixed with s-",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to swell (of people, animals, body parts, to become bigger, especially due to being engorged, typically from a medical problem) [+dative = whose body part]",
        "to swell (of people, animals, body parts, to become bigger, especially due to being engorged, typically from a medical problem)"
      ],
      "id": "en-spuchnąć-pl-verb-0jxKzSxN",
      "links": [
        [
          "swell",
          "swell"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) to swell (of people, animals, body parts, to become bigger, especially due to being engorged, typically from a medical problem) [+dative = whose body part]"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "opuchnąć"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive",
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "to swell (to become bigger in size or number) [+ od (genitive) = from what]",
        "to swell (to become bigger in size or number)"
      ],
      "id": "en-spuchnąć-pl-verb-FF6QuSNR",
      "links": [
        [
          "swell",
          "swell"
        ],
        [
          "od",
          "od#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) to swell (to become bigger in size or number) [+ od (genitive) = from what]"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "opuchnąć"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive",
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "to burst (to feel an emotional intensely) [+ z (genitive) = from what emotion]",
        "to burst (to feel an emotional intensely)"
      ],
      "id": "en-spuchnąć-pl-verb-kUydLWz6",
      "links": [
        [
          "burst",
          "burst"
        ],
        [
          "z",
          "z#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) to burst (to feel an emotional intensely) [+ z (genitive) = from what emotion]"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "pęknąć"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive",
        "perfective"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈspux.nɔɲt͡ɕ/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈspux.nɔ̃t͡ɕ/",
      "tags": [
        "Middle",
        "Polish"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-uxnɔɲt͡ɕ"
    }
  ],
  "word": "spuchnąć"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "s-",
        "3": "puchnąć"
      },
      "expansion": "s- + puchnąć",
      "name": "af"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "16h century"
      },
      "expansion": "the 16h century",
      "name": "etydate/the"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "<span class=\"cited-source\">Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">2010-2023) “spuchnąć”, in <cite>Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku</cite> [<cite>A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish</cite>]</span></span>",
        "name": ""
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "ref"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "16h century",
        "ref": "<span class=\"cited-source\">Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">2010-2023) “spuchnąć”, in <cite>Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku</cite> [<cite>A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish</cite>]</span></span>"
      },
      "expansion": "First attested in the 16h century.",
      "name": "etydate"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "csb",
        "2": "spùchnąc"
      },
      "expansion": "Kashubian spùchnąc",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "szl",
        "2": "spuchnōńć"
      },
      "expansion": "Silesian spuchnōńć",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From s- + puchnąć. First attested in the 16h century. Compare Kashubian spùchnąc and Silesian spuchnōńć.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "perfective",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pl-conj-ap-nąć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spuchnąć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spuchnę",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spuchniemy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spuchniesz",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spuchniecie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spuchnie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spuchną",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spuchnie się",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "impersonal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spuchnąłem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m spuchnął",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spuchnęłam",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m spuchnęła",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spuchnęłom",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m spuchnęło",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spuchnęliśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)śmy spuchnęli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spuchnęłyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)śmy spuchnęły",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spuchnąłeś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś spuchnął",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spuchnęłaś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś spuchnęła",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spuchnęłoś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś spuchnęło",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spuchnęliście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ście spuchnęli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spuchnęłyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ście spuchnęły",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spuchnął",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spuchnęła",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spuchnęło",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spuchnęli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spuchnęły",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spuchnięto",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spuchnąłbym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym spuchnął",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spuchnęłabym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym spuchnęła",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spuchnęłobym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym spuchnęło",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spuchnęlibyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byśmy spuchnęli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spuchnęłybyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byśmy spuchnęły",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spuchnąłbyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś spuchnął",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spuchnęłabyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś spuchnęła",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spuchnęłobyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś spuchnęło",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spuchnęlibyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byście spuchnęli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spuchnęłybyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byście spuchnęły",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spuchnąłby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by spuchnął",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spuchnęłaby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by spuchnęła",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spuchnęłoby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by spuchnęło",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spuchnęliby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by spuchnęli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spuchnęłyby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by spuchnęły",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spuchnięto by",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "impersonal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech spuchnę",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spuchnijmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spuchnij",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spuchnijcie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech spuchnie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech spuchną",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spuchnąwszy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "anterior",
        "participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spuchnięcie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pf"
      },
      "expansion": "spuchnąć pf",
      "name": "pl-verb"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "spuch‧nąć"
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "spuchn"
      },
      "name": "pl-conj-ap-nąć"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "spuchnąć",
        "2": "spuchnę",
        "3": "spuchnie",
        "4": "spuchną",
        "5": "spuchną",
        "6": "spuchnę",
        "7": "spuchnę",
        "8": "spuchnij",
        "ap": "spuchnąwszy",
        "ip": "spuchnięto",
        "pp": "",
        "pp2": "",
        "vn": "spuchnięcie"
      },
      "name": "pl-conj-ap"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "spuchnięty"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "uszy spuchną"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "uszy puchną"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to drop (to become weak or lose strength from physical exertion)"
      ],
      "id": "en-spuchnąć-pl-verb-cpEdpSIC",
      "links": [
        [
          "drop",
          "drop"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive, colloquial) to drop (to become weak or lose strength from physical exertion)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "intransitive",
        "perfective"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈspux.nɔɲt͡ɕ/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈspux.nɔ̃t͡ɕ/",
      "tags": [
        "Middle",
        "Polish"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-uxnɔɲt͡ɕ"
    }
  ],
  "word": "spuchnąć"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Polish 2-syllable words",
    "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Polish lemmas",
    "Polish perfective verbs",
    "Polish terms prefixed with s-",
    "Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Polish terms with audio links",
    "Polish verbs",
    "Rhymes:Polish/uxnɔɲt͡ɕ",
    "Rhymes:Polish/uxnɔɲt͡ɕ/2 syllables"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "s-",
        "3": "puchnąć"
      },
      "expansion": "s- + puchnąć",
      "name": "af"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "16h century"
      },
      "expansion": "the 16h century",
      "name": "etydate/the"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "<span class=\"cited-source\">Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">2010-2023) “spuchnąć”, in <cite>Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku</cite> [<cite>A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish</cite>]</span></span>",
        "name": ""
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "ref"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "16h century",
        "ref": "<span class=\"cited-source\">Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">2010-2023) “spuchnąć”, in <cite>Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku</cite> [<cite>A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish</cite>]</span></span>"
      },
      "expansion": "First attested in the 16h century.",
      "name": "etydate"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "csb",
        "2": "spùchnąc"
      },
      "expansion": "Kashubian spùchnąc",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "szl",
        "2": "spuchnōńć"
      },
      "expansion": "Silesian spuchnōńć",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From s- + puchnąć. First attested in the 16h century. Compare Kashubian spùchnąc and Silesian spuchnōńć.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "puchnąć",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pf",
        "impf": "puchnąć"
      },
      "expansion": "spuchnąć pf (imperfective puchnąć)",
      "name": "pl-verb"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "spuch‧nąć"
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Polish intransitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to swell (of people, animals, body parts, to become bigger, especially due to being engorged, typically from a medical problem) [+dative = whose body part]",
        "to swell (of people, animals, body parts, to become bigger, especially due to being engorged, typically from a medical problem)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "swell",
          "swell"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) to swell (of people, animals, body parts, to become bigger, especially due to being engorged, typically from a medical problem) [+dative = whose body part]"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "opuchnąć"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive",
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Polish intransitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to swell (to become bigger in size or number) [+ od (genitive) = from what]",
        "to swell (to become bigger in size or number)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "swell",
          "swell"
        ],
        [
          "od",
          "od#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) to swell (to become bigger in size or number) [+ od (genitive) = from what]"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "opuchnąć"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive",
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Polish intransitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to burst (to feel an emotional intensely) [+ z (genitive) = from what emotion]",
        "to burst (to feel an emotional intensely)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "burst",
          "burst"
        ],
        [
          "z",
          "z#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) to burst (to feel an emotional intensely) [+ z (genitive) = from what emotion]"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "pęknąć"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive",
        "perfective"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈspux.nɔɲt͡ɕ/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈspux.nɔ̃t͡ɕ/",
      "tags": [
        "Middle",
        "Polish"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-uxnɔɲt͡ɕ"
    }
  ],
  "word": "spuchnąć"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Polish 2-syllable words",
    "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Polish lemmas",
    "Polish perfective verbs",
    "Polish terms prefixed with s-",
    "Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Polish terms with audio links",
    "Polish verbs",
    "Rhymes:Polish/uxnɔɲt͡ɕ",
    "Rhymes:Polish/uxnɔɲt͡ɕ/2 syllables"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "spuchnięty"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "uszy spuchną"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "uszy puchną"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "s-",
        "3": "puchnąć"
      },
      "expansion": "s- + puchnąć",
      "name": "af"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "16h century"
      },
      "expansion": "the 16h century",
      "name": "etydate/the"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "<span class=\"cited-source\">Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">2010-2023) “spuchnąć”, in <cite>Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku</cite> [<cite>A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish</cite>]</span></span>",
        "name": ""
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "ref"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "16h century",
        "ref": "<span class=\"cited-source\">Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">2010-2023) “spuchnąć”, in <cite>Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku</cite> [<cite>A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish</cite>]</span></span>"
      },
      "expansion": "First attested in the 16h century.",
      "name": "etydate"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "csb",
        "2": "spùchnąc"
      },
      "expansion": "Kashubian spùchnąc",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "szl",
        "2": "spuchnōńć"
      },
      "expansion": "Silesian spuchnōńć",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From s- + puchnąć. First attested in the 16h century. Compare Kashubian spùchnąc and Silesian spuchnōńć.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "perfective",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pl-conj-ap-nąć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spuchnąć",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spuchnę",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spuchniemy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spuchniesz",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spuchniecie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spuchnie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spuchną",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spuchnie się",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "impersonal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spuchnąłem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m spuchnął",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spuchnęłam",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m spuchnęła",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spuchnęłom",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m spuchnęło",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spuchnęliśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)śmy spuchnęli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spuchnęłyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)śmy spuchnęły",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spuchnąłeś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś spuchnął",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spuchnęłaś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś spuchnęła",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spuchnęłoś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś spuchnęło",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spuchnęliście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ście spuchnęli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spuchnęłyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ście spuchnęły",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spuchnął",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spuchnęła",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spuchnęło",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spuchnęli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spuchnęły",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spuchnięto",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spuchnąłbym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym spuchnął",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spuchnęłabym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym spuchnęła",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spuchnęłobym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym spuchnęło",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spuchnęlibyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byśmy spuchnęli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spuchnęłybyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byśmy spuchnęły",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spuchnąłbyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś spuchnął",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spuchnęłabyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś spuchnęła",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spuchnęłobyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś spuchnęło",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spuchnęlibyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byście spuchnęli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spuchnęłybyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byście spuchnęły",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spuchnąłby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by spuchnął",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spuchnęłaby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by spuchnęła",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spuchnęłoby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by spuchnęło",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spuchnęliby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by spuchnęli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spuchnęłyby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by spuchnęły",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spuchnięto by",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "impersonal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech spuchnę",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spuchnijmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spuchnij",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spuchnijcie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech spuchnie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech spuchną",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spuchnąwszy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "anterior",
        "participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spuchnięcie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pf"
      },
      "expansion": "spuchnąć pf",
      "name": "pl-verb"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "spuch‧nąć"
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "spuchn"
      },
      "name": "pl-conj-ap-nąć"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "spuchnąć",
        "2": "spuchnę",
        "3": "spuchnie",
        "4": "spuchną",
        "5": "spuchną",
        "6": "spuchnę",
        "7": "spuchnę",
        "8": "spuchnij",
        "ap": "spuchnąwszy",
        "ip": "spuchnięto",
        "pp": "",
        "pp2": "",
        "vn": "spuchnięcie"
      },
      "name": "pl-conj-ap"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Polish colloquialisms",
        "Polish intransitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to drop (to become weak or lose strength from physical exertion)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "drop",
          "drop"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive, colloquial) to drop (to become weak or lose strength from physical exertion)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "intransitive",
        "perfective"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈspux.nɔɲt͡ɕ/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈspux.nɔ̃t͡ɕ/",
      "tags": [
        "Middle",
        "Polish"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-uxnɔɲt͡ɕ"
    }
  ],
  "word": "spuchnąć"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-29 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (9d9fc81 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.