"s-" meaning in Polish

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "prefix"
      },
      "expansion": "s-",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "[please"
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "prefix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "36 26 38",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish entries with Template:pl-pr without syllabification",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "37 32 31",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "s- + całkować → scałkować",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "s- + chłodzić → schłodzić",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "used before voiceless consonants to form a verb in a perfective aspect from a verb in an imperfective aspect"
      ],
      "id": "en-s--pl-prefix-MJe1yVtx",
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "36 26 38",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish entries with Template:pl-pr without syllabification",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "37 32 31",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "s- + chodzić → schodzić",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "used before voiceless consonants to mean \"in a downward direction\""
      ],
      "id": "en-s--pl-prefix-fkd1UI-6",
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "na-"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "36 26 38",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish entries with Template:pl-pr without syllabification",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "37 32 31",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "s- + chodzić → schodzić",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "used before voiceless consonants to mean \"off, off the surface of\", \"away from\", or \"out of\""
      ],
      "id": "en-s--pl-prefix-HM3sYHxq",
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/s/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-s"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "z"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "z-"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "z-"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "ś-"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "ze-"
    }
  ],
  "word": "s-"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 16 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Polish entries with Template:pl-pr without syllabification",
    "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Polish lemmas",
    "Polish prefixes",
    "Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
    "Polish terms with homophones",
    "Rhymes:Polish/s",
    "Rhymes:Polish/s/1 syllable"
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "prefix"
      },
      "expansion": "s-",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "[please"
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "prefix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "s- + całkować → scałkować",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "s- + chłodzić → schłodzić",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "used before voiceless consonants to form a verb in a perfective aspect from a verb in an imperfective aspect"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "s- + chodzić → schodzić",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "used before voiceless consonants to mean \"in a downward direction\""
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "na-"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "s- + chodzić → schodzić",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "used before voiceless consonants to mean \"off, off the surface of\", \"away from\", or \"out of\""
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/s/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-s"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "z"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "z-"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "z-"
    },
    {
      "word": "ś-"
    },
    {
      "word": "ze-"
    }
  ],
  "word": "s-"
}