See rum in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "rumowy"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "en",
"3": "rum"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from English rum",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from English rum.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in"
},
"expansion": "rum m inan",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"rum"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "41 26 33",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Distilled beverages",
"orig": "pl:Distilled beverages",
"parents": [
"Alcoholic beverages",
"Beverages",
"Recreational drugs",
"Drinking",
"Food and drink",
"Liquids",
"Drugs",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Matter",
"Pharmacology",
"Human",
"Fundamental",
"Chemistry",
"Nature",
"Biochemistry",
"Medicine",
"Sciences",
"Biology",
"Healthcare",
"Health",
"Body"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"rum (distilled spirit)"
],
"id": "en-rum-pl-noun-IRbF~QUZ",
"links": [
[
"rum",
"rum#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "41 26 33",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Distilled beverages",
"orig": "pl:Distilled beverages",
"parents": [
"Alcoholic beverages",
"Beverages",
"Recreational drugs",
"Drinking",
"Food and drink",
"Liquids",
"Drugs",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Matter",
"Pharmacology",
"Human",
"Fundamental",
"Chemistry",
"Nature",
"Biochemistry",
"Medicine",
"Sciences",
"Biology",
"Healthcare",
"Health",
"Body"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"rum (serving)"
],
"id": "en-rum-pl-noun-6IsHso~7",
"links": [
[
"rum",
"rum#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈrum/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-um"
}
],
"word": "rum"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "rūm, roum"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Middle High German rūm, roum",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "goh",
"3": "rūm"
},
"expansion": "Old High German rūm",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*rūmą"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rūmą",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Middle High German rūm, roum, from Old High German rūm, from Proto-Germanic *rūmą.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "rum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rumy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in"
},
"expansion": "rum m inan",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"rum"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Geology",
"orig": "pl:Geology",
"parents": [
"Earth sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "24 29 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 29 42",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 24 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 24 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 26 33",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Distilled beverages",
"orig": "pl:Distilled beverages",
"parents": [
"Alcoholic beverages",
"Beverages",
"Recreational drugs",
"Drinking",
"Food and drink",
"Liquids",
"Drugs",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Matter",
"Pharmacology",
"Human",
"Fundamental",
"Chemistry",
"Nature",
"Biochemistry",
"Medicine",
"Sciences",
"Biology",
"Healthcare",
"Health",
"Body"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 15 73",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Rocks",
"orig": "pl:Rocks",
"parents": [
"Geology",
"Natural materials",
"Earth sciences",
"Materials",
"Nature",
"Sciences",
"Manufacturing",
"All topics",
"Human activity",
"Fundamental",
"Human behaviour",
"Human"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 21 58",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Landforms",
"orig": "pl:Landforms",
"parents": [
"Earth",
"Places",
"Nature",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"broken debris, rock crumbs"
],
"id": "en-rum-pl-noun-HBb10c85",
"links": [
[
"geology",
"geology"
],
[
"broken",
"broken"
],
[
"debris",
"debris"
],
[
"rock",
"rock"
],
[
"crumb",
"crumb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, geology) broken debris, rock crumbs"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"geology",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈrum/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-um"
}
],
"word": "rum"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 25 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish inanimate nouns",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish masculine nouns",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish terms borrowed from English",
"Polish terms borrowed from Middle High German",
"Polish terms derived from English",
"Polish terms derived from Middle High German",
"Polish terms derived from Old High German",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/um",
"Rhymes:Polish/um/1 syllable",
"pl:Distilled beverages",
"pl:Landforms",
"pl:Rocks"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "rumowy"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "en",
"3": "rum"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from English rum",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from English rum.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in"
},
"expansion": "rum m inan",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"rum"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"rum (distilled spirit)"
],
"links": [
[
"rum",
"rum#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"rum (serving)"
],
"links": [
[
"rum",
"rum#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈrum/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-um"
}
],
"word": "rum"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 25 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish inanimate nouns",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish masculine nouns",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish terms borrowed from Middle High German",
"Polish terms derived from Middle High German",
"Polish terms derived from Old High German",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/um",
"Rhymes:Polish/um/1 syllable",
"pl:Distilled beverages",
"pl:Landforms",
"pl:Rocks"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "rūm, roum"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Middle High German rūm, roum",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "goh",
"3": "rūm"
},
"expansion": "Old High German rūm",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*rūmą"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rūmą",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Middle High German rūm, roum, from Old High German rūm, from Proto-Germanic *rūmą.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "rum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rumy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in"
},
"expansion": "rum m inan",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"rum"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with archaic senses",
"pl:Geology"
],
"glosses": [
"broken debris, rock crumbs"
],
"links": [
[
"geology",
"geology"
],
[
"broken",
"broken"
],
[
"debris",
"debris"
],
[
"rock",
"rock"
],
[
"crumb",
"crumb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, geology) broken debris, rock crumbs"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"geology",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈrum/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-um"
}
],
"word": "rum"
}
Download raw JSONL data for rum meaning in Polish (4.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-21 using wiktextract (fef8596 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.