See ruja in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "ruja i porubstwo"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "rujka"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "rujowisko"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*ruja",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *ruja",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*ruja"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ruja",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "uk",
"3": "руя",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian руя (ruja)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ruja. The late attestation of the word in Polish may indicate borrowing, most likely from Ukrainian руя (ruja).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rujka",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "rujowy",
"tags": [
"adjective"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ruja",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rui",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rui",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rui",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rujom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruję",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rują",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rujami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rui",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rujach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rujo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ruje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"adj": "rujowy",
"dim": "rujka"
},
"expansion": "ruja f (diminutive rujka, related adjective rujowy)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ru‧ja"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"ru‧ja"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"genp": "rui"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-f"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "rzuć"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "rzwać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "rzwieć"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Biology",
"orig": "pl:Biology",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "92 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "85 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "75 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "88 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"heat, oestrus (state of a female animal that is ready for mating)"
],
"id": "en-ruja-pl-noun-UeZE2U1~",
"links": [
[
"biology",
"biology"
],
[
"heat",
"heat"
],
[
"oestrus",
"oestrus"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(biology) heat, oestrus (state of a female animal that is ready for mating)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Sex",
"orig": "pl:Sex",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"sexual arousal"
],
"id": "en-ruja-pl-noun-rS3-~1vY",
"links": [
[
"sexual",
"sexual"
],
[
"arousal",
"arousal"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(humorous, idiomatic) sexual arousal"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "podniecenie"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"humorous",
"idiomatic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈru.ja/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uja"
}
],
"word": "ruja"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish feminine nouns",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/uja",
"Rhymes:Polish/uja/2 syllables",
"pl:Sex"
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "ruja i porubstwo"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "rujka"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "rujowisko"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*ruja",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *ruja",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*ruja"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ruja",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "uk",
"3": "руя",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian руя (ruja)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ruja. The late attestation of the word in Polish may indicate borrowing, most likely from Ukrainian руя (ruja).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rujka",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "rujowy",
"tags": [
"adjective"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ruja",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rui",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rui",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rui",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rujom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruję",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rują",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rujami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rui",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rujach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rujo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ruje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"adj": "rujowy",
"dim": "rujka"
},
"expansion": "ruja f (diminutive rujka, related adjective rujowy)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ru‧ja"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"ru‧ja"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"genp": "rui"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-f"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "rzuć"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "rzwać"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "rzwieć"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"pl:Biology"
],
"glosses": [
"heat, oestrus (state of a female animal that is ready for mating)"
],
"links": [
[
"biology",
"biology"
],
[
"heat",
"heat"
],
[
"oestrus",
"oestrus"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(biology) heat, oestrus (state of a female animal that is ready for mating)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish humorous terms",
"Polish idioms"
],
"glosses": [
"sexual arousal"
],
"links": [
[
"sexual",
"sexual"
],
[
"arousal",
"arousal"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(humorous, idiomatic) sexual arousal"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "podniecenie"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"humorous",
"idiomatic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈru.ja/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uja"
}
],
"word": "ruja"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ruja meaning in Polish (4.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-12-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-12-02 using wiktextract (6fdc867 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.