See ponad in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "ponadto"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "af",
"3": "pl>po>preposition",
"4": "pl>nad>above",
"id": "above",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Balto-Slavic *pa\nProto-Slavic *po\nOld Polish po\nPolish po\nProto-Slavic *nadъ\nOld Polish nad\nPolish nad\nPolish ponad",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "po",
"3": "nad"
},
"expansion": "Univerbation of po + nad",
"name": "univ"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "pònad"
},
"expansion": "Kashubian pònad",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "по́над"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian по́над (pónad)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1749"
},
"expansion": "1749",
"name": "etydate/the"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1749"
},
"expansion": "First attested in 1749",
"name": "etydate"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "<span class=\"cited-source\">Paweł Kupiszewski (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">16.05.2019) “PONAD”, in <cite>Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku</cite> [<cite>Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century</cite>]</span></span>"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ref"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Balto-Slavic *pa\nProto-Slavic *po\nOld Polish po\nPolish po\nProto-Slavic *nadъ\nOld Polish nad\nPolish nad\nPolish ponad\nUniverbation of po + nad. Compare Kashubian pònad and Ukrainian по́над (pónad). First attested in 1749.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ponade",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "prep"
},
"expansion": "ponad",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"po‧nad"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 33 28 23 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 31 29 28 12",
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},
{
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"Entry maintenance"
],
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},
{
"_dis": "0 28 26 26 21",
"kind": "other",
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],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 26 24 25 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish particles",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 26 24 25 15",
"kind": "other",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 26 24 25 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish univerbations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "In summer, the sun shines high above the mountains.",
"text": "Latem słońce świeci wysoko ponad górami.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"denotes location; above, over"
],
"id": "en-ponad-pl-prep-867k9fAj",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "ins"
},
"expansion": "[with instrumental]",
"extra_data": {
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},
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}
],
"links": [
[
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"above"
],
[
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"over"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"denotes location; above, over [with instrumental]"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "powyżej"
},
{
"word": "nad"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 33 28 23 16",
"kind": "other",
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},
{
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{
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"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 28 26 26 21",
"kind": "other",
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"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 26 24 25 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish particles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 26 24 25 15",
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 26 24 25 24",
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"denotes motion; to above, to over"
],
"id": "en-ponad-pl-prep-8Cpe1IO0",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "acc"
},
"expansion": "[with accusative]",
"extra_data": {
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"accusative"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"above",
"above"
],
[
"over",
"over"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"denotes motion; to above, to over [with accusative]"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "powyżej"
},
{
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}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
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"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
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{
"_dis": "0 28 26 26 21",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 26 24 25 24",
"kind": "other",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 26 24 25 15",
"kind": "other",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 26 24 25 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish univerbations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I love it to death/more than life itself/more than anything in the world.",
"text": "Kocham to ponad życie.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"denotes highest degree of intensity of an action or state"
],
"id": "en-ponad-pl-prep-FUR-2nDx",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "acc"
},
"expansion": "[with accusative]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
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]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"raw_glosses": [
"denotes highest degree of intensity of an action or state [with accusative]"
],
"synonyms": [
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}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 33 28 23 16",
"kind": "other",
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{
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
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],
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{
"_dis": "0 28 26 26 21",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 26 24 25 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish particles",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
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"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 26 24 25 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish univerbations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "This task is beyond my capabilities.",
"text": "Zadanie to jest ponad moje umiejętności.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "She puts her career above all else.",
"text": "Ona przedkłada swoją karierę ponad wszystko.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"above, beyond"
],
"id": "en-ponad-pl-prep-SSsuq15W",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "acc"
},
"expansion": "[with accusative]",
"extra_data": {
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},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"above",
"above"
],
[
"beyond",
"beyond"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"above, beyond [with accusative]"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɔ.nat/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɔ.nat/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔnat"
},
{
"homophone": "ponad-"
}
],
"word": "ponad"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "af",
"3": "pl>po>preposition",
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"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Balto-Slavic *pa\nProto-Slavic *po\nOld Polish po\nPolish po\nProto-Slavic *nadъ\nOld Polish nad\nPolish nad\nPolish ponad",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
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"2": "po",
"3": "nad"
},
"expansion": "Univerbation of po + nad",
"name": "univ"
},
{
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},
"expansion": "Kashubian pònad",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "по́над"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian по́над (pónad)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
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"1": "1749"
},
"expansion": "1749",
"name": "etydate/the"
},
{
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},
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"name": "etydate"
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{
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"1": "<span class=\"cited-source\">Paweł Kupiszewski (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">16.05.2019) “PONAD”, in <cite>Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku</cite> [<cite>Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century</cite>]</span></span>"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ref"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Balto-Slavic *pa\nProto-Slavic *po\nOld Polish po\nPolish po\nProto-Slavic *nadъ\nOld Polish nad\nPolish nad\nPolish ponad\nUniverbation of po + nad. Compare Kashubian pònad and Ukrainian по́над (pónad). First attested in 1749.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ponade",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "particle"
},
"expansion": "ponad",
"name": "head"
}
],
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"po‧nad"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "particle",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "10 26 24 25 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I have worked here for over two decades.",
"text": "Pracuję tu ponad dwie dekady.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"over, more than"
],
"id": "en-ponad-pl-particle-RfcjIrMq",
"links": [
[
"over",
"over"
],
[
"more",
"more"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "przeszło"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɔ.nat/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɔ.nat/",
"tags": [
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"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔnat"
},
{
"homophone": "ponad-"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"pl:Ida Kurcz"
],
"word": "ponad"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Pages with entries",
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish entries with etymology trees",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish particles",
"Polish prepositions",
"Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Polish terms with homophones",
"Polish univerbations",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔnat",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔnat/2 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "ponadto"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
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"2": "af",
"3": "pl>po>preposition",
"4": "pl>nad>above",
"id": "above",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Balto-Slavic *pa\nProto-Slavic *po\nOld Polish po\nPolish po\nProto-Slavic *nadъ\nOld Polish nad\nPolish nad\nPolish ponad",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
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},
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},
{
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"2": "по́над"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian по́над (pónad)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1749"
},
"expansion": "1749",
"name": "etydate/the"
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{
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},
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "<span class=\"cited-source\">Paweł Kupiszewski (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">16.05.2019) “PONAD”, in <cite>Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku</cite> [<cite>Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century</cite>]</span></span>"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ref"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Balto-Slavic *pa\nProto-Slavic *po\nOld Polish po\nPolish po\nProto-Slavic *nadъ\nOld Polish nad\nPolish nad\nPolish ponad\nUniverbation of po + nad. Compare Kashubian pònad and Ukrainian по́над (pónad). First attested in 1749.",
"forms": [
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"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
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"2": "prep"
},
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}
],
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],
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"lang_code": "pl",
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"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "In summer, the sun shines high above the mountains.",
"text": "Latem słońce świeci wysoko ponad górami.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"denotes location; above, over"
],
"info_templates": [
{
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"1": "pl",
"2": "ins"
},
"expansion": "[with instrumental]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"instrumental"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"above",
"above"
],
[
"over",
"over"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"denotes location; above, over [with instrumental]"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "powyżej"
},
{
"word": "nad"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"denotes motion; to above, to over"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "acc"
},
"expansion": "[with accusative]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"accusative"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"above",
"above"
],
[
"over",
"over"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"denotes motion; to above, to over [with accusative]"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "powyżej"
},
{
"word": "nad"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I love it to death/more than life itself/more than anything in the world.",
"text": "Kocham to ponad życie.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"denotes highest degree of intensity of an action or state"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "acc"
},
"expansion": "[with accusative]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"accusative"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"raw_glosses": [
"denotes highest degree of intensity of an action or state [with accusative]"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "nad"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "This task is beyond my capabilities.",
"text": "Zadanie to jest ponad moje umiejętności.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "She puts her career above all else.",
"text": "Ona przedkłada swoją karierę ponad wszystko.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"above, beyond"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "acc"
},
"expansion": "[with accusative]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"accusative"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"above",
"above"
],
[
"beyond",
"beyond"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"above, beyond [with accusative]"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɔ.nat/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɔ.nat/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔnat"
},
{
"homophone": "ponad-"
}
],
"word": "ponad"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish entries with etymology trees",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish particles",
"Polish prepositions",
"Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Polish terms with homophones",
"Polish univerbations",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔnat",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔnat/2 syllables"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "af",
"3": "pl>po>preposition",
"4": "pl>nad>above",
"id": "above",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Balto-Slavic *pa\nProto-Slavic *po\nOld Polish po\nPolish po\nProto-Slavic *nadъ\nOld Polish nad\nPolish nad\nPolish ponad",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "po",
"3": "nad"
},
"expansion": "Univerbation of po + nad",
"name": "univ"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "pònad"
},
"expansion": "Kashubian pònad",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "по́над"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian по́над (pónad)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1749"
},
"expansion": "1749",
"name": "etydate/the"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1749"
},
"expansion": "First attested in 1749",
"name": "etydate"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "<span class=\"cited-source\">Paweł Kupiszewski (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">16.05.2019) “PONAD”, in <cite>Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku</cite> [<cite>Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century</cite>]</span></span>"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ref"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Balto-Slavic *pa\nProto-Slavic *po\nOld Polish po\nPolish po\nProto-Slavic *nadъ\nOld Polish nad\nPolish nad\nPolish ponad\nUniverbation of po + nad. Compare Kashubian pònad and Ukrainian по́над (pónad). First attested in 1749.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ponade",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "particle"
},
"expansion": "ponad",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"po‧nad"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "particle",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I have worked here for over two decades.",
"text": "Pracuję tu ponad dwie dekady.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"over, more than"
],
"links": [
[
"over",
"over"
],
[
"more",
"more"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "przeszło"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɔ.nat/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɔ.nat/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔnat"
},
{
"homophone": "ponad-"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"pl:Ida Kurcz"
],
"word": "ponad"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ponad meaning in Polish (7.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-21 using wiktextract (fef8596 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.