See ponad on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "ponadto"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "po",
"3": "nad"
},
"expansion": "Univerbation of po + nad",
"name": "univ"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "pònad"
},
"expansion": "Kashubian pònad",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "по́над"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian по́над (pónad)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1749"
},
"expansion": "1749",
"name": "etydate/the"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1749"
},
"expansion": "First attested in 1749",
"name": "etydate"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "<span class=\"cited-source\">Paweł Kupiszewski (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">16.05.2019) “PONAD”, in <cite>Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku</cite> [<cite>Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century</cite>]</span></span>"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ref"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Univerbation of po + nad. Compare Kashubian pònad and Ukrainian по́над (pónad). First attested in 1749.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "prep"
},
"expansion": "ponad",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"po‧nad"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 33 28 23 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 31 29 28 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 29 26 25 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 26 24 25 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish particles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 26 24 25 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 26 24 25 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish univerbations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "In summer, the sun shines high above the mountains.",
"text": "Latem słońce świeci wysoko ponad górami.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"denotes location; above, over"
],
"id": "en-ponad-pl-prep-867k9fAj",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "ins"
},
"expansion": "[with instrumental]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"instrumental"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"above",
"above"
],
[
"over",
"over"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"denotes location; above, over [with instrumental]"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "powyżej"
},
{
"word": "nad"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 33 28 23 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 31 29 28 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 29 26 25 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 26 24 25 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish particles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 26 24 25 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 26 24 25 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish univerbations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"denotes motion; to above, to over"
],
"id": "en-ponad-pl-prep-8Cpe1IO0",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "acc"
},
"expansion": "[with accusative]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"accusative"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"above",
"above"
],
[
"over",
"over"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"denotes motion; to above, to over [with accusative]"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "powyżej"
},
{
"word": "nad"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 33 28 23 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 31 29 28 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 29 26 25 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 26 24 25 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish particles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 26 24 25 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 26 24 25 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish univerbations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I love it to death/more than life itself/more than anything in the world.",
"text": "Kocham to ponad życie.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"denotes highest degree of intensity of an action or state"
],
"id": "en-ponad-pl-prep-FUR-2nDx",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "acc"
},
"expansion": "[with accusative]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"accusative"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"raw_glosses": [
"denotes highest degree of intensity of an action or state [with accusative]"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "nad"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 33 28 23 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 31 29 28 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 29 26 25 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 26 24 25 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish particles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 26 24 25 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 26 24 25 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish univerbations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "This task is beyond my capabilities.",
"text": "Zadanie to jest ponad moje umiejętności.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "She puts her career above all else.",
"text": "Ona przedkłada swoją karierę ponad wszystko.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"above, beyond"
],
"id": "en-ponad-pl-prep-SSsuq15W",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "acc"
},
"expansion": "[with accusative]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"accusative"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"above",
"above"
],
[
"beyond",
"beyond"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"above, beyond [with accusative]"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɔ.nat/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɔ.nat/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔnat"
},
{
"homophone": "ponad-"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "before certain pronouns",
"word": "ponade"
}
],
"word": "ponad"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "po",
"3": "nad"
},
"expansion": "Univerbation of po + nad",
"name": "univ"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "pònad"
},
"expansion": "Kashubian pònad",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "по́над"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian по́над (pónad)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1749"
},
"expansion": "1749",
"name": "etydate/the"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1749"
},
"expansion": "First attested in 1749",
"name": "etydate"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "<span class=\"cited-source\">Paweł Kupiszewski (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">16.05.2019) “PONAD”, in <cite>Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku</cite> [<cite>Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century</cite>]</span></span>"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ref"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Univerbation of po + nad. Compare Kashubian pònad and Ukrainian по́над (pónad). First attested in 1749.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "particle"
},
"expansion": "ponad",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"po‧nad"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "particle",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "10 26 24 25 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I have worked here for over two decades.",
"text": "Pracuję tu ponad dwie dekady.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"over, more than"
],
"id": "en-ponad-pl-particle-RfcjIrMq",
"links": [
[
"over",
"over"
],
[
"more",
"more"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "przeszło"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɔ.nat/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɔ.nat/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔnat"
},
{
"homophone": "ponad-"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "before certain pronouns",
"word": "ponade"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"pl:Ida Kurcz"
],
"word": "ponad"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish particles",
"Polish prepositions",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Polish terms with homophones",
"Polish univerbations",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔnat",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔnat/2 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "ponadto"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "po",
"3": "nad"
},
"expansion": "Univerbation of po + nad",
"name": "univ"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "pònad"
},
"expansion": "Kashubian pònad",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "по́над"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian по́над (pónad)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1749"
},
"expansion": "1749",
"name": "etydate/the"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1749"
},
"expansion": "First attested in 1749",
"name": "etydate"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "<span class=\"cited-source\">Paweł Kupiszewski (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">16.05.2019) “PONAD”, in <cite>Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku</cite> [<cite>Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century</cite>]</span></span>"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ref"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Univerbation of po + nad. Compare Kashubian pònad and Ukrainian по́над (pónad). First attested in 1749.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "prep"
},
"expansion": "ponad",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"po‧nad"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "In summer, the sun shines high above the mountains.",
"text": "Latem słońce świeci wysoko ponad górami.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"denotes location; above, over"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "ins"
},
"expansion": "[with instrumental]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"instrumental"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"above",
"above"
],
[
"over",
"over"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"denotes location; above, over [with instrumental]"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "powyżej"
},
{
"word": "nad"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"denotes motion; to above, to over"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "acc"
},
"expansion": "[with accusative]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"accusative"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"above",
"above"
],
[
"over",
"over"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"denotes motion; to above, to over [with accusative]"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "powyżej"
},
{
"word": "nad"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I love it to death/more than life itself/more than anything in the world.",
"text": "Kocham to ponad życie.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"denotes highest degree of intensity of an action or state"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "acc"
},
"expansion": "[with accusative]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"accusative"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"raw_glosses": [
"denotes highest degree of intensity of an action or state [with accusative]"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "nad"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "This task is beyond my capabilities.",
"text": "Zadanie to jest ponad moje umiejętności.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "She puts her career above all else.",
"text": "Ona przedkłada swoją karierę ponad wszystko.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"above, beyond"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "acc"
},
"expansion": "[with accusative]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"accusative"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"above",
"above"
],
[
"beyond",
"beyond"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"above, beyond [with accusative]"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɔ.nat/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɔ.nat/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔnat"
},
{
"homophone": "ponad-"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "before certain pronouns",
"word": "ponade"
}
],
"word": "ponad"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish particles",
"Polish prepositions",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Polish terms with homophones",
"Polish univerbations",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔnat",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔnat/2 syllables"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "po",
"3": "nad"
},
"expansion": "Univerbation of po + nad",
"name": "univ"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "pònad"
},
"expansion": "Kashubian pònad",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "по́над"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian по́над (pónad)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1749"
},
"expansion": "1749",
"name": "etydate/the"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1749"
},
"expansion": "First attested in 1749",
"name": "etydate"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "<span class=\"cited-source\">Paweł Kupiszewski (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">16.05.2019) “PONAD”, in <cite>Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku</cite> [<cite>Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century</cite>]</span></span>"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ref"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Univerbation of po + nad. Compare Kashubian pònad and Ukrainian по́над (pónad). First attested in 1749.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "particle"
},
"expansion": "ponad",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"po‧nad"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "particle",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I have worked here for over two decades.",
"text": "Pracuję tu ponad dwie dekady.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"over, more than"
],
"links": [
[
"over",
"over"
],
[
"more",
"more"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "przeszło"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɔ.nat/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɔ.nat/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔnat"
},
{
"homophone": "ponad-"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "before certain pronouns",
"word": "ponade"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"pl:Ida Kurcz"
],
"word": "ponad"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ponad meaning in All languages combined (5.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (c15a5ce and 5c11237). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.