See pokalać in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "po-",
"3": "kalać"
},
"expansion": "po- + kalać",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From po- + kalać.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "perfective",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-conj-ap-am,asz",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pokalać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "pokalam",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pokalamy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pokalasz",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pokalacie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pokala",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pokalają",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pokala się",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"impersonal"
]
},
{
"form": "pokalałem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)m pokalał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pokalałam",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)m pokalała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pokalałom",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)m pokalało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pokalaliśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)śmy pokalali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "pokalałyśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)śmy pokalały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pokalałeś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ś pokalał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pokalałaś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ś pokalała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pokalałoś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ś pokalało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pokalaliście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ście pokalali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "pokalałyście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ście pokalały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pokalał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pokalała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pokalało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pokalali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "pokalały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pokalano",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"impersonal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "pokalałbym",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bym pokalał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pokalałabym",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bym pokalała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pokalałobym",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bym pokalało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pokalalibyśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "byśmy pokalali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "pokalałybyśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "byśmy pokalały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pokalałbyś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byś pokalał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pokalałabyś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byś pokalała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pokalałobyś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byś pokalało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pokalalibyście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "byście pokalali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "pokalałybyście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "byście pokalały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pokalałby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by pokalał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pokalałaby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by pokalała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pokalałoby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by pokalało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pokalaliby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "by pokalali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "pokalałyby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by pokalały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pokalano by",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"impersonal"
]
},
{
"form": "niech pokalam",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pokalajmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pokalaj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pokalajcie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "niech pokala",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "niech pokalają",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pokalany",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"masculine",
"participle",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pokalana",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"feminine",
"participle",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pokalane",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"neuter",
"participle",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pokalani",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"participle",
"passive",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "pokalane",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"nonvirile",
"participle",
"passive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pokalawszy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"anterior",
"participle"
]
},
{
"form": "pokalanie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pf"
},
"expansion": "pokalać pf",
"name": "pl-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"po‧ka‧lać"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pokala",
"2": "pp"
},
"name": "pl-conj-ap-am,asz"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pokalać",
"2": "pokalam",
"3": "pokala",
"4": "pokalają",
"5": "pokala",
"6": "pokala",
"7": "pokala",
"8": "pokalaj",
"ap": "pokalawszy",
"ip": "pokalano",
"pp": "pokalan",
"pp2": "pokalani",
"vn": "pokalanie"
},
"name": "pl-conj-ap"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish terms prefixed with po-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to dishonour, to disgrace"
],
"id": "en-pokalać-pl-verb-2Z8uDPVD",
"links": [
[
"dishonour",
"dishonour"
],
[
"disgrace",
"disgrace"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to dishonour, to disgrace"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "obrażać"
}
],
"tags": [
"perfective",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pɔˈka.lat͡ɕ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-alat͡ɕ"
}
],
"word": "pokalać"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "po-",
"3": "kalać"
},
"expansion": "po- + kalać",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From po- + kalać.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "perfective",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-conj-ap-am,asz",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pokalać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "pokalam",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pokalamy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pokalasz",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pokalacie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pokala",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pokalają",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pokala się",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"impersonal"
]
},
{
"form": "pokalałem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)m pokalał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pokalałam",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)m pokalała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pokalałom",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)m pokalało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pokalaliśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)śmy pokalali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "pokalałyśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)śmy pokalały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pokalałeś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ś pokalał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pokalałaś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ś pokalała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pokalałoś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ś pokalało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pokalaliście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ście pokalali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "pokalałyście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ście pokalały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pokalał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pokalała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pokalało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pokalali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "pokalały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pokalano",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"impersonal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "pokalałbym",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bym pokalał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pokalałabym",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bym pokalała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pokalałobym",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bym pokalało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pokalalibyśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "byśmy pokalali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "pokalałybyśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "byśmy pokalały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pokalałbyś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byś pokalał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pokalałabyś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byś pokalała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pokalałobyś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byś pokalało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pokalalibyście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "byście pokalali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "pokalałybyście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "byście pokalały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pokalałby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by pokalał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pokalałaby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by pokalała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pokalałoby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by pokalało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pokalaliby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "by pokalali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "pokalałyby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by pokalały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pokalano by",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"impersonal"
]
},
{
"form": "niech pokalam",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pokalajmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pokalaj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pokalajcie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "niech pokala",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "niech pokalają",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pokalany",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"masculine",
"participle",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pokalana",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"feminine",
"participle",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pokalane",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"neuter",
"participle",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pokalani",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"participle",
"passive",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "pokalane",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"nonvirile",
"participle",
"passive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pokalawszy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"anterior",
"participle"
]
},
{
"form": "pokalanie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pf"
},
"expansion": "pokalać pf",
"name": "pl-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"po‧ka‧lać"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pokala",
"2": "pp"
},
"name": "pl-conj-ap-am,asz"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pokalać",
"2": "pokalam",
"3": "pokala",
"4": "pokalają",
"5": "pokala",
"6": "pokala",
"7": "pokala",
"8": "pokalaj",
"ap": "pokalawszy",
"ip": "pokalano",
"pp": "pokalan",
"pp2": "pokalani",
"vn": "pokalanie"
},
"name": "pl-conj-ap"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 3-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish perfective verbs",
"Polish terms prefixed with po-",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio links",
"Polish transitive verbs",
"Polish verbs",
"Rhymes:Polish/alat͡ɕ",
"Rhymes:Polish/alat͡ɕ/3 syllables"
],
"glosses": [
"to dishonour, to disgrace"
],
"links": [
[
"dishonour",
"dishonour"
],
[
"disgrace",
"disgrace"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to dishonour, to disgrace"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "obrażać"
}
],
"tags": [
"perfective",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pɔˈka.lat͡ɕ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-alat͡ɕ"
}
],
"word": "pokalać"
}
Download raw JSONL data for pokalać meaning in Polish (9.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.