See per in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "la",
"3": "per"
},
"expansion": "Learned borrowing from Latin per",
"name": "lbor"
},
{
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"2": "d",
"3": "D"
},
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{
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{
"args": {
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"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *per",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*per",
"nocap": "1"
},
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"name": "der+"
},
{
"args": {
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"3": "D"
},
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{
"args": {
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},
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},
{
"args": {
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"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*per-",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *per-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*per-",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "derived from Proto-Indo-European *per-",
"name": "der+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Learned borrowing from Latin per, derived from Proto-Italic *per, derived from Proto-Indo-European *per-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "prep"
},
"expansion": "per",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"per"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"per"
]
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 37 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms adverbs from nouns"
],
"id": "en-per-pl-prep-~MmB~j-0",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "nom"
},
"expansion": "[with nominative]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"nominative"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary) forms adverbs from nouns [with nominative]"
],
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"adverb"
],
"word": "per analogiam"
},
{
"tags": [
"adverb"
],
"word": "per fas et nefas"
},
{
"tags": [
"adverb"
],
"word": "per pedes"
},
{
"tags": [
"adverb"
],
"word": "per pedes apostolorum"
},
{
"tags": [
"adverb"
],
"word": "per saldo"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "traktować per noga"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "potraktować per noga"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "traktować per nogam"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "potraktować per nogam"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "na"
}
],
"tags": [
"literary"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɛr/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛr"
}
],
"word": "per"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "la",
"3": "per"
},
"expansion": "Learned borrowing from Latin per",
"name": "lbor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1",
"2": "d",
"3": "D"
},
"expansion": "d",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
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},
{
"args": {
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"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *per",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*per",
"nocap": "1"
},
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"name": "der+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1",
"2": "d",
"3": "D"
},
"expansion": "d",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "derived terms",
"2": "derived"
},
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"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*per-",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *per-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*per-",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "derived from Proto-Indo-European *per-",
"name": "der+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Learned borrowing from Latin per, derived from Proto-Italic *per, derived from Proto-Indo-European *per-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "prep"
},
"expansion": "per",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"per"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"per"
]
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "prep",
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"adverb"
],
"word": "per analogiam"
},
{
"tags": [
"adverb"
],
"word": "per fas et nefas"
},
{
"tags": [
"adverb"
],
"word": "per pedes"
},
{
"tags": [
"adverb"
],
"word": "per pedes apostolorum"
},
{
"tags": [
"adverb"
],
"word": "per saldo"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "traktować per noga"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "potraktować per noga"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "traktować per nogam"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "potraktować per nogam"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 37 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish learned borrowings from Latin",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish literary terms",
"Polish prepositions",
"Polish terms borrowed from Latin",
"Polish terms derived from Latin",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɛr",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɛr/1 syllable"
],
"glosses": [
"forms adverbs from nouns"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "nom"
},
"expansion": "[with nominative]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"nominative"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary) forms adverbs from nouns [with nominative]"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "na"
}
],
"tags": [
"literary"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɛr/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛr"
}
],
"word": "per"
}
Download raw JSONL data for per meaning in Polish (2.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (d6fca27 and 65e1673). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.