"odczytywać" meaning in Polish

See odczytywać in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

IPA: /ɔt.t͡ʂɨˈtɨ.vat͡ɕ/
Rhymes: -ɨvat͡ɕ Etymology: From odczytać + -ywać. Etymology templates: {{af|pl|odczytać|-ywać}} odczytać + -ywać Head templates: {{pl-verb|impf|pf=odczytać}} odczytywać impf (perfective odczytać) Inflection templates: {{pl-conj-ai-uję|odczyt|pp|alt=y}}, {{pl-conj-ai|odczytywać|odczytuję|odczytuje|odczytują|odczytywa|odczytywa|odczytywa|odczytuj|ip=odczytywano|pp=odczytywan|pp2=odczytywani|vn=odczytywanie}} Forms: odczytać [perfective], imperfective [table-tags], odczytywać [infinitive], odczytuję [present, singular], odczytujemy [plural, present], odczytujesz [present, singular], odczytujecie [plural, present], odczytuje [present, singular, third-person], odczytują [plural, present, third-person], odczytuje się [impersonal, present], odczytywałem [masculine, past, singular], -(e)m odczytywał [masculine, past, singular], odczytywałam [feminine, past, singular], -(e)m odczytywała [feminine, past, singular], odczytywałom [neuter, past, singular], -(e)m odczytywało [neuter, past, singular], odczytywaliśmy [past, plural, virile], -(e)śmy odczytywali [past, plural, virile], odczytywałyśmy [nonvirile, past, plural], -(e)śmy odczytywały [nonvirile, past, plural], odczytywałeś [masculine, past, singular], -(e)ś odczytywał [masculine, past, singular], odczytywałaś [feminine, past, singular], -(e)ś odczytywała [feminine, past, singular], odczytywałoś [neuter, past, singular], -(e)ś odczytywało [neuter, past, singular], odczytywaliście [past, plural, virile], -(e)ście odczytywali [past, plural, virile], odczytywałyście [nonvirile, past, plural], -(e)ście odczytywały [nonvirile, past, plural], odczytywał [masculine, past, singular, third-person], odczytywała [feminine, past, singular, third-person], odczytywało [neuter, past, singular, third-person], odczytywali [past, plural, third-person, virile], odczytywały [nonvirile, past, plural, third-person], odczytywano [impersonal, past], będę odczytywał [future, masculine, singular], będę odczytywać [future, masculine, singular], będę odczytywała [feminine, future, singular], będę odczytywać [feminine, future, singular], będę odczytywało [future, neuter, singular], będę odczytywać [future, neuter, singular], będziemy odczytywali [future, plural, virile], będziemy odczytywać [future, plural, virile], będziemy odczytywały [future, nonvirile, plural], będziemy odczytywać [future, nonvirile, plural], będziesz odczytywał [future, masculine, singular], będziesz odczytywać [future, masculine, singular], będziesz odczytywała [feminine, future, singular], będziesz odczytywać [feminine, future, singular], będziesz odczytywało [future, neuter, singular], będziesz odczytywać [future, neuter, singular], będziecie odczytywali [future, plural, virile], będziecie odczytywać [future, plural, virile], będziecie odczytywały [future, nonvirile, plural], będziecie odczytywać [future, nonvirile, plural], będzie odczytywał [future, masculine, singular, third-person], będzie odczytywać [future, masculine, singular, third-person], będzie odczytywała [feminine, future, singular, third-person], będzie odczytywać [feminine, future, singular, third-person], będzie odczytywało [future, neuter, singular, third-person], będzie odczytywać [future, neuter, singular, third-person], będą odczytywali [future, plural, third-person, virile], będą odczytywać [future, plural, third-person, virile], będą odczytywały [future, nonvirile, plural, third-person], będą odczytywać [future, nonvirile, plural, third-person], będzie odczytywać się [future, impersonal], odczytywałbym [conditional, masculine, singular], bym odczytywał [conditional, masculine, singular], odczytywałabym [conditional, feminine, singular], bym odczytywała [conditional, feminine, singular], odczytywałobym [conditional, neuter, singular], bym odczytywało [conditional, neuter, singular], odczytywalibyśmy [conditional, plural, virile], byśmy odczytywali [conditional, plural, virile], odczytywałybyśmy [conditional, nonvirile, plural], byśmy odczytywały [conditional, nonvirile, plural], odczytywałbyś [conditional, masculine, singular], byś odczytywał [conditional, masculine, singular], odczytywałabyś [conditional, feminine, singular], byś odczytywała [conditional, feminine, singular], odczytywałobyś [conditional, neuter, singular], byś odczytywało [conditional, neuter, singular], odczytywalibyście [conditional, plural, virile], byście odczytywali [conditional, plural, virile], odczytywałybyście [conditional, nonvirile, plural], byście odczytywały [conditional, nonvirile, plural], odczytywałby [conditional, masculine, singular, third-person], by odczytywał [conditional, masculine, singular, third-person], odczytywałaby [conditional, feminine, singular, third-person], by odczytywała [conditional, feminine, singular, third-person], odczytywałoby [conditional, neuter, singular, third-person], by odczytywało [conditional, neuter, singular, third-person], odczytywaliby [conditional, plural, third-person, virile], by odczytywali [conditional, plural, third-person, virile], odczytywałyby [conditional, nonvirile, plural, third-person], by odczytywały [conditional, nonvirile, plural, third-person], odczytywano by [conditional, impersonal], niech odczytuję [imperative, singular], odczytujmy [imperative, plural], odczytuj [imperative, singular], odczytujcie [imperative, plural], niech odczytuje [imperative, singular, third-person], niech odczytują [imperative, plural, third-person], odczytujący [active, adjectival, masculine, participle, singular], odczytująca [active, adjectival, feminine, participle, singular], odczytujące [active, adjectival, neuter, participle, singular], odczytujący [active, adjectival, participle, plural, virile], odczytujące [active, adjectival, nonvirile, participle, plural], odczytywany [adjectival, masculine, participle, passive, singular], odczytywana [adjectival, feminine, participle, passive, singular], odczytywane [adjectival, neuter, participle, passive, singular], odczytywani [adjectival, participle, passive, plural, virile], odczytywane [adjectival, nonvirile, participle, passive, plural], odczytując [adjectival, contemporary, participle], odczytywanie [noun-from-verb]
  1. (transitive) to read out, to read aloud Tags: imperfective, transitive
    Sense id: en-odczytywać-pl-verb-288LSI9o Categories (other): Polish entries with incorrect language header, Polish terms suffixed with -ywać Disambiguation of Polish entries with incorrect language header: 70 23 7 Disambiguation of Polish terms suffixed with -ywać: 65 23 12
  2. (transitive) to interpret, to decipher Tags: imperfective, transitive
    Sense id: en-odczytywać-pl-verb-iFCA3PaC
  3. (transitive) to read (e.g. a measurement), to take a reading Tags: imperfective, transitive
    Sense id: en-odczytywać-pl-verb-AZjWNbxX

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for odczytywać meaning in Polish (13.8kB)

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "odczytać",
        "3": "-ywać"
      },
      "expansion": "odczytać + -ywać",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From odczytać + -ywać.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "odczytać",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfective",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pl-conj-ai-uję",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytywać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytuję",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytujemy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytujesz",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytujecie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytuje",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytują",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytuje się",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytywałem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m odczytywał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytywałam",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m odczytywała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytywałom",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m odczytywało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytywaliśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)śmy odczytywali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytywałyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)śmy odczytywały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytywałeś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś odczytywał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytywałaś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś odczytywała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytywałoś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś odczytywało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytywaliście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ście odczytywali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytywałyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ście odczytywały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytywał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytywała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytywało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytywali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytywały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytywano",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę odczytywał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę odczytywać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę odczytywała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę odczytywać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę odczytywało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę odczytywać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy odczytywali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy odczytywać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy odczytywały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy odczytywać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz odczytywał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz odczytywać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz odczytywała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz odczytywać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz odczytywało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz odczytywać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie odczytywali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie odczytywać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie odczytywały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie odczytywać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie odczytywał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie odczytywać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie odczytywała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie odczytywać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie odczytywało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie odczytywać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą odczytywali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą odczytywać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą odczytywały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą odczytywać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie odczytywać się",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "impersonal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytywałbym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym odczytywał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytywałabym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym odczytywała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytywałobym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym odczytywało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytywalibyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byśmy odczytywali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytywałybyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byśmy odczytywały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytywałbyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś odczytywał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytywałabyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś odczytywała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytywałobyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś odczytywało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytywalibyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byście odczytywali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytywałybyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byście odczytywały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytywałby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by odczytywał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytywałaby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by odczytywała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytywałoby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by odczytywało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytywaliby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by odczytywali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytywałyby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by odczytywały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytywano by",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "impersonal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech odczytuję",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytujmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytuj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytujcie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech odczytuje",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech odczytują",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytujący",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytująca",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "feminine",
        "participle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytujące",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "neuter",
        "participle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytujący",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "participle",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytujące",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "nonvirile",
        "participle",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytywany",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytywana",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "feminine",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytywane",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "neuter",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytywani",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytywane",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "nonvirile",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytując",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "contemporary",
        "participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytywanie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "impf",
        "pf": "odczytać"
      },
      "expansion": "odczytywać impf (perfective odczytać)",
      "name": "pl-verb"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "od‧czy‧ty‧wać"
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "odczyt",
        "2": "pp",
        "alt": "y"
      },
      "name": "pl-conj-ai-uję"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "odczytywać",
        "2": "odczytuję",
        "3": "odczytuje",
        "4": "odczytują",
        "5": "odczytywa",
        "6": "odczytywa",
        "7": "odczytywa",
        "8": "odczytuj",
        "ip": "odczytywano",
        "pp": "odczytywan",
        "pp2": "odczytywani",
        "vn": "odczytywanie"
      },
      "name": "pl-conj-ai"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "70 23 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "65 23 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish terms suffixed with -ywać",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to read out, to read aloud"
      ],
      "id": "en-odczytywać-pl-verb-288LSI9o",
      "links": [
        [
          "read out",
          "read out"
        ],
        [
          "aloud",
          "aloud"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to read out, to read aloud"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "to interpret, to decipher"
      ],
      "id": "en-odczytywać-pl-verb-iFCA3PaC",
      "links": [
        [
          "interpret",
          "interpret"
        ],
        [
          "decipher",
          "decipher"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to interpret, to decipher"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "to read (e.g. a measurement), to take a reading"
      ],
      "id": "en-odczytywać-pl-verb-AZjWNbxX",
      "links": [
        [
          "read",
          "read"
        ],
        [
          "reading",
          "reading"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to read (e.g. a measurement), to take a reading"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɔt.t͡ʂɨˈtɨ.vat͡ɕ/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɨvat͡ɕ"
    }
  ],
  "word": "odczytywać"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Polish 4-syllable words",
    "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Polish imperfective verbs",
    "Polish lemmas",
    "Polish terms suffixed with -ywać",
    "Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Polish terms with audio links",
    "Polish verbs",
    "Rhymes:Polish/ɨvat͡ɕ",
    "Rhymes:Polish/ɨvat͡ɕ/4 syllables"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "odczytać",
        "3": "-ywać"
      },
      "expansion": "odczytać + -ywać",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From odczytać + -ywać.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "odczytać",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfective",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pl-conj-ai-uję",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytywać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytuję",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytujemy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytujesz",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytujecie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytuje",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytują",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytuje się",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytywałem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m odczytywał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytywałam",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m odczytywała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytywałom",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m odczytywało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytywaliśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)śmy odczytywali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytywałyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)śmy odczytywały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytywałeś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś odczytywał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytywałaś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś odczytywała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytywałoś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś odczytywało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytywaliście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ście odczytywali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytywałyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ście odczytywały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytywał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytywała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytywało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytywali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytywały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytywano",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę odczytywał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę odczytywać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę odczytywała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę odczytywać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę odczytywało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę odczytywać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy odczytywali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy odczytywać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy odczytywały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy odczytywać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz odczytywał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz odczytywać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz odczytywała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz odczytywać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz odczytywało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz odczytywać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie odczytywali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie odczytywać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie odczytywały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie odczytywać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie odczytywał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie odczytywać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie odczytywała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie odczytywać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie odczytywało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie odczytywać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą odczytywali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą odczytywać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą odczytywały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą odczytywać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie odczytywać się",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "impersonal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytywałbym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym odczytywał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytywałabym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym odczytywała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytywałobym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym odczytywało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytywalibyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byśmy odczytywali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytywałybyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byśmy odczytywały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytywałbyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś odczytywał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytywałabyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś odczytywała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytywałobyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś odczytywało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytywalibyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byście odczytywali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytywałybyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byście odczytywały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytywałby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by odczytywał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytywałaby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by odczytywała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytywałoby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by odczytywało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytywaliby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by odczytywali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytywałyby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by odczytywały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytywano by",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "impersonal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech odczytuję",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytujmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytuj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytujcie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech odczytuje",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech odczytują",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytujący",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytująca",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "feminine",
        "participle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytujące",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "neuter",
        "participle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytujący",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "participle",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytujące",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "nonvirile",
        "participle",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytywany",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytywana",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "feminine",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytywane",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "neuter",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytywani",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytywane",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "nonvirile",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytując",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "contemporary",
        "participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "odczytywanie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "impf",
        "pf": "odczytać"
      },
      "expansion": "odczytywać impf (perfective odczytać)",
      "name": "pl-verb"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "od‧czy‧ty‧wać"
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "odczyt",
        "2": "pp",
        "alt": "y"
      },
      "name": "pl-conj-ai-uję"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "odczytywać",
        "2": "odczytuję",
        "3": "odczytuje",
        "4": "odczytują",
        "5": "odczytywa",
        "6": "odczytywa",
        "7": "odczytywa",
        "8": "odczytuj",
        "ip": "odczytywano",
        "pp": "odczytywan",
        "pp2": "odczytywani",
        "vn": "odczytywanie"
      },
      "name": "pl-conj-ai"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Polish transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to read out, to read aloud"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "read out",
          "read out"
        ],
        [
          "aloud",
          "aloud"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to read out, to read aloud"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Polish transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to interpret, to decipher"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "interpret",
          "interpret"
        ],
        [
          "decipher",
          "decipher"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to interpret, to decipher"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Polish transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to read (e.g. a measurement), to take a reading"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "read",
          "read"
        ],
        [
          "reading",
          "reading"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to read (e.g. a measurement), to take a reading"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɔt.t͡ʂɨˈtɨ.vat͡ɕ/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɨvat͡ɕ"
    }
  ],
  "word": "odczytywać"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-16 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e268c0e and 304864d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.