See kupa in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "z przewagą kupy"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "ine-pro",
"inh": "2"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*kupa",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *kupa",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*kupa"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kupa",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kupa.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kupka",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "kupcia",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "kupsko",
"tags": [
"augmentative"
]
},
{
"form": "kupowy",
"tags": [
"adjective"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kupa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kupy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kupy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kup",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kupie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kupom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kupę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kupy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kupą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kupami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kupie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kupach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kupo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kupy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"adj": "kupowy",
"aug": "kupsko",
"dim": "kupka",
"dim2": "kupcia"
},
"expansion": "kupa f (diminutive kupka or kupcia, augmentative kupsko, related adjective kupowy)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ku‧pa"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ku",
"2": "p"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-f"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 34 3 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "65 23 2 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "69 20 2 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "69 20 2 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "55 14 11 20",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Collectives",
"orig": "pl:Collectives",
"parents": [
"Miscellaneous",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"heap"
],
"id": "en-kupa-pl-noun-EDo2DyhR",
"links": [
[
"heap",
"heap"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Przemyśl Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "7 90 1 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Feces",
"orig": "pl:Feces",
"parents": [
"Body",
"Toilet (room)",
"All topics",
"Hygiene",
"Rooms",
"Fundamental",
"Health",
"Buildings and structures",
"Architecture",
"Applied sciences",
"Art",
"Sciences",
"Culture",
"Society"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "There was a dog turd on the sidewalk.",
"text": "Na chodniku leżała psia kupa.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"poo, poop, turd"
],
"id": "en-kupa-pl-noun-o6kxJ4du",
"links": [
[
"poo",
"poo"
],
[
"poop",
"poop"
],
[
"turd",
"turd"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial or dialectal, Przemyśl) poo, poop, turd"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kupa"
}
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"dialectal",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Przemyśl Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(…) you could distinguish foreign soldiers, paesants, women pulled by raytars and men defending themselves in disorganized groups.",
"ref": "1886, Henryk Sienkiewicz, Potop, volume 1:",
"text": "[…] można było odróżnić obcych żołnierzy, wieśniaków, niewiasty ciągnione przez rajtarów i broniących się bezładnymi kupami mężów.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"group, crowd"
],
"id": "en-kupa-pl-noun-QL8Dr2Jt",
"links": [
[
"group",
"group"
],
[
"crowd",
"crowd"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial or dialectal, Przemyśl) group, crowd"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"dialectal",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Biecz Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Far Masovian Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Kielce Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a lot"
],
"id": "en-kupa-pl-noun-zEIeGBOf",
"links": [
[
"a lot",
"a lot"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial or dialectal, Far Masovian, Kielce, Biecz) a lot"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"dialectal",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈku.pa/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈku.pa/",
"note": "Far Masovian"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈku.pa/",
"note": "Kielce"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈku.pa/",
"note": "Biecz"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈku.pa]",
"note": "Przemyśl"
},
{
"rhymes": "-upa"
}
],
"word": "kupa"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 13 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish feminine nouns",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/upa",
"Rhymes:Polish/upa/2 syllables",
"Rhymes:Upper Sorbian/upa",
"Rhymes:Upper Sorbian/upa/2 syllables",
"Upper Sorbian entries with incorrect language header",
"Upper Sorbian non-lemma forms",
"Upper Sorbian noun forms",
"Upper Sorbian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"pl:Collectives",
"pl:Feces"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "z przewagą kupy"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "ine-pro",
"inh": "2"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*kupa",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *kupa",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*kupa"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kupa",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kupa.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kupka",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "kupcia",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "kupsko",
"tags": [
"augmentative"
]
},
{
"form": "kupowy",
"tags": [
"adjective"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kupa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kupy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kupy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kup",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kupie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kupom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kupę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kupy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kupą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kupami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kupie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kupach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kupo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kupy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"adj": "kupowy",
"aug": "kupsko",
"dim": "kupka",
"dim2": "kupcia"
},
"expansion": "kupa f (diminutive kupka or kupcia, augmentative kupsko, related adjective kupowy)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ku‧pa"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ku",
"2": "p"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-f"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"heap"
],
"links": [
[
"heap",
"heap"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish colloquialisms",
"Polish dialectal terms",
"Polish terms with usage examples",
"Przemyśl Polish"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "There was a dog turd on the sidewalk.",
"text": "Na chodniku leżała psia kupa.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"poo, poop, turd"
],
"links": [
[
"poo",
"poo"
],
[
"poop",
"poop"
],
[
"turd",
"turd"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial or dialectal, Przemyśl) poo, poop, turd"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kupa"
}
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"dialectal",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish colloquialisms",
"Polish dialectal terms",
"Polish terms with quotations",
"Przemyśl Polish"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(…) you could distinguish foreign soldiers, paesants, women pulled by raytars and men defending themselves in disorganized groups.",
"ref": "1886, Henryk Sienkiewicz, Potop, volume 1:",
"text": "[…] można było odróżnić obcych żołnierzy, wieśniaków, niewiasty ciągnione przez rajtarów i broniących się bezładnymi kupami mężów.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"group, crowd"
],
"links": [
[
"group",
"group"
],
[
"crowd",
"crowd"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial or dialectal, Przemyśl) group, crowd"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"dialectal",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Biecz Polish",
"Far Masovian Polish",
"Kielce Polish",
"Polish colloquialisms",
"Polish dialectal terms"
],
"glosses": [
"a lot"
],
"links": [
[
"a lot",
"a lot"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial or dialectal, Far Masovian, Kielce, Biecz) a lot"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"dialectal",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈku.pa/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈku.pa/",
"note": "Far Masovian"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈku.pa/",
"note": "Kielce"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈku.pa/",
"note": "Biecz"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈku.pa]",
"note": "Przemyśl"
},
{
"rhymes": "-upa"
}
],
"word": "kupa"
}
Download raw JSONL data for kupa meaning in Polish (5.2kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: colloquial or dialectal, Przemyśl",
"path": [
"kupa"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "kupa",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: colloquial or dialectal, Przemyśl",
"path": [
"kupa"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "kupa",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: colloquial or dialectal, Przemyśl",
"path": [
"kupa"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "kupa",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: colloquial or dialectal, Przemyśl",
"path": [
"kupa"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "kupa",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: colloquial or dialectal, Far Masovian, Kielce, Biecz",
"path": [
"kupa"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "kupa",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: colloquial or dialectal, Far Masovian, Kielce, Biecz",
"path": [
"kupa"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "kupa",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: colloquial or dialectal, Far Masovian, Kielce, Biecz",
"path": [
"kupa"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "kupa",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: colloquial or dialectal, Far Masovian, Kielce, Biecz",
"path": [
"kupa"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "kupa",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: colloquial or dialectal, Far Masovian, Kielce, Biecz",
"path": [
"kupa"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "kupa",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: colloquial or dialectal, Far Masovian, Kielce, Biecz",
"path": [
"kupa"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "kupa",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-02 using wiktextract (db0bec0 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.