See kultura in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "kulturalny"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "agrokultura"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "akwakultura"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "antropolog kultury"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "kultura fizyczna"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "kultura masowa"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "kùltura"
},
"expansion": "Kashubian: kùltura",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kashubian: kùltura"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "kultura"
},
"expansion": "Silesian: kultura",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Silesian: kultura"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl"
},
"expansion": "Internationalism",
"name": "intnat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "de",
"3": "Kultur",
"nocap": "1",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "borrowed from German Kultur",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "fr",
"3": "culture",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "French culture",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "la",
"3": "cultūra"
},
"expansion": "Latin cultūra",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1732"
},
"expansion": "1732",
"name": "etydate/the"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1732"
},
"expansion": "First attested in 1732",
"name": "etydate"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "<span class=\"cited-source\">Franciszek Gościecki (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">1732) Jadwiga Sokołowska, Kazimiera Żukowska, editors, <cite>Poeci polskiego Baroku</cite> (in Polish), volume 2, published 1965, POSELSTWO WIELKIE JAŚNIE WIELMOŻNEGO STANISŁAWA CHOMENTOWSKIEGO WOJEWODY MAZOWIECKIEGO OD NAJAŚNIEJSZEGO AUGUSTA II, KRÓLA POLSKIEGO, KSIĄŻĘCIA SASKIEGO..., page 461:</span> “<span class=\"Latn e-quotation cited-passage\" lang=\"pl\">Większą pilność mają Grecy i cudzoziemcy, którzy tu mieszkają, Koło tego, albowiem jeden nad drugiego Przesadza się w kulturze wirydarza swego.</span>”</span>"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ref"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Internationalism; possibly borrowed from German Kultur or French culture, ultimately from Latin cultūra. First attested in 1732.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kulturka",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "kulturowy",
"tags": [
"adjective"
]
},
{
"form": "kult.",
"tags": [
"abbreviation"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kultura",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kultury",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kultury",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kultur",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kulturze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kulturom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kulturę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kultury",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kulturą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kulturami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kulturze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kulturach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kulturo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kultury",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"abbr": "kult.",
"adj": "kulturowy",
"dim": "kulturka"
},
"expansion": "kultura f (diminutive kulturka, related adjective kulturowy, abbreviation kult.)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"kul‧tu‧ra"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-f"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "akulturacyjny"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "kulturowo"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "akulturacja"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "kulturowość"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"culture (the arts, customs, lifestyles, background, and habits that characterize humankind, or a particular society or nation)"
],
"id": "en-kultura-pl-noun-LPoI8BVM",
"links": [
[
"culture",
"culture#English:_customs"
],
[
"art",
"art"
],
[
"custom",
"custom"
],
[
"lifestyle",
"lifestyle"
],
[
"background",
"background"
],
[
"habit",
"habit"
],
[
"characterize",
"characterize"
],
[
"humankind",
"humankind"
],
[
"society",
"society"
],
[
"nation",
"nation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable) culture (the arts, customs, lifestyles, background, and habits that characterize humankind, or a particular society or nation)"
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"culture (the beliefs, values, behaviour, and material objects that constitute a people's way of life)"
],
"id": "en-kultura-pl-noun-lTtkjzMa",
"links": [
[
"culture",
"culture#English:_beliefs"
],
[
"belief",
"belief"
],
[
"value",
"value"
],
[
"behaviour",
"behaviour"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable) culture (the beliefs, values, behaviour, and material objects that constitute a people's way of life)"
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"skill level (level of knowledge or ability in a given field)"
],
"id": "en-kultura-pl-noun-06Z9gYYD",
"links": [
[
"skill",
"skill"
],
[
"level",
"level"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable) skill level (level of knowledge or ability in a given field)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"culture (the conventional conducts and ideologies of a community; the system comprising the accepted norms and values of a society)"
],
"id": "en-kultura-pl-noun-Ebmt4P3N",
"links": [
[
"culture",
"culture#English:_conventions"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable) culture (the conventional conducts and ideologies of a community; the system comprising the accepted norms and values of a society)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "obycie"
},
{
"word": "ogłada"
},
{
"word": "okrzesanie"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Microbiology",
"orig": "pl:Microbiology",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"culture (the process of growing a bacterial or other biological entity in an artificial medium)"
],
"id": "en-kultura-pl-noun-CCfuZS6j",
"links": [
[
"microbiology",
"microbiology"
],
[
"culture",
"culture#English:_microbiology"
],
[
"growing",
"growing"
],
[
"bacterial",
"bacterial"
],
[
"biological",
"biological"
],
[
"medium",
"medium"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable, microbiology) culture (the process of growing a bacterial or other biological entity in an artificial medium)"
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"microbiology",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Agriculture",
"orig": "pl:Agriculture",
"parents": [
"Applied sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Botany",
"orig": "pl:Botany",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "15 16 0 15 16 22 0 15",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Culture",
"orig": "pl:Culture",
"parents": [
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"culture (cultivation)"
],
"id": "en-kultura-pl-noun-hmSqFr3G",
"links": [
[
"botany",
"botany"
],
[
"agriculture",
"agriculture"
],
[
"culture",
"culture#English:_botany"
],
[
"cultivation",
"cultivation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable, botany, agriculture) culture (cultivation)"
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"agriculture",
"biology",
"botany",
"business",
"lifestyle",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Agriculture",
"orig": "pl:Agriculture",
"parents": [
"Applied sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "2 2 0 1 3 0 1 22 22 4 5 3 3 2 3 12 3 0 0 0 4 3 0 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 9 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 1 0 1 3 0 1 19 19 5 6 2 4 3 3 15 3 0 0 0 5 4 0 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 12 9 9 7 10 30 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 14 10 9 7 9 31 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish internationalisms",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 15 15 8 9 15 21 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 16 13 8 7 11 25 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 12 12 8 7 11 26 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"crops grown on a large field"
],
"id": "en-kultura-pl-noun-pSQffiOg",
"links": [
[
"agriculture",
"agriculture"
],
[
"crop",
"crop"
],
[
"field",
"field"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable, agriculture) crops grown on a large field"
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"agriculture",
"business",
"lifestyle"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Agriculture",
"orig": "pl:Agriculture",
"parents": [
"Applied sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"culture (structure of arable soil achieved as a result of agrotechnical treatments and rational management; also: these treatments and farming)"
],
"id": "en-kultura-pl-noun-GzdS3vGU",
"links": [
[
"agriculture",
"agriculture"
],
[
"culture",
"culture"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(agriculture) culture (structure of arable soil achieved as a result of agrotechnical treatments and rational management; also: these treatments and farming)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"agriculture",
"business",
"lifestyle"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kulˈtu.ra/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kulˈtu.ra/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ura"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"pl:Ida Kurcz",
"pl:Stanisław Dubisz"
],
"word": "kultura"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 3-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish feminine nouns",
"Polish internationalisms",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish terms derived from Latin",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/ura",
"Rhymes:Polish/ura/3 syllables",
"pl:Culture"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "kulturalny"
},
{
"word": "agrokultura"
},
{
"word": "akwakultura"
},
{
"word": "antropolog kultury"
},
{
"word": "kultura fizyczna"
},
{
"word": "kultura masowa"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "kùltura"
},
"expansion": "Kashubian: kùltura",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kashubian: kùltura"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "kultura"
},
"expansion": "Silesian: kultura",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Silesian: kultura"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl"
},
"expansion": "Internationalism",
"name": "intnat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "de",
"3": "Kultur",
"nocap": "1",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "borrowed from German Kultur",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "fr",
"3": "culture",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "French culture",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "la",
"3": "cultūra"
},
"expansion": "Latin cultūra",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1732"
},
"expansion": "1732",
"name": "etydate/the"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1732"
},
"expansion": "First attested in 1732",
"name": "etydate"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "<span class=\"cited-source\">Franciszek Gościecki (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">1732) Jadwiga Sokołowska, Kazimiera Żukowska, editors, <cite>Poeci polskiego Baroku</cite> (in Polish), volume 2, published 1965, POSELSTWO WIELKIE JAŚNIE WIELMOŻNEGO STANISŁAWA CHOMENTOWSKIEGO WOJEWODY MAZOWIECKIEGO OD NAJAŚNIEJSZEGO AUGUSTA II, KRÓLA POLSKIEGO, KSIĄŻĘCIA SASKIEGO..., page 461:</span> “<span class=\"Latn e-quotation cited-passage\" lang=\"pl\">Większą pilność mają Grecy i cudzoziemcy, którzy tu mieszkają, Koło tego, albowiem jeden nad drugiego Przesadza się w kulturze wirydarza swego.</span>”</span>"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ref"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Internationalism; possibly borrowed from German Kultur or French culture, ultimately from Latin cultūra. First attested in 1732.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kulturka",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "kulturowy",
"tags": [
"adjective"
]
},
{
"form": "kult.",
"tags": [
"abbreviation"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kultura",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kultury",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kultury",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kultur",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kulturze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kulturom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kulturę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kultury",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kulturą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kulturami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kulturze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kulturach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kulturo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kultury",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"abbr": "kult.",
"adj": "kulturowy",
"dim": "kulturka"
},
"expansion": "kultura f (diminutive kulturka, related adjective kulturowy, abbreviation kult.)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"kul‧tu‧ra"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-f"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "akulturacyjny"
},
{
"word": "kulturowo"
},
{
"word": "akulturacja"
},
{
"word": "kulturowość"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Polish countable nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"culture (the arts, customs, lifestyles, background, and habits that characterize humankind, or a particular society or nation)"
],
"links": [
[
"culture",
"culture#English:_customs"
],
[
"art",
"art"
],
[
"custom",
"custom"
],
[
"lifestyle",
"lifestyle"
],
[
"background",
"background"
],
[
"habit",
"habit"
],
[
"characterize",
"characterize"
],
[
"humankind",
"humankind"
],
[
"society",
"society"
],
[
"nation",
"nation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable) culture (the arts, customs, lifestyles, background, and habits that characterize humankind, or a particular society or nation)"
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish countable nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"culture (the beliefs, values, behaviour, and material objects that constitute a people's way of life)"
],
"links": [
[
"culture",
"culture#English:_beliefs"
],
[
"belief",
"belief"
],
[
"value",
"value"
],
[
"behaviour",
"behaviour"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable) culture (the beliefs, values, behaviour, and material objects that constitute a people's way of life)"
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish uncountable nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"skill level (level of knowledge or ability in a given field)"
],
"links": [
[
"skill",
"skill"
],
[
"level",
"level"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable) skill level (level of knowledge or ability in a given field)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish uncountable nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"culture (the conventional conducts and ideologies of a community; the system comprising the accepted norms and values of a society)"
],
"links": [
[
"culture",
"culture#English:_conventions"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable) culture (the conventional conducts and ideologies of a community; the system comprising the accepted norms and values of a society)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "obycie"
},
{
"word": "ogłada"
},
{
"word": "okrzesanie"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish countable nouns",
"pl:Microbiology"
],
"glosses": [
"culture (the process of growing a bacterial or other biological entity in an artificial medium)"
],
"links": [
[
"microbiology",
"microbiology"
],
[
"culture",
"culture#English:_microbiology"
],
[
"growing",
"growing"
],
[
"bacterial",
"bacterial"
],
[
"biological",
"biological"
],
[
"medium",
"medium"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable, microbiology) culture (the process of growing a bacterial or other biological entity in an artificial medium)"
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"microbiology",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish countable nouns",
"pl:Agriculture",
"pl:Botany"
],
"glosses": [
"culture (cultivation)"
],
"links": [
[
"botany",
"botany"
],
[
"agriculture",
"agriculture"
],
[
"culture",
"culture#English:_botany"
],
[
"cultivation",
"cultivation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable, botany, agriculture) culture (cultivation)"
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"agriculture",
"biology",
"botany",
"business",
"lifestyle",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish countable nouns",
"pl:Agriculture"
],
"glosses": [
"crops grown on a large field"
],
"links": [
[
"agriculture",
"agriculture"
],
[
"crop",
"crop"
],
[
"field",
"field"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable, agriculture) crops grown on a large field"
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"agriculture",
"business",
"lifestyle"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"pl:Agriculture"
],
"glosses": [
"culture (structure of arable soil achieved as a result of agrotechnical treatments and rational management; also: these treatments and farming)"
],
"links": [
[
"agriculture",
"agriculture"
],
[
"culture",
"culture"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(agriculture) culture (structure of arable soil achieved as a result of agrotechnical treatments and rational management; also: these treatments and farming)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"agriculture",
"business",
"lifestyle"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kulˈtu.ra/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kulˈtu.ra/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ura"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"pl:Ida Kurcz",
"pl:Stanisław Dubisz"
],
"word": "kultura"
}
Download raw JSONL data for kultura meaning in Polish (8.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (df33d17 and 4ed51a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.