See gula in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_text": "A variant of kula.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "gula f",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"gu‧la"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"bump (swelling on the skin caused by illness or injury)"
],
"id": "en-gula-pl-noun-xvVWMPtp",
"links": [
[
"bump",
"bump"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) bump (swelling on the skin caused by illness or injury)"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡu.la/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡu.la/",
"note": "Kuyavia"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡu.la/",
"note": "Central Greater Poland"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡu.la/",
"note": "Far Masovian"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ula"
},
{
"homophone": "Gula"
}
],
"word": "gula"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_text": "A variant of kula.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gularz",
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "gula",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "guli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "guli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "guli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "guli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"m": "gularz"
},
"expansion": "gula f (male equivalent gularz)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"gu‧la"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"genp": "guli/gul"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-f"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Kuyavian Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Poznań Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Urban Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "14 12 65 9",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Female animals",
"orig": "pl:Female animals",
"parents": [
"Animals",
"Female",
"Lifeforms",
"Gender",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Biology",
"Psychology",
"Sociology",
"Fundamental",
"Nature",
"Sciences",
"Social sciences",
"Society"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 13 42 12",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Fowls",
"orig": "pl:Fowls",
"parents": [
"Birds",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 13 42 16",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Poultry",
"orig": "pl:Poultry",
"parents": [
"Birds",
"Livestock",
"Vertebrates",
"Agriculture",
"Animals",
"Chordates",
"Applied sciences",
"Lifeforms",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Alternative form: guła"
}
],
"glosses": [
"female turkey (bird)"
],
"id": "en-gula-pl-noun-CG5rCHjv",
"links": [
[
"turkey",
"turkey"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Poznań, Kuyavia) female turkey (bird)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "indyczka"
}
],
"tags": [
"Poznań",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡu.la/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡu.la/",
"note": "Kuyavia"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡu.la/",
"note": "Central Greater Poland"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡu.la/",
"note": "Far Masovian"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ula"
},
{
"homophone": "Gula"
}
],
"word": "gula"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_text": "A variant of kula.",
"hyphenation": [
"gu‧la"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "intj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Far Masovian Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "42 22 6 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "62 27 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "63 28 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "63 28 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to call turkeys"
],
"id": "en-gula-pl-intj-3aIdw-y9",
"links": [
[
"turkey",
"turkey#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Far Masovian) used to call turkeys"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "gulda"
},
{
"word": "gulu"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡu.la/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡu.la/",
"note": "Kuyavia"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡu.la/",
"note": "Central Greater Poland"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡu.la/",
"note": "Far Masovian"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ula"
},
{
"homophone": "Gula"
}
],
"word": "gula"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "m-anml"
},
"expansion": "gula m animal",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"gu‧la"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "34 18 7 42",
"kind": "topical",
"name": "Polish animal commands",
"parents": [
"Animal commands",
"Interjections",
"Communication",
"Lemmas",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "gul"
}
],
"glosses": [
"genitive/accusative singular of gul"
],
"id": "en-gula-pl-noun-B7n~RFyq",
"links": [
[
"gul",
"gul#Polish"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"animal-not-person",
"form-of",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡu.la/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡu.la/",
"note": "Kuyavia"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡu.la/",
"note": "Central Greater Poland"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡu.la/",
"note": "Far Masovian"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ula"
},
{
"homophone": "Gula"
}
],
"word": "gula"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 28 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish animal commands",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish feminine nouns",
"Polish interjections",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish non-lemma forms",
"Polish noun forms",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Polish terms with homophones",
"Rhymes:Polish/ula",
"Rhymes:Polish/ula/2 syllables",
"pl:Female animals",
"pl:Fowls",
"pl:Poultry"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_text": "A variant of kula.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "gula f",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"gu‧la"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Polish colloquialisms"
],
"glosses": [
"bump (swelling on the skin caused by illness or injury)"
],
"links": [
[
"bump",
"bump"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) bump (swelling on the skin caused by illness or injury)"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡu.la/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡu.la/",
"note": "Kuyavia"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡu.la/",
"note": "Central Greater Poland"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡu.la/",
"note": "Far Masovian"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ula"
},
{
"homophone": "Gula"
}
],
"word": "gula"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 28 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish animal commands",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish feminine nouns",
"Polish interjections",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish non-lemma forms",
"Polish noun forms",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Polish terms with homophones",
"Rhymes:Polish/ula",
"Rhymes:Polish/ula/2 syllables",
"pl:Female animals",
"pl:Fowls",
"pl:Poultry"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_text": "A variant of kula.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gularz",
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "gula",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "guli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "guli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "guli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "guli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"m": "gularz"
},
"expansion": "gula f (male equivalent gularz)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"gu‧la"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"genp": "guli/gul"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-f"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Kuyavian Polish",
"Poznań Polish",
"Urban Polish"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Alternative form: guła"
}
],
"glosses": [
"female turkey (bird)"
],
"links": [
[
"turkey",
"turkey"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Poznań, Kuyavia) female turkey (bird)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "indyczka"
}
],
"tags": [
"Poznań",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡu.la/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡu.la/",
"note": "Kuyavia"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡu.la/",
"note": "Central Greater Poland"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡu.la/",
"note": "Far Masovian"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ula"
},
{
"homophone": "Gula"
}
],
"word": "gula"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 28 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish animal commands",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish feminine nouns",
"Polish interjections",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish non-lemma forms",
"Polish noun forms",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Polish terms with homophones",
"Rhymes:Polish/ula",
"Rhymes:Polish/ula/2 syllables",
"pl:Female animals",
"pl:Fowls",
"pl:Poultry"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_text": "A variant of kula.",
"hyphenation": [
"gu‧la"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "intj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Far Masovian Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"used to call turkeys"
],
"links": [
[
"turkey",
"turkey#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Far Masovian) used to call turkeys"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "gulda"
},
{
"word": "gulu"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡu.la/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡu.la/",
"note": "Kuyavia"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡu.la/",
"note": "Central Greater Poland"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡu.la/",
"note": "Far Masovian"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ula"
},
{
"homophone": "Gula"
}
],
"word": "gula"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 28 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish animal commands",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish non-lemma forms",
"Polish noun forms",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Polish terms with homophones",
"Rhymes:Polish/ula",
"Rhymes:Polish/ula/2 syllables",
"pl:Female animals",
"pl:Fowls",
"pl:Poultry"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "m-anml"
},
"expansion": "gula m animal",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"gu‧la"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "gul"
}
],
"glosses": [
"genitive/accusative singular of gul"
],
"links": [
[
"gul",
"gul#Polish"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"animal-not-person",
"form-of",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡu.la/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡu.la/",
"note": "Kuyavia"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡu.la/",
"note": "Central Greater Poland"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡu.la/",
"note": "Far Masovian"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ula"
},
{
"homophone": "Gula"
}
],
"word": "gula"
}
Download raw JSONL data for gula meaning in Polish (6.7kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Poznań, Kuyavia",
"path": [
"gula"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "gula",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Poznań, Kuyavia",
"path": [
"gula"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "gula",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Far Masovian",
"path": [
"gula"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "interjection",
"title": "gula",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Far Masovian",
"path": [
"gula"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "interjection",
"title": "gula",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-02 using wiktextract (32c88e6 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.