"czuwać" meaning in Polish

See czuwać in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

IPA: /ˈt͡ʂu.vat͡ɕ/
Rhymes: -uvat͡ɕ Etymology: Inherited from Proto-Slavic *čuvati. Etymology templates: {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|pl|sla-pro|*čuvati|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Proto-Slavic *čuvati, {{inh+|pl|sla-pro|*čuvati}} Inherited from Proto-Slavic *čuvati Head templates: {{pl-verb|impf}} czuwać impf Inflection templates: {{pl-conj-ai-am,asz|czuwa}}, {{pl-conj-ai|czuwać|czuwam|czuwa|czuwają|czuwa|czuwa|czuwa|czuwaj|ip=czuwano|pp=|pp2=|vn=czuwanie}} Forms: imperfective [table-tags], czuwać [infinitive], czuwam [present, singular], czuwamy [plural, present], czuwasz [present, singular], czuwacie [plural, present], czuwa [present, singular, third-person], czuwają [plural, present, third-person], czuwa się [impersonal, present], czuwałem [masculine, past, singular], -(e)m czuwał [masculine, past, singular], czuwałam [feminine, past, singular], -(e)m czuwała [feminine, past, singular], czuwałom [neuter, past, singular], -(e)m czuwało [neuter, past, singular], czuwaliśmy [past, plural, virile], -(e)śmy czuwali [past, plural, virile], czuwałyśmy [nonvirile, past, plural], -(e)śmy czuwały [nonvirile, past, plural], czuwałeś [masculine, past, singular], -(e)ś czuwał [masculine, past, singular], czuwałaś [feminine, past, singular], -(e)ś czuwała [feminine, past, singular], czuwałoś [neuter, past, singular], -(e)ś czuwało [neuter, past, singular], czuwaliście [past, plural, virile], -(e)ście czuwali [past, plural, virile], czuwałyście [nonvirile, past, plural], -(e)ście czuwały [nonvirile, past, plural], czuwał [masculine, past, singular, third-person], czuwała [feminine, past, singular, third-person], czuwało [neuter, past, singular, third-person], czuwali [past, plural, third-person, virile], czuwały [nonvirile, past, plural, third-person], czuwano [impersonal, past], będę czuwał [future, masculine, singular], będę czuwać [future, masculine, singular], będę czuwała [feminine, future, singular], będę czuwać [feminine, future, singular], będę czuwało [future, neuter, singular], będę czuwać [future, neuter, singular], będziemy czuwali [future, plural, virile], będziemy czuwać [future, plural, virile], będziemy czuwały [future, nonvirile, plural], będziemy czuwać [future, nonvirile, plural], będziesz czuwał [future, masculine, singular], będziesz czuwać [future, masculine, singular], będziesz czuwała [feminine, future, singular], będziesz czuwać [feminine, future, singular], będziesz czuwało [future, neuter, singular], będziesz czuwać [future, neuter, singular], będziecie czuwali [future, plural, virile], będziecie czuwać [future, plural, virile], będziecie czuwały [future, nonvirile, plural], będziecie czuwać [future, nonvirile, plural], będzie czuwał [future, masculine, singular, third-person], będzie czuwać [future, masculine, singular, third-person], będzie czuwała [feminine, future, singular, third-person], będzie czuwać [feminine, future, singular, third-person], będzie czuwało [future, neuter, singular, third-person], będzie czuwać [future, neuter, singular, third-person], będą czuwali [future, plural, third-person, virile], będą czuwać [future, plural, third-person, virile], będą czuwały [future, nonvirile, plural, third-person], będą czuwać [future, nonvirile, plural, third-person], będzie czuwać się [future, impersonal], czuwałbym [conditional, masculine, singular], bym czuwał [conditional, masculine, singular], czuwałabym [conditional, feminine, singular], bym czuwała [conditional, feminine, singular], czuwałobym [conditional, neuter, singular], bym czuwało [conditional, neuter, singular], czuwalibyśmy [conditional, plural, virile], byśmy czuwali [conditional, plural, virile], czuwałybyśmy [conditional, nonvirile, plural], byśmy czuwały [conditional, nonvirile, plural], czuwałbyś [conditional, masculine, singular], byś czuwał [conditional, masculine, singular], czuwałabyś [conditional, feminine, singular], byś czuwała [conditional, feminine, singular], czuwałobyś [conditional, neuter, singular], byś czuwało [conditional, neuter, singular], czuwalibyście [conditional, plural, virile], byście czuwali [conditional, plural, virile], czuwałybyście [conditional, nonvirile, plural], byście czuwały [conditional, nonvirile, plural], czuwałby [conditional, masculine, singular, third-person], by czuwał [conditional, masculine, singular, third-person], czuwałaby [conditional, feminine, singular, third-person], by czuwała [conditional, feminine, singular, third-person], czuwałoby [conditional, neuter, singular, third-person], by czuwało [conditional, neuter, singular, third-person], czuwaliby [conditional, plural, third-person, virile], by czuwali [conditional, plural, third-person, virile], czuwałyby [conditional, nonvirile, plural, third-person], by czuwały [conditional, nonvirile, plural, third-person], czuwano by [conditional, impersonal], niech czuwam [imperative, singular], czuwajmy [imperative, plural], czuwaj [imperative, singular], czuwajcie [imperative, plural], niech czuwa [imperative, singular, third-person], niech czuwają [imperative, plural, third-person], czuwający [active, adjectival, masculine, participle, singular], czuwająca [active, adjectival, feminine, participle, singular], czuwające [active, adjectival, neuter, participle, singular], czuwający [active, adjectival, participle, plural, virile], czuwające [active, adjectival, nonvirile, participle, plural], czuwając [adjectival, contemporary, participle], czuwanie [noun-from-verb]
  1. (intransitive) to keep vigil, to watch over Tags: imperfective, intransitive
    Sense id: en-czuwać-pl-verb-s9XWdOIJ Categories (other): Polish entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Polish entries with incorrect language header: 95 5
  2. (intransitive) to stay awake Tags: imperfective, intransitive
    Sense id: en-czuwać-pl-verb-G1jeknD4

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for czuwać meaning in Polish (12.5kB)

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*čuvati",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *čuvati",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*čuvati"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *čuvati",
      "name": "inh+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *čuvati.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "imperfective",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pl-conj-ai-am,asz",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "czuwać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "czuwam",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "czuwamy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "czuwasz",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "czuwacie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "czuwa",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "czuwają",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "czuwa się",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "czuwałem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m czuwał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "czuwałam",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m czuwała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "czuwałom",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m czuwało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "czuwaliśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)śmy czuwali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "czuwałyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)śmy czuwały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "czuwałeś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś czuwał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "czuwałaś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś czuwała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "czuwałoś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś czuwało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "czuwaliście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ście czuwali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "czuwałyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ście czuwały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "czuwał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "czuwała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "czuwało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "czuwali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "czuwały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "czuwano",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę czuwał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę czuwać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę czuwała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę czuwać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę czuwało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę czuwać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy czuwali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy czuwać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy czuwały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy czuwać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz czuwał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz czuwać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz czuwała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz czuwać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz czuwało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz czuwać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie czuwali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie czuwać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie czuwały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie czuwać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie czuwał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie czuwać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie czuwała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie czuwać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie czuwało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie czuwać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą czuwali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą czuwać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą czuwały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą czuwać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie czuwać się",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "impersonal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "czuwałbym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym czuwał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "czuwałabym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym czuwała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "czuwałobym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym czuwało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "czuwalibyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byśmy czuwali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "czuwałybyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byśmy czuwały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "czuwałbyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś czuwał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "czuwałabyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś czuwała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "czuwałobyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś czuwało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "czuwalibyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byście czuwali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "czuwałybyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byście czuwały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "czuwałby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by czuwał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "czuwałaby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by czuwała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "czuwałoby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by czuwało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "czuwaliby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by czuwali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "czuwałyby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by czuwały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "czuwano by",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "impersonal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech czuwam",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "czuwajmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "czuwaj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "czuwajcie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech czuwa",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech czuwają",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "czuwający",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "czuwająca",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "feminine",
        "participle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "czuwające",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "neuter",
        "participle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "czuwający",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "participle",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "czuwające",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "nonvirile",
        "participle",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "czuwając",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "contemporary",
        "participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "czuwanie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "impf"
      },
      "expansion": "czuwać impf",
      "name": "pl-verb"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "czu‧wać"
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "czuwa"
      },
      "name": "pl-conj-ai-am,asz"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "czuwać",
        "2": "czuwam",
        "3": "czuwa",
        "4": "czuwają",
        "5": "czuwa",
        "6": "czuwa",
        "7": "czuwa",
        "8": "czuwaj",
        "ip": "czuwano",
        "pp": "",
        "pp2": "",
        "vn": "czuwanie"
      },
      "name": "pl-conj-ai"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "95 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to keep vigil, to watch over"
      ],
      "id": "en-czuwać-pl-verb-s9XWdOIJ",
      "links": [
        [
          "keep",
          "keep"
        ],
        [
          "vigil",
          "vigil"
        ],
        [
          "watch over",
          "watch over"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) to keep vigil, to watch over"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "intransitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "to stay awake"
      ],
      "id": "en-czuwać-pl-verb-G1jeknD4",
      "links": [
        [
          "stay",
          "stay"
        ],
        [
          "awake",
          "awake"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) to stay awake"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "intransitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈt͡ʂu.vat͡ɕ/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-uvat͡ɕ"
    }
  ],
  "word": "czuwać"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Polish 2-syllable words",
    "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Polish imperfective verbs",
    "Polish lemmas",
    "Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
    "Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
    "Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Polish terms with audio links",
    "Polish verbs",
    "Rhymes:Polish/uvat͡ɕ",
    "Rhymes:Polish/uvat͡ɕ/2 syllables"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*čuvati",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *čuvati",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*čuvati"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *čuvati",
      "name": "inh+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *čuvati.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "imperfective",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pl-conj-ai-am,asz",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "czuwać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "czuwam",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "czuwamy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "czuwasz",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "czuwacie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "czuwa",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "czuwają",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "czuwa się",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "czuwałem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m czuwał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "czuwałam",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m czuwała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "czuwałom",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m czuwało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "czuwaliśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)śmy czuwali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "czuwałyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)śmy czuwały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "czuwałeś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś czuwał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "czuwałaś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś czuwała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "czuwałoś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś czuwało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "czuwaliście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ście czuwali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "czuwałyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ście czuwały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "czuwał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "czuwała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "czuwało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "czuwali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "czuwały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "czuwano",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę czuwał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę czuwać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę czuwała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę czuwać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę czuwało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę czuwać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy czuwali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy czuwać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy czuwały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy czuwać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz czuwał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz czuwać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz czuwała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz czuwać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz czuwało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz czuwać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie czuwali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie czuwać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie czuwały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie czuwać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie czuwał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie czuwać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie czuwała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie czuwać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie czuwało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie czuwać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą czuwali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą czuwać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą czuwały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą czuwać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie czuwać się",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "impersonal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "czuwałbym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym czuwał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "czuwałabym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym czuwała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "czuwałobym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym czuwało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "czuwalibyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byśmy czuwali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "czuwałybyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byśmy czuwały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "czuwałbyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś czuwał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "czuwałabyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś czuwała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "czuwałobyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś czuwało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "czuwalibyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byście czuwali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "czuwałybyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byście czuwały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "czuwałby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by czuwał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "czuwałaby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by czuwała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "czuwałoby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by czuwało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "czuwaliby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by czuwali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "czuwałyby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by czuwały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "czuwano by",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "impersonal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech czuwam",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "czuwajmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "czuwaj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "czuwajcie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech czuwa",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech czuwają",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "czuwający",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "czuwająca",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "feminine",
        "participle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "czuwające",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "neuter",
        "participle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "czuwający",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "participle",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "czuwające",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "nonvirile",
        "participle",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "czuwając",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "contemporary",
        "participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "czuwanie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "impf"
      },
      "expansion": "czuwać impf",
      "name": "pl-verb"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "czu‧wać"
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "czuwa"
      },
      "name": "pl-conj-ai-am,asz"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "czuwać",
        "2": "czuwam",
        "3": "czuwa",
        "4": "czuwają",
        "5": "czuwa",
        "6": "czuwa",
        "7": "czuwa",
        "8": "czuwaj",
        "ip": "czuwano",
        "pp": "",
        "pp2": "",
        "vn": "czuwanie"
      },
      "name": "pl-conj-ai"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Polish intransitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to keep vigil, to watch over"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "keep",
          "keep"
        ],
        [
          "vigil",
          "vigil"
        ],
        [
          "watch over",
          "watch over"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) to keep vigil, to watch over"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "intransitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Polish intransitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to stay awake"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "stay",
          "stay"
        ],
        [
          "awake",
          "awake"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) to stay awake"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "intransitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈt͡ʂu.vat͡ɕ/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-uvat͡ɕ"
    }
  ],
  "word": "czuwać"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.