"ciosać" meaning in Polish

See ciosać in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

IPA: /ˈt͡ɕɔ.sat͡ɕ/, /ˈt͡ɕɔ.sat͡ɕ/ [Middle, Polish], [ˈt͡ɕɔ.sat͡ɕ] (note: Kielce), [ˈt͡ɕɔ.sat͡ɕ] (note: Biecz), [ˈt͡ɕɔ.sat͡ɕ] (note: Żywiec)
Rhymes: -ɔsat͡ɕ Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *teḱ- Proto-Indo-European *tetḱ-der. Proto-Balto-Slavic *téśtei Proto-Slavic *testi Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti Proto-Balto-Slavic *-ā́ˀtei Proto-Slavic *-ati Proto-Slavic *tesàti Old Polish ciosać Polish ciosać Inherited from Old Polish ciosać. Etymology templates: {{etymon|pl|:inh|zlw-opl:ciosać|text=+|tree=+}} Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *teḱ- Proto-Indo-European *tetḱ-der. Proto-Balto-Slavic *téśtei Proto-Slavic *testi Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti Proto-Balto-Slavic *-ā́ˀtei Proto-Slavic *-ati Proto-Slavic *tesàti Old Polish ciosać Polish ciosać [Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from", "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "sire", "children" : [ ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*teḱ-", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "keyword" : "from" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*tetḱ-", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword" : "derived" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Balto-Slavic", "term" : "*téśtei", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "ine-bsl-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Slavic", "term" : "*testi", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "sla-pro" }, { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "collective nouns", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "collective nouns", "children" : [ ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-h₂", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "keyword" : "from" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-éh₂", "lang" : "ine-pro" }, { "id" : "intransitive verbs", "children" : [ ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-yéti", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-eh₂yéti", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Balto-Slavic", "term" : "*-ā́ˀtei", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "ine-bsl-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Slavic", "term" : "*-ati", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "sla-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Slavic", "term" : "*tesàti", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "sla-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Old Polish", "term" : "ciosać", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "zlw-opl" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Polish", "term" : "ciosać", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "pl" }" data-lang="pl" data-title="ciosać"> Inherited from Old Polish ciosać. Head templates: {{pl-verb|impf}} ciosać impf Forms: imperfective [table-tags], ciosać [infinitive], ciosam [present, singular], ciosamy [plural, present], ciosasz [present, singular], ciosacie [plural, present], ciosa [present, singular, third-person], ciosają [plural, present, third-person], ciosa się [impersonal, present], ciosałem [masculine, past, singular], -(e)m ciosał [masculine, past, singular], ciosałam [feminine, past, singular], -(e)m ciosała [feminine, past, singular], ciosałom [neuter, past, singular], -(e)m ciosało [neuter, past, singular], ciosaliśmy [past, plural, virile], -(e)śmy ciosali [past, plural, virile], ciosałyśmy [nonvirile, past, plural], -(e)śmy ciosały [nonvirile, past, plural], ciosałeś [masculine, past, singular], -(e)ś ciosał [masculine, past, singular], ciosałaś [feminine, past, singular], -(e)ś ciosała [feminine, past, singular], ciosałoś [neuter, past, singular], -(e)ś ciosało [neuter, past, singular], ciosaliście [past, plural, virile], -(e)ście ciosali [past, plural, virile], ciosałyście [nonvirile, past, plural], -(e)ście ciosały [nonvirile, past, plural], ciosał [masculine, past, singular, third-person], ciosała [feminine, past, singular, third-person], ciosało [neuter, past, singular, third-person], ciosali [past, plural, third-person, virile], ciosały [nonvirile, past, plural, third-person], ciosano [impersonal, past], będę ciosał [future, masculine, singular], będę ciosać [future, masculine, singular], będę ciosała [feminine, future, singular], będę ciosać [feminine, future, singular], będę ciosało [future, neuter, singular], będę ciosać [future, neuter, singular], będziemy ciosali [future, plural, virile], będziemy ciosać [future, plural, virile], będziemy ciosały [future, nonvirile, plural], będziemy ciosać [future, nonvirile, plural], będziesz ciosał [future, masculine, singular], będziesz ciosać [future, masculine, singular], będziesz ciosała [feminine, future, singular], będziesz ciosać [feminine, future, singular], będziesz ciosało [future, neuter, singular], będziesz ciosać [future, neuter, singular], będziecie ciosali [future, plural, virile], będziecie ciosać [future, plural, virile], będziecie ciosały [future, nonvirile, plural], będziecie ciosać [future, nonvirile, plural], będzie ciosał [future, masculine, singular, third-person], będzie ciosać [future, masculine, singular, third-person], będzie ciosała [feminine, future, singular, third-person], będzie ciosać [feminine, future, singular, third-person], będzie ciosało [future, neuter, singular, third-person], będzie ciosać [future, neuter, singular, third-person], będą ciosali [future, plural, third-person, virile], będą ciosać [future, plural, third-person, virile], będą ciosały [future, nonvirile, plural, third-person], będą ciosać [future, nonvirile, plural, third-person], będzie ciosać się [future, impersonal], ciosałbym [conditional, masculine, singular], bym ciosał [conditional, masculine, singular], ciosałabym [conditional, feminine, singular], bym ciosała [conditional, feminine, singular], ciosałobym [conditional, neuter, singular], bym ciosało [conditional, neuter, singular], ciosalibyśmy [conditional, plural, virile], byśmy ciosali [conditional, plural, virile], ciosałybyśmy [conditional, nonvirile, plural], byśmy ciosały [conditional, nonvirile, plural], ciosałbyś [conditional, masculine, singular], byś ciosał [conditional, masculine, singular], ciosałabyś [conditional, feminine, singular], byś ciosała [conditional, feminine, singular], ciosałobyś [conditional, neuter, singular], byś ciosało [conditional, neuter, singular], ciosalibyście [conditional, plural, virile], byście ciosali [conditional, plural, virile], ciosałybyście [conditional, nonvirile, plural], byście ciosały [conditional, nonvirile, plural], ciosałby [conditional, masculine, singular, third-person], by ciosał [conditional, masculine, singular, third-person], ciosałaby [conditional, feminine, singular, third-person], by ciosała [conditional, feminine, singular, third-person], ciosałoby [conditional, neuter, singular, third-person], by ciosało [conditional, neuter, singular, third-person], ciosaliby [conditional, plural, third-person, virile], by ciosali [conditional, plural, third-person, virile], ciosałyby [conditional, nonvirile, plural, third-person], by ciosały [conditional, nonvirile, plural, third-person], ciosano by [conditional, impersonal], niech ciosam [imperative, singular], ciosajmy [imperative, plural], ciosaj [imperative, singular], ciosajcie [imperative, plural], niech ciosa [imperative, singular, third-person], niech ciosają [imperative, plural, third-person], ciosający [active, adjectival, masculine, participle, singular], ciosająca [active, adjectival, feminine, participle, singular], ciosające [active, adjectival, neuter, participle, singular], ciosający [active, adjectival, participle, plural, virile], ciosające [active, adjectival, nonvirile, participle, plural], ciosany [adjectival, masculine, participle, passive, singular], ciosana [adjectival, feminine, participle, passive, singular], ciosane [adjectival, neuter, participle, passive, singular], ciosani [adjectival, participle, passive, plural, virile], ciosane [adjectival, nonvirile, participle, passive, plural], ciosając [adjectival, contemporary, participle], ciosanie [noun-from-verb], imperfective [table-tags], ciosać [infinitive], cioszę [present, singular], cioszemy [plural, present], cioszesz [present, singular], cioszecie [plural, present], ciosze [present, singular, third-person], cioszą [plural, present, third-person], ciosze się [impersonal, present], ciosałem [masculine, past, singular], -(e)m ciosał [masculine, past, singular], ciosałam [feminine, past, singular], -(e)m ciosała [feminine, past, singular], ciosałom [neuter, past, singular], -(e)m ciosało [neuter, past, singular], ciosaliśmy [past, plural, virile], -(e)śmy ciosali [past, plural, virile], ciosałyśmy [nonvirile, past, plural], -(e)śmy ciosały [nonvirile, past, plural], ciosałeś [masculine, past, singular], -(e)ś ciosał [masculine, past, singular], ciosałaś [feminine, past, singular], -(e)ś ciosała [feminine, past, singular], ciosałoś [neuter, past, singular], -(e)ś ciosało [neuter, past, singular], ciosaliście [past, plural, virile], -(e)ście ciosali [past, plural, virile], ciosałyście [nonvirile, past, plural], -(e)ście ciosały [nonvirile, past, plural], ciosał [masculine, past, singular, third-person], ciosała [feminine, past, singular, third-person], ciosało [neuter, past, singular, third-person], ciosali [past, plural, third-person, virile], ciosały [nonvirile, past, plural, third-person], ciosano [impersonal, past], będę ciosał [future, masculine, singular], będę ciosać [future, masculine, singular], będę ciosała [feminine, future, singular], będę ciosać [feminine, future, singular], będę ciosało [future, neuter, singular], będę ciosać [future, neuter, singular], będziemy ciosali [future, plural, virile], będziemy ciosać [future, plural, virile], będziemy ciosały [future, nonvirile, plural], będziemy ciosać [future, nonvirile, plural], będziesz ciosał [future, masculine, singular], będziesz ciosać [future, masculine, singular], będziesz ciosała [feminine, future, singular], będziesz ciosać [feminine, future, singular], będziesz ciosało [future, neuter, singular], będziesz ciosać [future, neuter, singular], będziecie ciosali [future, plural, virile], będziecie ciosać [future, plural, virile], będziecie ciosały [future, nonvirile, plural], będziecie ciosać [future, nonvirile, plural], będzie ciosał [future, masculine, singular, third-person], będzie ciosać [future, masculine, singular, third-person], będzie ciosała [feminine, future, singular, third-person], będzie ciosać [feminine, future, singular, third-person], będzie ciosało [future, neuter, singular, third-person], będzie ciosać [future, neuter, singular, third-person], będą ciosali [future, plural, third-person, virile], będą ciosać [future, plural, third-person, virile], będą ciosały [future, nonvirile, plural, third-person], będą ciosać [future, nonvirile, plural, third-person], będzie ciosać się [future, impersonal], ciosałbym [conditional, masculine, singular], bym ciosał [conditional, masculine, singular], ciosałabym [conditional, feminine, singular], bym ciosała [conditional, feminine, singular], ciosałobym [conditional, neuter, singular], bym ciosało [conditional, neuter, singular], ciosalibyśmy [conditional, plural, virile], byśmy ciosali [conditional, plural, virile], ciosałybyśmy [conditional, nonvirile, plural], byśmy ciosały [conditional, nonvirile, plural], ciosałbyś [conditional, masculine, singular], byś ciosał [conditional, masculine, singular], ciosałabyś [conditional, feminine, singular], byś ciosała [conditional, feminine, singular], ciosałobyś [conditional, neuter, singular], byś ciosało [conditional, neuter, singular], ciosalibyście [conditional, plural, virile], byście ciosali [conditional, plural, virile], ciosałybyście [conditional, nonvirile, plural], byście ciosały [conditional, nonvirile, plural], ciosałby [conditional, masculine, singular, third-person], by ciosał [conditional, masculine, singular, third-person], ciosałaby [conditional, feminine, singular, third-person], by ciosała [conditional, feminine, singular, third-person], ciosałoby [conditional, neuter, singular, third-person], by ciosało [conditional, neuter, singular, third-person], ciosaliby [conditional, plural, third-person, virile], by ciosali [conditional, plural, third-person, virile], ciosałyby [conditional, nonvirile, plural, third-person], by ciosały [conditional, nonvirile, plural, third-person], ciosano by [conditional, impersonal], niech cioszę [imperative, singular], cioszmy [imperative, plural], ciosz [imperative, singular], cioszcie [imperative, plural], niech ciosze [imperative, singular, third-person], niech cioszą [imperative, plural, third-person], cioszący [active, adjectival, masculine, participle, singular], ciosząca [active, adjectival, feminine, participle, singular], cioszące [active, adjectival, neuter, participle, singular], cioszący [active, adjectival, participle, plural, virile], cioszące [active, adjectival, nonvirile, participle, plural], ciosany [adjectival, masculine, participle, passive, singular], ciosana [adjectival, feminine, participle, passive, singular], ciosane [adjectival, neuter, participle, passive, singular], ciosani [adjectival, participle, passive, plural, virile], ciosane [adjectival, nonvirile, participle, passive, plural], ciosząc [adjectival, contemporary, participle], ciosanie [noun-from-verb], imperfective [table-tags], ciosać [infinitive], cieszę [present, singular], cieszemy [plural, present], cieszesz [present, singular], cieszecie [plural, present], ciesze [present, singular, third-person], cieszą [plural, present, third-person], ciesze się [impersonal, present], ciosałem [masculine, past, singular], -(e)m ciosał [masculine, past, singular], ciosałam [feminine, past, singular], -(e)m ciosała [feminine, past, singular], ciosałom [neuter, past, singular], -(e)m ciosało [neuter, past, singular], ciosaliśmy [past, plural, virile], -(e)śmy ciosali [past, plural, virile], ciosałyśmy [nonvirile, past, plural], -(e)śmy ciosały [nonvirile, past, plural], ciosałeś [masculine, past, singular], -(e)ś ciosał [masculine, past, singular], ciosałaś [feminine, past, singular], -(e)ś ciosała [feminine, past, singular], ciosałoś [neuter, past, singular], -(e)ś ciosało [neuter, past, singular], ciosaliście [past, plural, virile], -(e)ście ciosali [past, plural, virile], ciosałyście [nonvirile, past, plural], -(e)ście ciosały [nonvirile, past, plural], ciosał [masculine, past, singular, third-person], ciosała [feminine, past, singular, third-person], ciosało [neuter, past, singular, third-person], ciosali [past, plural, third-person, virile], ciosały [nonvirile, past, plural, third-person], ciosano [impersonal, past], będę ciosał [future, masculine, singular], będę ciosać [future, masculine, singular], będę ciosała [feminine, future, singular], będę ciosać [feminine, future, singular], będę ciosało [future, neuter, singular], będę ciosać [future, neuter, singular], będziemy ciosali [future, plural, virile], będziemy ciosać [future, plural, virile], będziemy ciosały [future, nonvirile, plural], będziemy ciosać [future, nonvirile, plural], będziesz ciosał [future, masculine, singular], będziesz ciosać [future, masculine, singular], będziesz ciosała [feminine, future, singular], będziesz ciosać [feminine, future, singular], będziesz ciosało [future, neuter, singular], będziesz ciosać [future, neuter, singular], będziecie ciosali [future, plural, virile], będziecie ciosać [future, plural, virile], będziecie ciosały [future, nonvirile, plural], będziecie ciosać [future, nonvirile, plural], będzie ciosał [future, masculine, singular, third-person], będzie ciosać [future, masculine, singular, third-person], będzie ciosała [feminine, future, singular, third-person], będzie ciosać [feminine, future, singular, third-person], będzie ciosało [future, neuter, singular, third-person], będzie ciosać [future, neuter, singular, third-person], będą ciosali [future, plural, third-person, virile], będą ciosać [future, plural, third-person, virile], będą ciosały [future, nonvirile, plural, third-person], będą ciosać [future, nonvirile, plural, third-person], będzie ciosać się [future, impersonal], ciosałbym [conditional, masculine, singular], bym ciosał [conditional, masculine, singular], ciosałabym [conditional, feminine, singular], bym ciosała [conditional, feminine, singular], ciosałobym [conditional, neuter, singular], bym ciosało [conditional, neuter, singular], ciosalibyśmy [conditional, plural, virile], byśmy ciosali [conditional, plural, virile], ciosałybyśmy [conditional, nonvirile, plural], byśmy ciosały [conditional, nonvirile, plural], ciosałbyś [conditional, masculine, singular], byś ciosał [conditional, masculine, singular], ciosałabyś [conditional, feminine, singular], byś ciosała [conditional, feminine, singular], ciosałobyś [conditional, neuter, singular], byś ciosało [conditional, neuter, singular], ciosalibyście [conditional, plural, virile], byście ciosali [conditional, plural, virile], ciosałybyście [conditional, nonvirile, plural], byście ciosały [conditional, nonvirile, plural], ciosałby [conditional, masculine, singular, third-person], by ciosał [conditional, masculine, singular, third-person], ciosałaby [conditional, feminine, singular, third-person], by ciosała [conditional, feminine, singular, third-person], ciosałoby [conditional, neuter, singular, third-person], by ciosało [conditional, neuter, singular, third-person], ciosaliby [conditional, plural, third-person, virile], by ciosali [conditional, plural, third-person, virile], ciosałyby [conditional, nonvirile, plural, third-person], by ciosały [conditional, nonvirile, plural, third-person], ciosano by [conditional, impersonal], niech cieszę [imperative, singular], cieszmy [imperative, plural], ciesz [imperative, singular], cieszcie [imperative, plural], niech ciesze [imperative, singular, third-person], niech cieszą [imperative, plural, third-person], cieszący [active, adjectival, masculine, participle, singular], ciesząca [active, adjectival, feminine, participle, singular], cieszące [active, adjectival, neuter, participle, singular], cieszący [active, adjectival, participle, plural, virile], cieszące [active, adjectival, nonvirile, participle, plural], ciosany [adjectival, masculine, participle, passive, singular], ciosana [adjectival, feminine, participle, passive, singular], ciosane [adjectival, neuter, participle, passive, singular], ciosani [adjectival, participle, passive, plural, virile], ciosane [adjectival, nonvirile, participle, passive, plural], ciesząc [adjectival, contemporary, participle], ciosanie [noun-from-verb], ciesać [alternative]
  1. (transitive) to hew (to process a material, especially wood or stone with a sharp object to give it the desired shape) [with instrumental ‘with what’; or with na (+ accusative) ‘at what’; or with z (+ genitive) ‘from what’] Tags: imperfective, transitive
    Sense id: en-ciosać-pl-verb-5cVcakm7 Categories (other): Middle Polish, Pages using etymon with no ID, Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries, Pages with etymon, Polish entries with etymology texts, Polish entries with etymology trees, Polish entries with etymon, Polish entries with incorrect language header, Masonry, Woodworking Disambiguation of Middle Polish: 5 13 13 5 5 30 30 Disambiguation of Pages using etymon with no ID: 6 19 21 6 6 21 21 Disambiguation of Pages with 2 entries: 5 20 21 5 5 23 23 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 3 21 21 3 3 25 25 Disambiguation of Pages with etymon: 5 21 22 5 5 21 21 Disambiguation of Polish entries with etymology texts: 50 50 Disambiguation of Polish entries with etymology trees: 50 50 Disambiguation of Polish entries with etymon: 50 50 Disambiguation of Polish entries with incorrect language header: 50 50 Disambiguation of Masonry: 50 50 Disambiguation of Woodworking: 50 50
  2. (transitive) to hew (to process a material, especially wood or stone with a sharp object to give it the desired shape) [with instrumental ‘with what’; or with na (+ accusative) ‘at what’; or with z (+ genitive) ‘from what’]
    (obsolete, rare, figuratively) to shape, to form
    Tags: figuratively, imperfective, obsolete, rare, transitive Synonyms: kształcić
    Sense id: en-ciosać-pl-verb-jKe8~Bsj Categories (other): Middle Polish, Pages using etymon with no ID, Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries, Pages with etymon, Polish entries with etymology texts, Polish entries with etymology trees, Polish entries with etymon, Polish entries with incorrect language header, Masonry, Woodworking Disambiguation of Middle Polish: 5 13 13 5 5 30 30 Disambiguation of Pages using etymon with no ID: 6 19 21 6 6 21 21 Disambiguation of Pages with 2 entries: 5 20 21 5 5 23 23 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 3 21 21 3 3 25 25 Disambiguation of Pages with etymon: 5 21 22 5 5 21 21 Disambiguation of Polish entries with etymology texts: 50 50 Disambiguation of Polish entries with etymology trees: 50 50 Disambiguation of Polish entries with etymon: 50 50 Disambiguation of Polish entries with incorrect language header: 50 50 Disambiguation of Masonry: 50 50 Disambiguation of Woodworking: 50 50
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: ciesak [noun], cieśla [noun], cieślica [noun], cios [noun], ciosak [noun], cioska [noun], ciosła [noun]
Derived forms: grubo ciosany [adjective], ciosać kołki na głowie [imperfective, verb], naciosać [perfective, verb], naciosywać [imperfective, verb], obciosać [perfective, verb], obciosywać [imperfective, verb], ociosać [perfective, verb], ociosywać [imperfective, verb], odciosać [perfective, verb], odciosywać [imperfective, verb], przyciosać [perfective, verb], przyciosywać [imperfective, verb], ściosać [perfective, verb], ściosywać [imperfective, verb], uciosać [perfective, verb], wciosać [perfective, verb], wciosywać [imperfective, verb], wyciosać [perfective, verb], wyciosywać [imperfective, verb], zaciosać [perfective, verb], zaciosywać [imperfective, verb]

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "adjective"
      ],
      "word": "grubo ciosany"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "verb"
      ],
      "word": "ciosać kołki na głowie"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "perfective",
        "verb"
      ],
      "word": "naciosać"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "verb"
      ],
      "word": "naciosywać"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "perfective",
        "verb"
      ],
      "word": "obciosać"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "verb"
      ],
      "word": "obciosywać"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "perfective",
        "verb"
      ],
      "word": "ociosać"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "verb"
      ],
      "word": "ociosywać"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "perfective",
        "verb"
      ],
      "word": "odciosać"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "verb"
      ],
      "word": "odciosywać"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "perfective",
        "verb"
      ],
      "word": "przyciosać"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "verb"
      ],
      "word": "przyciosywać"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "perfective",
        "verb"
      ],
      "word": "ściosać"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "verb"
      ],
      "word": "ściosywać"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "perfective",
        "verb"
      ],
      "word": "uciosać"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "perfective",
        "verb"
      ],
      "word": "wciosać"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "verb"
      ],
      "word": "wciosywać"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "perfective",
        "verb"
      ],
      "word": "wyciosać"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "verb"
      ],
      "word": "wyciosywać"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "perfective",
        "verb"
      ],
      "word": "zaciosać"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "verb"
      ],
      "word": "zaciosywać"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "Belarusian",
      "lang_code": "be",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "roman": "časácʹ",
      "word": "часа́ць"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "*teḱ-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/teḱ-#Proto-Indo-European:_sire"
    ],
    [
      "*tetḱ-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/tetḱ-"
    ],
    [
      "*téśtei",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Balto-Slavic/téśtei"
    ],
    [
      "*testi",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/testi"
    ],
    [
      "*-h₂",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-h₂#Proto-Indo-European:_collective_nouns"
    ],
    [
      "*-éh₂",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-éh₂#Proto-Indo-European:_collective_nouns"
    ],
    [
      "*-yéti",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-yéti#Proto-Indo-European:_intransitive_verbs"
    ],
    [
      "*-eh₂yéti",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-eh₂yéti"
    ],
    [
      "*-ā́ˀtei",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Balto-Slavic/-ā́ˀtei"
    ],
    [
      "*-ati",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ati"
    ],
    [
      "*tesàti",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/tesati"
    ],
    [
      "ciosać",
      "ciosać#Old_Polish"
    ],
    [
      "ciosać",
      "ciosać#Old_Polish"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "zlw-opl:ciosać",
        "text": "+",
        "tree": "+"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *teḱ-\nProto-Indo-European *tetḱ-der.\nProto-Balto-Slavic *téśtei\nProto-Slavic *testi\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-ā́ˀtei\nProto-Slavic *-ati\nProto-Slavic *tesàti\nOld Polish ciosać\nPolish ciosać\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"sire\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*teḱ-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*tetḱ-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*téśtei\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*testi\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"intransitive verbs\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂yéti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-ā́ˀtei\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-ati\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*tesàti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"ciosać\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"ciosać\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"ciosać\">\nInherited from Old Polish ciosać.",
      "name": "etymon"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *teḱ-\nProto-Indo-European *tetḱ-der.\nProto-Balto-Slavic *téśtei\nProto-Slavic *testi\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-ā́ˀtei\nProto-Slavic *-ati\nProto-Slavic *tesàti\nOld Polish ciosać\nPolish ciosać\nInherited from Old Polish ciosać.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "imperfective",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "l",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosam",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosamy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosasz",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosacie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosa",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosają",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosa się",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m ciosał",
      "links": [
        [
          "-(e)m",
          "-m#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "ciosał",
          "ciosał#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałam",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m ciosała",
      "links": [
        [
          "-(e)m",
          "-m#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "ciosała",
          "ciosała#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałom",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m ciosało",
      "links": [
        [
          "-(e)m",
          "-m#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "ciosało",
          "ciosało#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosaliśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)śmy ciosali",
      "links": [
        [
          "-(e)śmy",
          "-śmy#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "ciosali",
          "ciosali#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)śmy ciosały",
      "links": [
        [
          "-(e)śmy",
          "-śmy#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "ciosały",
          "ciosały#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałeś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś ciosał",
      "links": [
        [
          "-(e)ś",
          "-ś#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "ciosał",
          "ciosał#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałaś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś ciosała",
      "links": [
        [
          "-(e)ś",
          "-ś#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "ciosała",
          "ciosała#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałoś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś ciosało",
      "links": [
        [
          "-(e)ś",
          "-ś#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "ciosało",
          "ciosało#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosaliście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ście ciosali",
      "links": [
        [
          "-(e)ście",
          "-ście#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "ciosali",
          "ciosali#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ście ciosały",
      "links": [
        [
          "-(e)ście",
          "-ście#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "ciosały",
          "ciosały#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosano",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ciosał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ciosała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ciosało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy ciosali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy ciosały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ciosał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ciosała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ciosało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie ciosali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie ciosały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciosał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciosała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciosało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą ciosali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą ciosały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciosać się",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "impersonal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałbym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym ciosał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałabym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym ciosała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałobym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym ciosało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosalibyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byśmy ciosali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałybyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byśmy ciosały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałbyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś ciosał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałabyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś ciosała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałobyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś ciosało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosalibyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byście ciosali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałybyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byście ciosały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ciosał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałaby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ciosała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałoby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ciosało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosaliby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ciosali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałyby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ciosały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosano by",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "impersonal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech ciosam",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosajmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosaj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosajcie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech ciosa",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech ciosają",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosający",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosająca",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "feminine",
        "participle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosające",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "neuter",
        "participle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosający",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "participle",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosające",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "nonvirile",
        "participle",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosany",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosana",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "feminine",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosane",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "neuter",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosani",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosane",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "nonvirile",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosając",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "contemporary",
        "participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosanie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfective",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "l",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cioszę",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cioszemy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cioszesz",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cioszecie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosze",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cioszą",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosze się",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m ciosał",
      "links": [
        [
          "-(e)m",
          "-m#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "ciosał",
          "ciosał#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałam",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m ciosała",
      "links": [
        [
          "-(e)m",
          "-m#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "ciosała",
          "ciosała#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałom",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m ciosało",
      "links": [
        [
          "-(e)m",
          "-m#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "ciosało",
          "ciosało#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosaliśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)śmy ciosali",
      "links": [
        [
          "-(e)śmy",
          "-śmy#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "ciosali",
          "ciosali#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)śmy ciosały",
      "links": [
        [
          "-(e)śmy",
          "-śmy#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "ciosały",
          "ciosały#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałeś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś ciosał",
      "links": [
        [
          "-(e)ś",
          "-ś#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "ciosał",
          "ciosał#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałaś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś ciosała",
      "links": [
        [
          "-(e)ś",
          "-ś#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "ciosała",
          "ciosała#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałoś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś ciosało",
      "links": [
        [
          "-(e)ś",
          "-ś#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "ciosało",
          "ciosało#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosaliście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ście ciosali",
      "links": [
        [
          "-(e)ście",
          "-ście#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "ciosali",
          "ciosali#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ście ciosały",
      "links": [
        [
          "-(e)ście",
          "-ście#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "ciosały",
          "ciosały#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosano",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ciosał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ciosała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ciosało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy ciosali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy ciosały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ciosał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ciosała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ciosało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie ciosali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie ciosały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciosał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciosała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciosało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą ciosali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą ciosały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciosać się",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "impersonal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałbym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym ciosał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałabym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym ciosała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałobym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym ciosało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosalibyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byśmy ciosali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałybyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byśmy ciosały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałbyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś ciosał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałabyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś ciosała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałobyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś ciosało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosalibyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byście ciosali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałybyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byście ciosały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ciosał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałaby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ciosała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałoby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ciosało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosaliby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ciosali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałyby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ciosały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosano by",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "impersonal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech cioszę",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cioszmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosz",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cioszcie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech ciosze",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech cioszą",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cioszący",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosząca",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "feminine",
        "participle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cioszące",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "neuter",
        "participle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cioszący",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "participle",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cioszące",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "nonvirile",
        "participle",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosany",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosana",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "feminine",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosane",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "neuter",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosani",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosane",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "nonvirile",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosząc",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "contemporary",
        "participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosanie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfective",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "l",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cieszę",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cieszemy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cieszesz",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cieszecie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciesze",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cieszą",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciesze się",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m ciosał",
      "links": [
        [
          "-(e)m",
          "-m#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "ciosał",
          "ciosał#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałam",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m ciosała",
      "links": [
        [
          "-(e)m",
          "-m#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "ciosała",
          "ciosała#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałom",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m ciosało",
      "links": [
        [
          "-(e)m",
          "-m#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "ciosało",
          "ciosało#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosaliśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)śmy ciosali",
      "links": [
        [
          "-(e)śmy",
          "-śmy#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "ciosali",
          "ciosali#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)śmy ciosały",
      "links": [
        [
          "-(e)śmy",
          "-śmy#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "ciosały",
          "ciosały#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałeś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś ciosał",
      "links": [
        [
          "-(e)ś",
          "-ś#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "ciosał",
          "ciosał#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałaś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś ciosała",
      "links": [
        [
          "-(e)ś",
          "-ś#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "ciosała",
          "ciosała#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałoś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś ciosało",
      "links": [
        [
          "-(e)ś",
          "-ś#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "ciosało",
          "ciosało#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosaliście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ście ciosali",
      "links": [
        [
          "-(e)ście",
          "-ście#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "ciosali",
          "ciosali#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ście ciosały",
      "links": [
        [
          "-(e)ście",
          "-ście#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "ciosały",
          "ciosały#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosano",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ciosał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ciosała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ciosało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy ciosali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy ciosały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ciosał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ciosała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ciosało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie ciosali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie ciosały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciosał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciosała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciosało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą ciosali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą ciosały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciosać się",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "impersonal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałbym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym ciosał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałabym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym ciosała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałobym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym ciosało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosalibyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byśmy ciosali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałybyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byśmy ciosały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałbyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś ciosał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałabyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś ciosała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałobyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś ciosało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosalibyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byście ciosali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałybyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byście ciosały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ciosał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałaby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ciosała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałoby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ciosało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosaliby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ciosali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałyby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ciosały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosano by",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "impersonal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech cieszę",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cieszmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciesz",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cieszcie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech ciesze",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech cieszą",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cieszący",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciesząca",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "feminine",
        "participle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cieszące",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "neuter",
        "participle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cieszący",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "participle",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cieszące",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "nonvirile",
        "participle",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosany",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosana",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "feminine",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosane",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "neuter",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosani",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosane",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "nonvirile",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciesząc",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "contemporary",
        "participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosanie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciesać",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "impf"
      },
      "expansion": "ciosać impf",
      "name": "pl-verb"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "cio‧sać"
  ],
  "hyphenations": [
    {
      "parts": [
        "cio‧sać"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "ciesak"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "cieśla"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "cieślica"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "cios"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "ciosak"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "cioska"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "ciosła"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "5 13 13 5 5 30 30",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle Polish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 19 21 6 6 21 21",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 20 21 5 5 23 23",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 21 21 3 3 25 25",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 21 22 5 5 21 21",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish entries with etymology texts",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish entries with etymology trees",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish entries with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "pl",
          "name": "Masonry",
          "orig": "pl:Masonry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "pl",
          "name": "Woodworking",
          "orig": "pl:Woodworking",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to hew (to process a material, especially wood or stone with a sharp object to give it the desired shape)"
      ],
      "id": "en-ciosać-pl-verb-5cVcakm7",
      "info_templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pl",
            "2": "ins<with what>",
            "3": ":na(acc)<at what>",
            "4": ":z(gen)<from what>"
          },
          "expansion": "[with instrumental ‘with what’; or with na (+ accusative) ‘at what’; or with z (+ genitive) ‘from what’]",
          "extra_data": {
            "tags": [
              "with na (+ accusative) ‘at what’",
              "with z (+ genitive) ‘from what’"
            ],
            "words": [
              "instrumental",
              "‘with",
              "what’;"
            ]
          },
          "name": "+obj"
        }
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "hew",
          "hew"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to hew (to process a material, especially wood or stone with a sharp object to give it the desired shape) [with instrumental ‘with what’; or with na (+ accusative) ‘at what’; or with z (+ genitive) ‘from what’]"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "5 13 13 5 5 30 30",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle Polish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 19 21 6 6 21 21",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 20 21 5 5 23 23",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 21 21 3 3 25 25",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 21 22 5 5 21 21",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish entries with etymology texts",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish entries with etymology trees",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish entries with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "pl",
          "name": "Masonry",
          "orig": "pl:Masonry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "pl",
          "name": "Woodworking",
          "orig": "pl:Woodworking",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to hew (to process a material, especially wood or stone with a sharp object to give it the desired shape)",
        "to shape, to form"
      ],
      "id": "en-ciosać-pl-verb-jKe8~Bsj",
      "info_templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pl",
            "2": "ins<with what>",
            "3": ":na(acc)<at what>",
            "4": ":z(gen)<from what>"
          },
          "expansion": "[with instrumental ‘with what’; or with na (+ accusative) ‘at what’; or with z (+ genitive) ‘from what’]",
          "extra_data": {
            "tags": [
              "with na (+ accusative) ‘at what’",
              "with z (+ genitive) ‘from what’"
            ],
            "words": [
              "instrumental",
              "‘with",
              "what’;"
            ]
          },
          "name": "+obj"
        }
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "hew",
          "hew"
        ],
        [
          "shape",
          "shape"
        ],
        [
          "form",
          "form"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to hew (to process a material, especially wood or stone with a sharp object to give it the desired shape) [with instrumental ‘with what’; or with na (+ accusative) ‘at what’; or with z (+ genitive) ‘from what’]",
        "(obsolete, rare, figuratively) to shape, to form"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "kształcić"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively",
        "imperfective",
        "obsolete",
        "rare",
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈt͡ɕɔ.sat͡ɕ/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈt͡ɕɔ.sat͡ɕ/",
      "tags": [
        "Middle",
        "Polish"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈt͡ɕɔ.sat͡ɕ]",
      "note": "Kielce"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈt͡ɕɔ.sat͡ɕ]",
      "note": "Biecz"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈt͡ɕɔ.sat͡ɕ]",
      "note": "Żywiec"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɔsat͡ɕ"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Biecz dialect",
    "Kielce dialect",
    "Masuration",
    "Żywiec dialect"
  ],
  "word": "ciosać"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Biecz Polish",
    "Kielce Polish",
    "Middle Polish",
    "Pages using etymon with no ID",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Pages with etymology trees",
    "Pages with etymon",
    "Polish 2-syllable words",
    "Polish entries with etymology texts",
    "Polish entries with etymology trees",
    "Polish entries with etymon",
    "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Polish imperfective verbs",
    "Polish lemmas",
    "Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
    "Polish terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
    "Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
    "Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *tetḱ-",
    "Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *teḱ-",
    "Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
    "Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
    "Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
    "Polish verbs",
    "Rhymes:Polish/ɔsat͡ɕ",
    "Rhymes:Polish/ɔsat͡ɕ/2 syllables",
    "pl:Masonry",
    "pl:Woodworking",
    "Żywiec Polish"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "adjective"
      ],
      "word": "grubo ciosany"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "verb"
      ],
      "word": "ciosać kołki na głowie"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "perfective",
        "verb"
      ],
      "word": "naciosać"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "verb"
      ],
      "word": "naciosywać"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "perfective",
        "verb"
      ],
      "word": "obciosać"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "verb"
      ],
      "word": "obciosywać"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "perfective",
        "verb"
      ],
      "word": "ociosać"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "verb"
      ],
      "word": "ociosywać"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "perfective",
        "verb"
      ],
      "word": "odciosać"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "verb"
      ],
      "word": "odciosywać"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "perfective",
        "verb"
      ],
      "word": "przyciosać"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "verb"
      ],
      "word": "przyciosywać"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "perfective",
        "verb"
      ],
      "word": "ściosać"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "verb"
      ],
      "word": "ściosywać"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "perfective",
        "verb"
      ],
      "word": "uciosać"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "perfective",
        "verb"
      ],
      "word": "wciosać"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "verb"
      ],
      "word": "wciosywać"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "perfective",
        "verb"
      ],
      "word": "wyciosać"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "verb"
      ],
      "word": "wyciosywać"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "perfective",
        "verb"
      ],
      "word": "zaciosać"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "verb"
      ],
      "word": "zaciosywać"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "Belarusian",
      "lang_code": "be",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "roman": "časácʹ",
      "word": "часа́ць"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "*teḱ-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/teḱ-#Proto-Indo-European:_sire"
    ],
    [
      "*tetḱ-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/tetḱ-"
    ],
    [
      "*téśtei",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Balto-Slavic/téśtei"
    ],
    [
      "*testi",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/testi"
    ],
    [
      "*-h₂",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-h₂#Proto-Indo-European:_collective_nouns"
    ],
    [
      "*-éh₂",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-éh₂#Proto-Indo-European:_collective_nouns"
    ],
    [
      "*-yéti",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-yéti#Proto-Indo-European:_intransitive_verbs"
    ],
    [
      "*-eh₂yéti",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-eh₂yéti"
    ],
    [
      "*-ā́ˀtei",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Balto-Slavic/-ā́ˀtei"
    ],
    [
      "*-ati",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ati"
    ],
    [
      "*tesàti",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/tesati"
    ],
    [
      "ciosać",
      "ciosać#Old_Polish"
    ],
    [
      "ciosać",
      "ciosać#Old_Polish"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "zlw-opl:ciosać",
        "text": "+",
        "tree": "+"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *teḱ-\nProto-Indo-European *tetḱ-der.\nProto-Balto-Slavic *téśtei\nProto-Slavic *testi\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-ā́ˀtei\nProto-Slavic *-ati\nProto-Slavic *tesàti\nOld Polish ciosać\nPolish ciosać\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"sire\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*teḱ-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*tetḱ-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*téśtei\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*testi\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"intransitive verbs\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂yéti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-ā́ˀtei\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-ati\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*tesàti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"ciosać\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"ciosać\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"ciosać\">\nInherited from Old Polish ciosać.",
      "name": "etymon"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *teḱ-\nProto-Indo-European *tetḱ-der.\nProto-Balto-Slavic *téśtei\nProto-Slavic *testi\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-ā́ˀtei\nProto-Slavic *-ati\nProto-Slavic *tesàti\nOld Polish ciosać\nPolish ciosać\nInherited from Old Polish ciosać.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "imperfective",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "l",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosam",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosamy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosasz",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosacie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosa",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosają",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosa się",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m ciosał",
      "links": [
        [
          "-(e)m",
          "-m#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "ciosał",
          "ciosał#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałam",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m ciosała",
      "links": [
        [
          "-(e)m",
          "-m#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "ciosała",
          "ciosała#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałom",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m ciosało",
      "links": [
        [
          "-(e)m",
          "-m#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "ciosało",
          "ciosało#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosaliśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)śmy ciosali",
      "links": [
        [
          "-(e)śmy",
          "-śmy#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "ciosali",
          "ciosali#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)śmy ciosały",
      "links": [
        [
          "-(e)śmy",
          "-śmy#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "ciosały",
          "ciosały#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałeś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś ciosał",
      "links": [
        [
          "-(e)ś",
          "-ś#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "ciosał",
          "ciosał#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałaś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś ciosała",
      "links": [
        [
          "-(e)ś",
          "-ś#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "ciosała",
          "ciosała#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałoś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś ciosało",
      "links": [
        [
          "-(e)ś",
          "-ś#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "ciosało",
          "ciosało#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosaliście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ście ciosali",
      "links": [
        [
          "-(e)ście",
          "-ście#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "ciosali",
          "ciosali#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ście ciosały",
      "links": [
        [
          "-(e)ście",
          "-ście#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "ciosały",
          "ciosały#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosano",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ciosał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ciosała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ciosało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy ciosali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy ciosały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ciosał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ciosała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ciosało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie ciosali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie ciosały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciosał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciosała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciosało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą ciosali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą ciosały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciosać się",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "impersonal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałbym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym ciosał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałabym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym ciosała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałobym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym ciosało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosalibyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byśmy ciosali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałybyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byśmy ciosały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałbyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś ciosał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałabyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś ciosała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałobyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś ciosało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosalibyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byście ciosali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałybyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byście ciosały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ciosał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałaby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ciosała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałoby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ciosało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosaliby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ciosali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałyby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ciosały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosano by",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "impersonal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech ciosam",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosajmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosaj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosajcie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech ciosa",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech ciosają",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosający",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosająca",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "feminine",
        "participle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosające",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "neuter",
        "participle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosający",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "participle",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosające",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "nonvirile",
        "participle",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosany",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosana",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "feminine",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosane",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "neuter",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosani",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosane",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "nonvirile",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosając",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "contemporary",
        "participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosanie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfective",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "l",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cioszę",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cioszemy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cioszesz",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cioszecie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosze",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cioszą",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosze się",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m ciosał",
      "links": [
        [
          "-(e)m",
          "-m#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "ciosał",
          "ciosał#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałam",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m ciosała",
      "links": [
        [
          "-(e)m",
          "-m#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "ciosała",
          "ciosała#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałom",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m ciosało",
      "links": [
        [
          "-(e)m",
          "-m#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "ciosało",
          "ciosało#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosaliśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)śmy ciosali",
      "links": [
        [
          "-(e)śmy",
          "-śmy#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "ciosali",
          "ciosali#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)śmy ciosały",
      "links": [
        [
          "-(e)śmy",
          "-śmy#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "ciosały",
          "ciosały#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałeś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś ciosał",
      "links": [
        [
          "-(e)ś",
          "-ś#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "ciosał",
          "ciosał#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałaś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś ciosała",
      "links": [
        [
          "-(e)ś",
          "-ś#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "ciosała",
          "ciosała#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałoś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś ciosało",
      "links": [
        [
          "-(e)ś",
          "-ś#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "ciosało",
          "ciosało#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosaliście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ście ciosali",
      "links": [
        [
          "-(e)ście",
          "-ście#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "ciosali",
          "ciosali#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ście ciosały",
      "links": [
        [
          "-(e)ście",
          "-ście#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "ciosały",
          "ciosały#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosano",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ciosał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ciosała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ciosało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy ciosali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy ciosały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ciosał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ciosała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ciosało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie ciosali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie ciosały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciosał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciosała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciosało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą ciosali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą ciosały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciosać się",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "impersonal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałbym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym ciosał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałabym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym ciosała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałobym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym ciosało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosalibyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byśmy ciosali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałybyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byśmy ciosały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałbyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś ciosał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałabyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś ciosała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałobyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś ciosało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosalibyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byście ciosali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałybyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byście ciosały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ciosał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałaby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ciosała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałoby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ciosało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosaliby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ciosali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałyby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ciosały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosano by",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "impersonal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech cioszę",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cioszmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosz",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cioszcie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech ciosze",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech cioszą",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cioszący",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosząca",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "feminine",
        "participle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cioszące",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "neuter",
        "participle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cioszący",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "participle",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cioszące",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "nonvirile",
        "participle",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosany",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosana",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "feminine",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosane",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "neuter",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosani",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosane",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "nonvirile",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosząc",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "contemporary",
        "participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosanie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfective",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "l",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cieszę",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cieszemy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cieszesz",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cieszecie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciesze",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cieszą",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciesze się",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m ciosał",
      "links": [
        [
          "-(e)m",
          "-m#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "ciosał",
          "ciosał#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałam",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m ciosała",
      "links": [
        [
          "-(e)m",
          "-m#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "ciosała",
          "ciosała#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałom",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)m ciosało",
      "links": [
        [
          "-(e)m",
          "-m#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "ciosało",
          "ciosało#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosaliśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)śmy ciosali",
      "links": [
        [
          "-(e)śmy",
          "-śmy#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "ciosali",
          "ciosali#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)śmy ciosały",
      "links": [
        [
          "-(e)śmy",
          "-śmy#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "ciosały",
          "ciosały#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałeś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś ciosał",
      "links": [
        [
          "-(e)ś",
          "-ś#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "ciosał",
          "ciosał#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałaś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś ciosała",
      "links": [
        [
          "-(e)ś",
          "-ś#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "ciosała",
          "ciosała#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałoś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ś ciosało",
      "links": [
        [
          "-(e)ś",
          "-ś#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "ciosało",
          "ciosało#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosaliście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ście ciosali",
      "links": [
        [
          "-(e)ście",
          "-ście#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "ciosali",
          "ciosali#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-(e)ście ciosały",
      "links": [
        [
          "-(e)ście",
          "-ście#Polish"
        ],
        [
          "ciosały",
          "ciosały#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "nonvirile",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosano",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ciosał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ciosała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ciosało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będę ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy ciosali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy ciosały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziemy ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ciosał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ciosała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ciosało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziesz ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie ciosali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie ciosały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będziecie ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciosał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciosała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciosało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą ciosali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą ciosały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będą ciosać",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "będzie ciosać się",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "impersonal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałbym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym ciosał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałabym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym ciosała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałobym",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bym ciosało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosalibyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byśmy ciosali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałybyśmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byśmy ciosały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałbyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś ciosał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałabyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś ciosała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałobyś",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byś ciosało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosalibyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byście ciosali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałybyście",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "byście ciosały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ciosał",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałaby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ciosała",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałoby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ciosało",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosaliby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ciosali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosałyby",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "by ciosały",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "nonvirile",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosano by",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "impersonal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech cieszę",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cieszmy",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciesz",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cieszcie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech ciesze",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "niech cieszą",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cieszący",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciesząca",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "feminine",
        "participle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cieszące",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "neuter",
        "participle",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cieszący",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "participle",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cieszące",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "nonvirile",
        "participle",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosany",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosana",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "feminine",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosane",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "neuter",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosani",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosane",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "nonvirile",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciesząc",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "contemporary",
        "participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciosanie",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ciesać",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "impf"
      },
      "expansion": "ciosać impf",
      "name": "pl-verb"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "cio‧sać"
  ],
  "hyphenations": [
    {
      "parts": [
        "cio‧sać"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "ciesak"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "cieśla"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "cieślica"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "cios"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "ciosak"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "cioska"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "ciosła"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Polish transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to hew (to process a material, especially wood or stone with a sharp object to give it the desired shape)"
      ],
      "info_templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pl",
            "2": "ins<with what>",
            "3": ":na(acc)<at what>",
            "4": ":z(gen)<from what>"
          },
          "expansion": "[with instrumental ‘with what’; or with na (+ accusative) ‘at what’; or with z (+ genitive) ‘from what’]",
          "extra_data": {
            "tags": [
              "with na (+ accusative) ‘at what’",
              "with z (+ genitive) ‘from what’"
            ],
            "words": [
              "instrumental",
              "‘with",
              "what’;"
            ]
          },
          "name": "+obj"
        }
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "hew",
          "hew"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to hew (to process a material, especially wood or stone with a sharp object to give it the desired shape) [with instrumental ‘with what’; or with na (+ accusative) ‘at what’; or with z (+ genitive) ‘from what’]"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Polish terms with obsolete senses",
        "Polish terms with rare senses",
        "Polish transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to hew (to process a material, especially wood or stone with a sharp object to give it the desired shape)",
        "to shape, to form"
      ],
      "info_templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pl",
            "2": "ins<with what>",
            "3": ":na(acc)<at what>",
            "4": ":z(gen)<from what>"
          },
          "expansion": "[with instrumental ‘with what’; or with na (+ accusative) ‘at what’; or with z (+ genitive) ‘from what’]",
          "extra_data": {
            "tags": [
              "with na (+ accusative) ‘at what’",
              "with z (+ genitive) ‘from what’"
            ],
            "words": [
              "instrumental",
              "‘with",
              "what’;"
            ]
          },
          "name": "+obj"
        }
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "hew",
          "hew"
        ],
        [
          "shape",
          "shape"
        ],
        [
          "form",
          "form"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to hew (to process a material, especially wood or stone with a sharp object to give it the desired shape) [with instrumental ‘with what’; or with na (+ accusative) ‘at what’; or with z (+ genitive) ‘from what’]",
        "(obsolete, rare, figuratively) to shape, to form"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "kształcić"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively",
        "imperfective",
        "obsolete",
        "rare",
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈt͡ɕɔ.sat͡ɕ/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈt͡ɕɔ.sat͡ɕ/",
      "tags": [
        "Middle",
        "Polish"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈt͡ɕɔ.sat͡ɕ]",
      "note": "Kielce"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈt͡ɕɔ.sat͡ɕ]",
      "note": "Biecz"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈt͡ɕɔ.sat͡ɕ]",
      "note": "Żywiec"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɔsat͡ɕ"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Biecz dialect",
    "Kielce dialect",
    "Masuration",
    "Żywiec dialect"
  ],
  "word": "ciosać"
}

Download raw JSONL data for ciosać meaning in Polish (45.5kB)

{
  "called_from": "parser/304",
  "msg": "HTML tag <div> not properly closed",
  "path": [
    "ciosać"
  ],
  "section": "Polish",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "ciosać",
  "trace": "started on line 407, detected on line 407"
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </div>",
  "path": [
    "ciosać"
  ],
  "section": "Polish",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "ciosać",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/304",
  "msg": "HTML tag <div> not properly closed",
  "path": [
    "ciosać"
  ],
  "section": "Polish",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "ciosać",
  "trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </div>",
  "path": [
    "ciosać"
  ],
  "section": "Polish",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "ciosać",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.