See ciosać in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "grubo ciosany"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "ciosać kołki na głowie"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "naciosać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "naciosywać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "obciosać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "obciosywać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "ociosać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "ociosywać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "odciosać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "odciosywać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "przyciosać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "przyciosywać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "ściosać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "ściosywać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "uciosać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "wciosać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "wciosywać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "wyciosać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "wyciosywać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "zaciosać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "zaciosywać"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "časácʹ",
"word": "часа́ць"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "zlw-opl:ciosać",
"text": "+",
"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *teḱ-\nProto-Indo-European *tetḱ-der.\nProto-Balto-Slavic *téśtei\nProto-Slavic *testi\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-ā́ˀtei\nProto-Slavic *-ati\nProto-Slavic *tesàti\nOld Polish ciosać\nPolish ciosać\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"sire\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*teḱ-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*tetḱ-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*téśtei\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*testi\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"intransitive verbs\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂yéti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-ā́ˀtei\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-ati\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*tesàti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"ciosać\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"ciosać\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"ciosać\">\nInherited from Old Polish ciosać.",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *teḱ-\nProto-Indo-European *tetḱ-der.\nProto-Balto-Slavic *téśtei\nProto-Slavic *testi\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-ā́ˀtei\nProto-Slavic *-ati\nProto-Slavic *tesàti\nOld Polish ciosać\nPolish ciosać\nInherited from Old Polish ciosać.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "inflection-table-top",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ciosać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "inflection-table-top",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ciosać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "inflection-table-top",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ciosać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ciesać",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "impf"
},
"expansion": "ciosać impf",
"name": "pl-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"cio‧sać"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"cio‧sać"
]
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "ciesak"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "cieśla"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "cieślica"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "cios"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "ciosak"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "cioska"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "ciosła"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 13 13 5 5 30 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 19 21 6 6 21 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 20 21 5 5 23 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 21 21 3 3 25 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 21 22 5 5 21 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Masonry",
"orig": "pl:Masonry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Woodworking",
"orig": "pl:Woodworking",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to hew (to process a material, especially wood or stone with a sharp object to give it the desired shape)"
],
"id": "en-ciosać-pl-verb-5cVcakm7",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "ins<with what>",
"3": ":na(acc)<at what>",
"4": ":z(gen)<from what>"
},
"expansion": "[with instrumental ‘with what’; or with na (+ accusative) ‘at what’; or with z (+ genitive) ‘from what’]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"with na (+ accusative) ‘at what’",
"with z (+ genitive) ‘from what’"
],
"words": [
"instrumental",
"‘with",
"what’;"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"hew",
"hew"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to hew (to process a material, especially wood or stone with a sharp object to give it the desired shape) [with instrumental ‘with what’; or with na (+ accusative) ‘at what’; or with z (+ genitive) ‘from what’]"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 13 13 5 5 30 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 19 21 6 6 21 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 20 21 5 5 23 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 21 21 3 3 25 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 21 22 5 5 21 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Masonry",
"orig": "pl:Masonry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Woodworking",
"orig": "pl:Woodworking",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to hew (to process a material, especially wood or stone with a sharp object to give it the desired shape)",
"to shape, to form"
],
"id": "en-ciosać-pl-verb-jKe8~Bsj",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "ins<with what>",
"3": ":na(acc)<at what>",
"4": ":z(gen)<from what>"
},
"expansion": "[with instrumental ‘with what’; or with na (+ accusative) ‘at what’; or with z (+ genitive) ‘from what’]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"with na (+ accusative) ‘at what’",
"with z (+ genitive) ‘from what’"
],
"words": [
"instrumental",
"‘with",
"what’;"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"hew",
"hew"
],
[
"shape",
"shape"
],
[
"form",
"form"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to hew (to process a material, especially wood or stone with a sharp object to give it the desired shape) [with instrumental ‘with what’; or with na (+ accusative) ‘at what’; or with z (+ genitive) ‘from what’]",
"(obsolete, rare, figuratively) to shape, to form"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kształcić"
}
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"imperfective",
"obsolete",
"rare",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ɕɔ.sat͡ɕ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ɕɔ.sat͡ɕ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt͡ɕɔ.sat͡ɕ]",
"note": "Kielce"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt͡ɕɔ.sat͡ɕ]",
"note": "Biecz"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt͡ɕɔ.sat͡ɕ]",
"note": "Żywiec"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔsat͡ɕ"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Biecz dialect",
"Kielce dialect",
"Masuration",
"Żywiec dialect"
],
"word": "ciosać"
}
{
"categories": [
"Biecz Polish",
"Kielce Polish",
"Middle Polish",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish entries with etymology texts",
"Polish entries with etymology trees",
"Polish entries with etymon",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish imperfective verbs",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *tetḱ-",
"Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *teḱ-",
"Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Polish verbs",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔsat͡ɕ",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔsat͡ɕ/2 syllables",
"pl:Masonry",
"pl:Woodworking",
"Żywiec Polish"
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "grubo ciosany"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "ciosać kołki na głowie"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "naciosać"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "naciosywać"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "obciosać"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "obciosywać"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "ociosać"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "ociosywać"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "odciosać"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "odciosywać"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "przyciosać"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "przyciosywać"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "ściosać"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "ściosywać"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "uciosać"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "wciosać"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "wciosywać"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "wyciosać"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "wyciosywać"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "zaciosać"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "zaciosywać"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "časácʹ",
"word": "часа́ць"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "zlw-opl:ciosać",
"text": "+",
"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *teḱ-\nProto-Indo-European *tetḱ-der.\nProto-Balto-Slavic *téśtei\nProto-Slavic *testi\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-ā́ˀtei\nProto-Slavic *-ati\nProto-Slavic *tesàti\nOld Polish ciosać\nPolish ciosać\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"sire\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*teḱ-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*tetḱ-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*téśtei\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*testi\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"intransitive verbs\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂yéti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-ā́ˀtei\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-ati\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*tesàti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"ciosać\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"ciosać\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"ciosać\">\nInherited from Old Polish ciosać.",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *teḱ-\nProto-Indo-European *tetḱ-der.\nProto-Balto-Slavic *téśtei\nProto-Slavic *testi\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-ā́ˀtei\nProto-Slavic *-ati\nProto-Slavic *tesàti\nOld Polish ciosać\nPolish ciosać\nInherited from Old Polish ciosać.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "inflection-table-top",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ciosać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "inflection-table-top",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ciosać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "inflection-table-top",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ciosać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ciesać",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "impf"
},
"expansion": "ciosać impf",
"name": "pl-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"cio‧sać"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"cio‧sać"
]
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "ciesak"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "cieśla"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "cieślica"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "cios"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "ciosak"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "cioska"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "ciosła"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Polish transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to hew (to process a material, especially wood or stone with a sharp object to give it the desired shape)"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "ins<with what>",
"3": ":na(acc)<at what>",
"4": ":z(gen)<from what>"
},
"expansion": "[with instrumental ‘with what’; or with na (+ accusative) ‘at what’; or with z (+ genitive) ‘from what’]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"with na (+ accusative) ‘at what’",
"with z (+ genitive) ‘from what’"
],
"words": [
"instrumental",
"‘with",
"what’;"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"hew",
"hew"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to hew (to process a material, especially wood or stone with a sharp object to give it the desired shape) [with instrumental ‘with what’; or with na (+ accusative) ‘at what’; or with z (+ genitive) ‘from what’]"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with obsolete senses",
"Polish terms with rare senses",
"Polish transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to hew (to process a material, especially wood or stone with a sharp object to give it the desired shape)",
"to shape, to form"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "ins<with what>",
"3": ":na(acc)<at what>",
"4": ":z(gen)<from what>"
},
"expansion": "[with instrumental ‘with what’; or with na (+ accusative) ‘at what’; or with z (+ genitive) ‘from what’]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"with na (+ accusative) ‘at what’",
"with z (+ genitive) ‘from what’"
],
"words": [
"instrumental",
"‘with",
"what’;"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"hew",
"hew"
],
[
"shape",
"shape"
],
[
"form",
"form"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to hew (to process a material, especially wood or stone with a sharp object to give it the desired shape) [with instrumental ‘with what’; or with na (+ accusative) ‘at what’; or with z (+ genitive) ‘from what’]",
"(obsolete, rare, figuratively) to shape, to form"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kształcić"
}
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"imperfective",
"obsolete",
"rare",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ɕɔ.sat͡ɕ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ɕɔ.sat͡ɕ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt͡ɕɔ.sat͡ɕ]",
"note": "Kielce"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt͡ɕɔ.sat͡ɕ]",
"note": "Biecz"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt͡ɕɔ.sat͡ɕ]",
"note": "Żywiec"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔsat͡ɕ"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Biecz dialect",
"Kielce dialect",
"Masuration",
"Żywiec dialect"
],
"word": "ciosać"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ciosać meaning in Polish (9.5kB)
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"msg": "TABLE not properly closed",
"path": [
"ciosać"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "ciosać",
"trace": "started on line 3, detected on line 23"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <div> not properly closed",
"path": [
"ciosać"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "ciosać",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 23"
}
{
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"path": [
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],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "ciosać",
"trace": ""
}
{
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"path": [
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"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "ciosać",
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}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <div> not properly closed",
"path": [
"ciosać"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "ciosać",
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}
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"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </div>",
"path": [
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"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "ciosać",
"trace": ""
}
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"called_from": "parser/328",
"msg": "TABLE not properly closed",
"path": [
"ciosać"
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"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "ciosać",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 22"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <div> not properly closed",
"path": [
"ciosać"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "ciosać",
"trace": "started on line 1, detected on line 22"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </div>",
"path": [
"ciosać"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "ciosać",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-08-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-08-05 using wiktextract (872fc7b and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.