"chyba" meaning in Polish

See chyba in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /ˈxɘ.ba/, /ˈxɨ.ba/ [Middle, Polish], [ˈxɘ.ba] (note: Western Kraków), [ˈxɘ.ba] (note: Lasovia), [ˈxɘ.ba] (note: Biecz), [ˈxɘ.ba] (note: Podhale)
Rhymes: -ɘba Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *kʷsewbʰ-der. Proto-Slavic *xybъ Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti Proto-Balto-Slavic *-ā́ˀtei Proto-Slavic *-ati Proto-Slavic *xybati Proto-Indo-European *-yeti Proto-Indo-European *-éyeti Proto-Balto-Slavic *-éitei Proto-Slavic *-iti Proto-Slavic *xybiti Proto-Slavic *xyba Old Polish *chyba Polish chyba Inherited from Old Polish *chyba, from Proto-Slavic *xyba. By surface analysis, deverbal from chybić. First attested in the 16th century. Etymology templates: {{ety|pl|:inh|zlw-opl:*chyba|tree=+}} Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *kʷsewbʰ-der. Proto-Slavic *xybъ Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti Proto-Balto-Slavic *-ā́ˀtei Proto-Slavic *-ati Proto-Slavic *xybati Proto-Indo-European *-yeti Proto-Indo-European *-éyeti Proto-Balto-Slavic *-éitei Proto-Slavic *-iti Proto-Slavic *xybiti Proto-Slavic *xyba Old Polish *chyba Polish chyba, {{yesno||i|I}} I, {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|pl|zlw-opl|*chyba|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Old Polish *chyba, {{inh+|pl|zlw-opl|*chyba}} Inherited from Old Polish *chyba, {{inh|pl|sla-pro|*xyba}} Proto-Slavic *xyba, {{surf|+deverbal|pl|chybić}} By surface analysis, deverbal from chybić, {{etydate|16th century}} First attested in the 16th century Head templates: {{pl-noun|f|dim=chybka<l:dialectal>}} chyba f (diminutive (dialectal) chybka) Inflection templates: {{pl-decl-noun-f}} Forms: chybka [dialectal, diminutive], no-table-tags [table-tags], chyba [nominative, singular], chyby [nominative, plural], chyby [genitive, singular], chyb [genitive, plural], chybie [dative, singular], chybom [dative, plural], chybę [accusative, singular], chyby [accusative, plural], chybą [instrumental, singular], chybami [instrumental, plural], chybie [locative, singular], chybach [locative, plural], chybo [singular, vocative], chyby [plural, vocative], cheba [alternative], chiba [alternative]
  1. (obsolete) error, mistake Tags: feminine, obsolete Synonyms: błąd, pomyłka
    Sense id: en-chyba-pl-noun-3y4y1QRS Categories (other): Polish links with manual fragments Disambiguation of Polish links with manual fragments: 11 3 19 11 8 24 24
  2. (obsolete) miss, failure Tags: feminine, obsolete
    Sense id: en-chyba-pl-noun-ZFqQK2Rr
  3. (Middle Polish) falsehood; trick, deception Tags: Middle, Polish, feminine
    Sense id: en-chyba-pl-noun-4VbcyqLm Categories (other): Middle Polish, Pages with entries, Middle Polish, Pages with etymology trees, Podhale Polish, Polish deverbals, Polish entries with etymology trees, Polish entries with incorrect language header, Polish links with manual fragments, Polish links with redundant alt parameters, Polish links with redundant wikilinks, Western Kraków Polish Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 1 2 8 1 1 1 1 2 3 2 2 1 15 2 2 14 15 2 1 11 1 2 8 Disambiguation of Middle Polish: 1 1 35 1 1 31 31 Disambiguation of Pages with etymology trees: 6 3 18 7 4 19 19 7 4 15 Disambiguation of Podhale Polish: 7 2 11 28 5 34 14 Disambiguation of Polish deverbals: 5 2 28 5 4 28 27 Disambiguation of Polish entries with etymology trees: 6 3 26 7 5 26 26 Disambiguation of Polish entries with incorrect language header: 9 3 27 10 3 23 25 Disambiguation of Polish links with manual fragments: 11 3 19 11 8 24 24 Disambiguation of Polish links with redundant alt parameters: 7 5 22 14 6 23 24 Disambiguation of Polish links with redundant wikilinks: 5 2 28 6 4 28 27 Disambiguation of Western Kraków Polish: 9 3 23 9 7 25 25
  4. (Western Kraków, Biecz, Lasovia, Podhale) loss; lack; damage; failure; defect Tags: feminine
    Sense id: en-chyba-pl-noun-aNucLAoS Categories (other): Biecz Polish, Lasovia Polish, Podhale Polish, Western Kraków Polish, Biecz Polish, Lasovia Polish, Podhale Polish, Polish entries with incorrect language header, Polish links with manual fragments, Polish links with redundant alt parameters Disambiguation of Biecz Polish: 9 2 15 33 6 18 18 Disambiguation of Lasovia Polish: 9 2 13 35 6 17 17 Disambiguation of Podhale Polish: 7 2 11 28 5 34 14 Disambiguation of Polish entries with incorrect language header: 9 3 27 10 3 23 25 Disambiguation of Polish links with manual fragments: 11 3 19 11 8 24 24 Disambiguation of Polish links with redundant alt parameters: 7 5 22 14 6 23 24

Particle

IPA: /ˈxɘ.ba/, /ˈxɨ.ba/ [Middle, Polish], [ˈxɘ.ba] (note: Western Kraków), [ˈxɘ.ba] (note: Lasovia), [ˈxɘ.ba] (note: Biecz), [ˈxɘ.ba] (note: Podhale)
Rhymes: -ɘba Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *kʷsewbʰ-der. Proto-Slavic *xybъ Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti Proto-Balto-Slavic *-ā́ˀtei Proto-Slavic *-ati Proto-Slavic *xybati Proto-Indo-European *-yeti Proto-Indo-European *-éyeti Proto-Balto-Slavic *-éitei Proto-Slavic *-iti Proto-Slavic *xybiti Proto-Slavic *xyba Old Polish *chyba Polish chyba Inherited from Old Polish *chyba, from Proto-Slavic *xyba. By surface analysis, deverbal from chybić. First attested in the 16th century. Etymology templates: {{ety|pl|:inh|zlw-opl:*chyba|tree=+}} Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *kʷsewbʰ-der. Proto-Slavic *xybъ Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti Proto-Balto-Slavic *-ā́ˀtei Proto-Slavic *-ati Proto-Slavic *xybati Proto-Indo-European *-yeti Proto-Indo-European *-éyeti Proto-Balto-Slavic *-éitei Proto-Slavic *-iti Proto-Slavic *xybiti Proto-Slavic *xyba Old Polish *chyba Polish chyba, {{yesno||i|I}} I, {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|pl|zlw-opl|*chyba|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Old Polish *chyba, {{inh+|pl|zlw-opl|*chyba}} Inherited from Old Polish *chyba, {{inh|pl|sla-pro|*xyba}} Proto-Slavic *xyba, {{surf|+deverbal|pl|chybić}} By surface analysis, deverbal from chybić, {{etydate|16th century}} First attested in the 16th century Inflection templates: {{pl-decl-combined-forms}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], chybam [combined-form, object-first-person, object-singular], chybaśmy [combined-form, object-first-person, object-plural], chybaś [combined-form, object-second-person, object-singular], chybaście [combined-form, object-plural, object-second-person], chyba [combined-form, object-singular, object-third-person], chyba [combined-form, object-plural, object-third-person], cheba [alternative], chiba [alternative]
  1. expresses confidence but not certainty; probably; I think, I guess
    Sense id: en-chyba-pl-particle-xtYRUIRk
  2. (Middle Polish or Podhale) delimiting particle; only, just, merely Synonyms: jedynie, tylko
    Sense id: en-chyba-pl-particle-c2mEqgCG Categories (other): Middle Polish, Podhale Polish, Pages with entries, Middle Polish, Pages with etymology trees, Podhale Polish, Polish deverbals, Polish entries with etymology trees, Polish entries with incorrect language header, Polish links with manual fragments, Polish links with redundant alt parameters, Polish links with redundant wikilinks, Polish particles, Western Kraków Polish Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 1 2 8 1 1 1 1 2 3 2 2 1 15 2 2 14 15 2 1 11 1 2 8 Disambiguation of Middle Polish: 1 1 35 1 1 31 31 Disambiguation of Pages with etymology trees: 6 3 18 7 4 19 19 7 4 15 Disambiguation of Podhale Polish: 7 2 11 28 5 34 14 Disambiguation of Polish deverbals: 5 2 28 5 4 28 27 Disambiguation of Polish entries with etymology trees: 6 3 26 7 5 26 26 Disambiguation of Polish entries with incorrect language header: 9 3 27 10 3 23 25 Disambiguation of Polish links with manual fragments: 11 3 19 11 8 24 24 Disambiguation of Polish links with redundant alt parameters: 7 5 22 14 6 23 24 Disambiguation of Polish links with redundant wikilinks: 5 2 28 6 4 28 27 Disambiguation of Polish particles: 5 2 25 5 4 35 24 Disambiguation of Western Kraków Polish: 9 3 23 9 7 25 25

Preposition

IPA: /ˈxɘ.ba/, /ˈxɨ.ba/ [Middle, Polish], [ˈxɘ.ba] (note: Western Kraków), [ˈxɘ.ba] (note: Lasovia), [ˈxɘ.ba] (note: Biecz), [ˈxɘ.ba] (note: Podhale) Forms: cheba [alternative], chiba [alternative]
Rhymes: -ɘba Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *kʷsewbʰ-der. Proto-Slavic *xybъ Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti Proto-Balto-Slavic *-ā́ˀtei Proto-Slavic *-ati Proto-Slavic *xybati Proto-Indo-European *-yeti Proto-Indo-European *-éyeti Proto-Balto-Slavic *-éitei Proto-Slavic *-iti Proto-Slavic *xybiti Proto-Slavic *xyba Old Polish *chyba Polish chyba Inherited from Old Polish *chyba, from Proto-Slavic *xyba. By surface analysis, deverbal from chybić. First attested in the 16th century. Etymology templates: {{ety|pl|:inh|zlw-opl:*chyba|tree=+}} Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *kʷsewbʰ-der. Proto-Slavic *xybъ Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti Proto-Balto-Slavic *-ā́ˀtei Proto-Slavic *-ati Proto-Slavic *xybati Proto-Indo-European *-yeti Proto-Indo-European *-éyeti Proto-Balto-Slavic *-éitei Proto-Slavic *-iti Proto-Slavic *xybiti Proto-Slavic *xyba Old Polish *chyba Polish chyba, {{yesno||i|I}} I, {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|pl|zlw-opl|*chyba|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Old Polish *chyba, {{inh+|pl|zlw-opl|*chyba}} Inherited from Old Polish *chyba, {{inh|pl|sla-pro|*xyba}} Proto-Slavic *xyba, {{surf|+deverbal|pl|chybić}} By surface analysis, deverbal from chybić, {{etydate|16th century}} First attested in the 16th century
  1. (Middle Polish) denotes lack; without; except; barring [with genitive] Tags: Middle, Polish Derived forms: chyba że [conjunction], no chyba [particle] Related terms: niechybny [adjective], uchybienie [noun], chybić [imperfective, verb], chybotać [imperfective, verb]
    Sense id: en-chyba-pl-prep-j9bB3AZL Categories (other): Middle Polish, Pages with 5 entries, Pages with entries, Middle Polish, Pages using etymon with no ID, Pages with etymology trees, Podhale Polish, Polish deverbals, Polish entries with etymology trees, Polish entries with incorrect language header, Polish links with manual fragments, Polish links with redundant alt parameters, Polish links with redundant wikilinks, Polish prepositions, Western Kraków Polish Disambiguation of Pages with 5 entries: 1 3 8 1 1 1 1 3 4 3 3 1 11 3 2 11 18 3 2 8 1 3 8 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 1 2 8 1 1 1 1 2 3 2 2 1 15 2 2 14 15 2 1 11 1 2 8 Disambiguation of Middle Polish: 1 1 35 1 1 31 31 Disambiguation of Pages using etymon with no ID: 4 1 17 4 3 17 33 5 3 13 Disambiguation of Pages with etymology trees: 6 3 18 7 4 19 19 7 4 15 Disambiguation of Podhale Polish: 7 2 11 28 5 34 14 Disambiguation of Polish deverbals: 5 2 28 5 4 28 27 Disambiguation of Polish entries with etymology trees: 6 3 26 7 5 26 26 Disambiguation of Polish entries with incorrect language header: 9 3 27 10 3 23 25 Disambiguation of Polish links with manual fragments: 11 3 19 11 8 24 24 Disambiguation of Polish links with redundant alt parameters: 7 5 22 14 6 23 24 Disambiguation of Polish links with redundant wikilinks: 5 2 28 6 4 28 27 Disambiguation of Polish prepositions: 10 5 15 11 7 20 32 Disambiguation of Western Kraków Polish: 9 3 23 9 7 25 25

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "zlw-opl:*chyba",
        "tree": "+"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *kʷsewbʰ-der.\nProto-Slavic *xybъ\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-ā́ˀtei\nProto-Slavic *-ati\nProto-Slavic *xybati\nProto-Indo-European *-yeti\nProto-Indo-European *-éyeti\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-éitei\nProto-Slavic *-iti\nProto-Slavic *xybiti\nProto-Slavic *xyba\nOld Polish *chyba\nPolish chyba",
      "name": "ety"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "",
        "2": "i",
        "3": "I"
      },
      "expansion": "I",
      "name": "yesno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "zlw-opl",
        "3": "*chyba",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old Polish *chyba",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "zlw-opl",
        "3": "*chyba"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish *chyba",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*xyba"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *xyba",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "+deverbal",
        "2": "pl",
        "3": "chybić"
      },
      "expansion": "By surface analysis, deverbal from chybić",
      "name": "surf"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "16th century"
      },
      "expansion": "First attested in the 16th century",
      "name": "etydate"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *kʷsewbʰ-der.\nProto-Slavic *xybъ\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-ā́ˀtei\nProto-Slavic *-ati\nProto-Slavic *xybati\nProto-Indo-European *-yeti\nProto-Indo-European *-éyeti\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-éitei\nProto-Slavic *-iti\nProto-Slavic *xybiti\nProto-Slavic *xyba\nOld Polish *chyba\nPolish chyba\nInherited from Old Polish *chyba, from Proto-Slavic *xyba. By surface analysis, deverbal from chybić. First attested in the 16th century.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pl-decl-combined-forms",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chybam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "combined-form",
        "object-first-person",
        "object-singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chybaśmy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "combined-form",
        "object-first-person",
        "object-plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chybaś",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "combined-form",
        "object-second-person",
        "object-singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chybaście",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "combined-form",
        "object-plural",
        "object-second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chyba",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "combined-form",
        "object-singular",
        "object-third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chyba",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "combined-form",
        "object-plural",
        "object-third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cheba",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chiba",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "chy‧ba"
  ],
  "hyphenations": [
    {
      "parts": [
        "chy‧ba"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "pl-decl-combined-forms"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "particle",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "expresses confidence but not certainty; probably; I think, I guess"
      ],
      "id": "en-chyba-pl-particle-xtYRUIRk",
      "links": [
        [
          "probably",
          "probably"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle Polish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Podhale Polish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "1 2 8 1 1 1 1 2 3 2 2 1 15 2 2 14 15 2 1 11 1 2 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "1 1 35 1 1 31 31",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle Polish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 3 18 7 4 19 19 7 4 15",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with etymology trees",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 2 11 28 5 34 14",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Podhale Polish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 2 28 5 4 28 27",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish deverbals",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 3 26 7 5 26 26",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish entries with etymology trees",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "9 3 27 10 3 23 25",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "11 3 19 11 8 24 24",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 5 22 14 6 23 24",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 2 28 6 4 28 27",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 2 25 5 4 35 24",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish particles",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "9 3 23 9 7 25 25",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Western Kraków Polish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              20,
              25
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              26,
              30
            ]
          ],
          "english": "He doesn't have children, only one daughter.",
          "raw_tags": [
            "Podhale"
          ],
          "text": "On ta dzieci ni ma, chyba jednę córkę.",
          "translation": "He doesn't have children, only one daughter.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "delimiting particle; only, just, merely"
      ],
      "id": "en-chyba-pl-particle-c2mEqgCG",
      "links": [
        [
          "only",
          "only"
        ],
        [
          "just",
          "just"
        ],
        [
          "merely",
          "merely"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "Middle Polish or Podhale",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Middle Polish or Podhale) delimiting particle; only, just, merely"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "jedynie"
        },
        {
          "word": "tylko"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈxɘ.ba/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈxɨ.ba/",
      "tags": [
        "Middle",
        "Polish"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈxɘ.ba]",
      "note": "Western Kraków"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈxɘ.ba]",
      "note": "Lasovia"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈxɘ.ba]",
      "note": "Biecz"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈxɘ.ba]",
      "note": "Podhale"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɘba"
    }
  ],
  "word": "chyba"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "zlw-opl:*chyba",
        "tree": "+"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *kʷsewbʰ-der.\nProto-Slavic *xybъ\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-ā́ˀtei\nProto-Slavic *-ati\nProto-Slavic *xybati\nProto-Indo-European *-yeti\nProto-Indo-European *-éyeti\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-éitei\nProto-Slavic *-iti\nProto-Slavic *xybiti\nProto-Slavic *xyba\nOld Polish *chyba\nPolish chyba",
      "name": "ety"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "",
        "2": "i",
        "3": "I"
      },
      "expansion": "I",
      "name": "yesno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "zlw-opl",
        "3": "*chyba",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old Polish *chyba",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "zlw-opl",
        "3": "*chyba"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish *chyba",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*xyba"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *xyba",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "+deverbal",
        "2": "pl",
        "3": "chybić"
      },
      "expansion": "By surface analysis, deverbal from chybić",
      "name": "surf"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "16th century"
      },
      "expansion": "First attested in the 16th century",
      "name": "etydate"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *kʷsewbʰ-der.\nProto-Slavic *xybъ\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-ā́ˀtei\nProto-Slavic *-ati\nProto-Slavic *xybati\nProto-Indo-European *-yeti\nProto-Indo-European *-éyeti\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-éitei\nProto-Slavic *-iti\nProto-Slavic *xybiti\nProto-Slavic *xyba\nOld Polish *chyba\nPolish chyba\nInherited from Old Polish *chyba, from Proto-Slavic *xyba. By surface analysis, deverbal from chybić. First attested in the 16th century.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "chybka",
      "tags": [
        "dialectal",
        "diminutive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pl-decl-noun-f",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chyba",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chyby",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chyby",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chyb",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chybie",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chybom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chybę",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chyby",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chybą",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chybami",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chybie",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chybach",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chybo",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chyby",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cheba",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chiba",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f",
        "dim": "chybka<l:dialectal>"
      },
      "expansion": "chyba f (diminutive (dialectal) chybka)",
      "name": "pl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "chy‧ba"
  ],
  "hyphenations": [
    {
      "parts": [
        "chy‧ba"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "pl-decl-noun-f"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "11 3 19 11 8 24 24",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "error, mistake"
      ],
      "id": "en-chyba-pl-noun-3y4y1QRS",
      "links": [
        [
          "error",
          "error"
        ],
        [
          "mistake",
          "mistake"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) error, mistake"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "błąd"
        },
        {
          "word": "pomyłka"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "obsolete"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "miss, failure"
      ],
      "id": "en-chyba-pl-noun-ZFqQK2Rr",
      "links": [
        [
          "miss",
          "miss"
        ],
        [
          "failure",
          "failure"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) miss, failure"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "obsolete"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle Polish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "1 2 8 1 1 1 1 2 3 2 2 1 15 2 2 14 15 2 1 11 1 2 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "1 1 35 1 1 31 31",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle Polish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 3 18 7 4 19 19 7 4 15",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with etymology trees",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 2 11 28 5 34 14",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Podhale Polish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 2 28 5 4 28 27",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish deverbals",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 3 26 7 5 26 26",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish entries with etymology trees",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "9 3 27 10 3 23 25",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "11 3 19 11 8 24 24",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 5 22 14 6 23 24",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 2 28 6 4 28 27",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "9 3 23 9 7 25 25",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Western Kraków Polish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "falsehood; trick, deception"
      ],
      "id": "en-chyba-pl-noun-4VbcyqLm",
      "links": [
        [
          "falsehood",
          "falsehood"
        ],
        [
          "trick",
          "trick"
        ],
        [
          "deception",
          "deception"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Middle Polish) falsehood; trick, deception"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Middle",
        "Polish",
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Biecz Polish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Lasovia Polish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Podhale Polish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Western Kraków Polish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "9 2 15 33 6 18 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Biecz Polish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "9 2 13 35 6 17 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Lasovia Polish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 2 11 28 5 34 14",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Podhale Polish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "9 3 27 10 3 23 25",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "11 3 19 11 8 24 24",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 5 22 14 6 23 24",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              4,
              9
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              9,
              13
            ]
          ],
          "english": "I have a loss in my harvest.",
          "raw_tags": [
            "Lasovia"
          ],
          "text": "Mam chybę w ûrodzaju.",
          "translation": "I have a loss in my harvest.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              4,
              9
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              9,
              16
            ]
          ],
          "english": "I have a failure in my farm.",
          "raw_tags": [
            "Lasovia"
          ],
          "text": "Mam chybę w gôspodarztwie.",
          "translation": "I have a failure in my farm.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              12,
              17
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              11,
              18
            ]
          ],
          "english": "You made a failure in the estate.",
          "raw_tags": [
            "Lasovia"
          ],
          "text": "Zrobiłeś mu chybę w majątku.",
          "translation": "You made a failure in the estate.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              5
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              2,
              9
            ]
          ],
          "english": "A failure happened.",
          "raw_tags": [
            "Podhale"
          ],
          "text": "Chyba się stała.",
          "translation": "A failure happened.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "loss; lack; damage; failure; defect"
      ],
      "id": "en-chyba-pl-noun-aNucLAoS",
      "links": [
        [
          "loss",
          "loss"
        ],
        [
          "lack",
          "lack"
        ],
        [
          "damage",
          "damage"
        ],
        [
          "failure",
          "failure"
        ],
        [
          "defect",
          "defect"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Western Kraków, Biecz, Lasovia, Podhale) loss; lack; damage; failure; defect"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈxɘ.ba/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈxɨ.ba/",
      "tags": [
        "Middle",
        "Polish"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈxɘ.ba]",
      "note": "Western Kraków"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈxɘ.ba]",
      "note": "Lasovia"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈxɘ.ba]",
      "note": "Biecz"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈxɘ.ba]",
      "note": "Podhale"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɘba"
    }
  ],
  "word": "chyba"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "zlw-opl:*chyba",
        "tree": "+"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *kʷsewbʰ-der.\nProto-Slavic *xybъ\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-ā́ˀtei\nProto-Slavic *-ati\nProto-Slavic *xybati\nProto-Indo-European *-yeti\nProto-Indo-European *-éyeti\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-éitei\nProto-Slavic *-iti\nProto-Slavic *xybiti\nProto-Slavic *xyba\nOld Polish *chyba\nPolish chyba",
      "name": "ety"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "",
        "2": "i",
        "3": "I"
      },
      "expansion": "I",
      "name": "yesno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "zlw-opl",
        "3": "*chyba",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old Polish *chyba",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "zlw-opl",
        "3": "*chyba"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish *chyba",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*xyba"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *xyba",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "+deverbal",
        "2": "pl",
        "3": "chybić"
      },
      "expansion": "By surface analysis, deverbal from chybić",
      "name": "surf"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "16th century"
      },
      "expansion": "First attested in the 16th century",
      "name": "etydate"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *kʷsewbʰ-der.\nProto-Slavic *xybъ\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-ā́ˀtei\nProto-Slavic *-ati\nProto-Slavic *xybati\nProto-Indo-European *-yeti\nProto-Indo-European *-éyeti\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-éitei\nProto-Slavic *-iti\nProto-Slavic *xybiti\nProto-Slavic *xyba\nOld Polish *chyba\nPolish chyba\nInherited from Old Polish *chyba, from Proto-Slavic *xyba. By surface analysis, deverbal from chybić. First attested in the 16th century.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "cheba",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chiba",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "chy‧ba"
  ],
  "hyphenations": [
    {
      "parts": [
        "chy‧ba"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "prep",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle Polish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "1 3 8 1 1 1 1 3 4 3 3 1 11 3 2 11 18 3 2 8 1 3 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 5 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "1 2 8 1 1 1 1 2 3 2 2 1 15 2 2 14 15 2 1 11 1 2 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "1 1 35 1 1 31 31",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle Polish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 1 17 4 3 17 33 5 3 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 3 18 7 4 19 19 7 4 15",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with etymology trees",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 2 11 28 5 34 14",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Podhale Polish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 2 28 5 4 28 27",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish deverbals",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 3 26 7 5 26 26",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish entries with etymology trees",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "9 3 27 10 3 23 25",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "11 3 19 11 8 24 24",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 5 22 14 6 23 24",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 2 28 6 4 28 27",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "10 5 15 11 7 20 32",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish prepositions",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "9 3 23 9 7 25 25",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Western Kraków Polish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "conjunction"
          ],
          "word": "chyba że"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "particle"
          ],
          "word": "no chyba"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "denotes lack; without; except; barring"
      ],
      "id": "en-chyba-pl-prep-j9bB3AZL",
      "info_templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pl",
            "2": "gen"
          },
          "expansion": "[with genitive]",
          "extra_data": {
            "tags": [
              "genitive"
            ]
          },
          "name": "+obj"
        }
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "without",
          "without"
        ],
        [
          "except",
          "except"
        ],
        [
          "barring",
          "barring"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Middle Polish) denotes lack; without; except; barring [with genitive]"
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "adjective"
          ],
          "word": "niechybny"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "noun"
          ],
          "word": "uchybienie"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "imperfective",
            "verb"
          ],
          "word": "chybić"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "imperfective",
            "verb"
          ],
          "word": "chybotać"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Middle",
        "Polish"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈxɘ.ba/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈxɨ.ba/",
      "tags": [
        "Middle",
        "Polish"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈxɘ.ba]",
      "note": "Western Kraków"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈxɘ.ba]",
      "note": "Lasovia"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈxɘ.ba]",
      "note": "Biecz"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈxɘ.ba]",
      "note": "Podhale"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɘba"
    }
  ],
  "word": "chyba"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Biecz Polish",
    "Lasovia Polish",
    "Middle Polish",
    "Pages using etymon with no ID",
    "Pages with 5 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Pages with etymology trees",
    "Podhale Polish",
    "Polish 2-syllable words",
    "Polish deverbals",
    "Polish entries with etymology trees",
    "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Polish feminine nouns",
    "Polish lemmas",
    "Polish links with manual fragments",
    "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
    "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Polish nouns",
    "Polish particles",
    "Polish prepositions",
    "Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
    "Polish terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
    "Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
    "Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kʷsewbʰ-",
    "Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
    "Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
    "Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
    "Rhymes:Polish/ɘba",
    "Rhymes:Polish/ɘba/2 syllables",
    "Western Kraków Polish"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "zlw-opl:*chyba",
        "tree": "+"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *kʷsewbʰ-der.\nProto-Slavic *xybъ\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-ā́ˀtei\nProto-Slavic *-ati\nProto-Slavic *xybati\nProto-Indo-European *-yeti\nProto-Indo-European *-éyeti\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-éitei\nProto-Slavic *-iti\nProto-Slavic *xybiti\nProto-Slavic *xyba\nOld Polish *chyba\nPolish chyba",
      "name": "ety"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "",
        "2": "i",
        "3": "I"
      },
      "expansion": "I",
      "name": "yesno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "zlw-opl",
        "3": "*chyba",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old Polish *chyba",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "zlw-opl",
        "3": "*chyba"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish *chyba",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*xyba"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *xyba",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "+deverbal",
        "2": "pl",
        "3": "chybić"
      },
      "expansion": "By surface analysis, deverbal from chybić",
      "name": "surf"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "16th century"
      },
      "expansion": "First attested in the 16th century",
      "name": "etydate"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *kʷsewbʰ-der.\nProto-Slavic *xybъ\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-ā́ˀtei\nProto-Slavic *-ati\nProto-Slavic *xybati\nProto-Indo-European *-yeti\nProto-Indo-European *-éyeti\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-éitei\nProto-Slavic *-iti\nProto-Slavic *xybiti\nProto-Slavic *xyba\nOld Polish *chyba\nPolish chyba\nInherited from Old Polish *chyba, from Proto-Slavic *xyba. By surface analysis, deverbal from chybić. First attested in the 16th century.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pl-decl-combined-forms",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chybam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "combined-form",
        "object-first-person",
        "object-singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chybaśmy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "combined-form",
        "object-first-person",
        "object-plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chybaś",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "combined-form",
        "object-second-person",
        "object-singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chybaście",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "combined-form",
        "object-plural",
        "object-second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chyba",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "combined-form",
        "object-singular",
        "object-third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chyba",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "combined-form",
        "object-plural",
        "object-third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cheba",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chiba",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "chy‧ba"
  ],
  "hyphenations": [
    {
      "parts": [
        "chy‧ba"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "pl-decl-combined-forms"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "particle",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "expresses confidence but not certainty; probably; I think, I guess"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "probably",
          "probably"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle Polish",
        "Podhale Polish",
        "Polish terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              20,
              25
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              26,
              30
            ]
          ],
          "english": "He doesn't have children, only one daughter.",
          "raw_tags": [
            "Podhale"
          ],
          "text": "On ta dzieci ni ma, chyba jednę córkę.",
          "translation": "He doesn't have children, only one daughter.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "delimiting particle; only, just, merely"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "only",
          "only"
        ],
        [
          "just",
          "just"
        ],
        [
          "merely",
          "merely"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "Middle Polish or Podhale",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Middle Polish or Podhale) delimiting particle; only, just, merely"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "jedynie"
        },
        {
          "word": "tylko"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈxɘ.ba/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈxɨ.ba/",
      "tags": [
        "Middle",
        "Polish"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈxɘ.ba]",
      "note": "Western Kraków"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈxɘ.ba]",
      "note": "Lasovia"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈxɘ.ba]",
      "note": "Biecz"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈxɘ.ba]",
      "note": "Podhale"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɘba"
    }
  ],
  "word": "chyba"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Biecz Polish",
    "Lasovia Polish",
    "Middle Polish",
    "Pages using etymon with no ID",
    "Pages with 5 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Pages with etymology trees",
    "Podhale Polish",
    "Polish 2-syllable words",
    "Polish deverbals",
    "Polish entries with etymology trees",
    "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Polish feminine nouns",
    "Polish lemmas",
    "Polish links with manual fragments",
    "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
    "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Polish nouns",
    "Polish particles",
    "Polish prepositions",
    "Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
    "Polish terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
    "Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
    "Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kʷsewbʰ-",
    "Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
    "Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
    "Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
    "Rhymes:Polish/ɘba",
    "Rhymes:Polish/ɘba/2 syllables",
    "Western Kraków Polish"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "zlw-opl:*chyba",
        "tree": "+"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *kʷsewbʰ-der.\nProto-Slavic *xybъ\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-ā́ˀtei\nProto-Slavic *-ati\nProto-Slavic *xybati\nProto-Indo-European *-yeti\nProto-Indo-European *-éyeti\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-éitei\nProto-Slavic *-iti\nProto-Slavic *xybiti\nProto-Slavic *xyba\nOld Polish *chyba\nPolish chyba",
      "name": "ety"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "",
        "2": "i",
        "3": "I"
      },
      "expansion": "I",
      "name": "yesno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "zlw-opl",
        "3": "*chyba",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old Polish *chyba",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "zlw-opl",
        "3": "*chyba"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish *chyba",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*xyba"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *xyba",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "+deverbal",
        "2": "pl",
        "3": "chybić"
      },
      "expansion": "By surface analysis, deverbal from chybić",
      "name": "surf"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "16th century"
      },
      "expansion": "First attested in the 16th century",
      "name": "etydate"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *kʷsewbʰ-der.\nProto-Slavic *xybъ\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-ā́ˀtei\nProto-Slavic *-ati\nProto-Slavic *xybati\nProto-Indo-European *-yeti\nProto-Indo-European *-éyeti\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-éitei\nProto-Slavic *-iti\nProto-Slavic *xybiti\nProto-Slavic *xyba\nOld Polish *chyba\nPolish chyba\nInherited from Old Polish *chyba, from Proto-Slavic *xyba. By surface analysis, deverbal from chybić. First attested in the 16th century.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "chybka",
      "tags": [
        "dialectal",
        "diminutive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pl-decl-noun-f",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chyba",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chyby",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chyby",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chyb",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chybie",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chybom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chybę",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chyby",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chybą",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chybami",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chybie",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chybach",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chybo",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chyby",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cheba",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chiba",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f",
        "dim": "chybka<l:dialectal>"
      },
      "expansion": "chyba f (diminutive (dialectal) chybka)",
      "name": "pl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "chy‧ba"
  ],
  "hyphenations": [
    {
      "parts": [
        "chy‧ba"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "pl-decl-noun-f"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Polish terms with obsolete senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "error, mistake"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "error",
          "error"
        ],
        [
          "mistake",
          "mistake"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) error, mistake"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "błąd"
        },
        {
          "word": "pomyłka"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "obsolete"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Polish terms with obsolete senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "miss, failure"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "miss",
          "miss"
        ],
        [
          "failure",
          "failure"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) miss, failure"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "obsolete"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle Polish"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "falsehood; trick, deception"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "falsehood",
          "falsehood"
        ],
        [
          "trick",
          "trick"
        ],
        [
          "deception",
          "deception"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Middle Polish) falsehood; trick, deception"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Middle",
        "Polish",
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Biecz Polish",
        "Lasovia Polish",
        "Podhale Polish",
        "Polish terms with usage examples",
        "Western Kraków Polish"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              4,
              9
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              9,
              13
            ]
          ],
          "english": "I have a loss in my harvest.",
          "raw_tags": [
            "Lasovia"
          ],
          "text": "Mam chybę w ûrodzaju.",
          "translation": "I have a loss in my harvest.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              4,
              9
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              9,
              16
            ]
          ],
          "english": "I have a failure in my farm.",
          "raw_tags": [
            "Lasovia"
          ],
          "text": "Mam chybę w gôspodarztwie.",
          "translation": "I have a failure in my farm.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              12,
              17
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              11,
              18
            ]
          ],
          "english": "You made a failure in the estate.",
          "raw_tags": [
            "Lasovia"
          ],
          "text": "Zrobiłeś mu chybę w majątku.",
          "translation": "You made a failure in the estate.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              5
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              2,
              9
            ]
          ],
          "english": "A failure happened.",
          "raw_tags": [
            "Podhale"
          ],
          "text": "Chyba się stała.",
          "translation": "A failure happened.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "loss; lack; damage; failure; defect"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "loss",
          "loss"
        ],
        [
          "lack",
          "lack"
        ],
        [
          "damage",
          "damage"
        ],
        [
          "failure",
          "failure"
        ],
        [
          "defect",
          "defect"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Western Kraków, Biecz, Lasovia, Podhale) loss; lack; damage; failure; defect"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈxɘ.ba/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈxɨ.ba/",
      "tags": [
        "Middle",
        "Polish"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈxɘ.ba]",
      "note": "Western Kraków"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈxɘ.ba]",
      "note": "Lasovia"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈxɘ.ba]",
      "note": "Biecz"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈxɘ.ba]",
      "note": "Podhale"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɘba"
    }
  ],
  "word": "chyba"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Biecz Polish",
    "Lasovia Polish",
    "Middle Polish",
    "Pages using etymon with no ID",
    "Pages with 5 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Pages with etymology trees",
    "Podhale Polish",
    "Polish 2-syllable words",
    "Polish deverbals",
    "Polish entries with etymology trees",
    "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Polish feminine nouns",
    "Polish lemmas",
    "Polish links with manual fragments",
    "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
    "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Polish nouns",
    "Polish particles",
    "Polish prepositions",
    "Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
    "Polish terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
    "Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
    "Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kʷsewbʰ-",
    "Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
    "Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
    "Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
    "Rhymes:Polish/ɘba",
    "Rhymes:Polish/ɘba/2 syllables",
    "Western Kraków Polish"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "conjunction"
      ],
      "word": "chyba że"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "particle"
      ],
      "word": "no chyba"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "zlw-opl:*chyba",
        "tree": "+"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *kʷsewbʰ-der.\nProto-Slavic *xybъ\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-ā́ˀtei\nProto-Slavic *-ati\nProto-Slavic *xybati\nProto-Indo-European *-yeti\nProto-Indo-European *-éyeti\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-éitei\nProto-Slavic *-iti\nProto-Slavic *xybiti\nProto-Slavic *xyba\nOld Polish *chyba\nPolish chyba",
      "name": "ety"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "",
        "2": "i",
        "3": "I"
      },
      "expansion": "I",
      "name": "yesno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "zlw-opl",
        "3": "*chyba",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old Polish *chyba",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "zlw-opl",
        "3": "*chyba"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish *chyba",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*xyba"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *xyba",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "+deverbal",
        "2": "pl",
        "3": "chybić"
      },
      "expansion": "By surface analysis, deverbal from chybić",
      "name": "surf"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "16th century"
      },
      "expansion": "First attested in the 16th century",
      "name": "etydate"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *kʷsewbʰ-der.\nProto-Slavic *xybъ\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-ā́ˀtei\nProto-Slavic *-ati\nProto-Slavic *xybati\nProto-Indo-European *-yeti\nProto-Indo-European *-éyeti\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-éitei\nProto-Slavic *-iti\nProto-Slavic *xybiti\nProto-Slavic *xyba\nOld Polish *chyba\nPolish chyba\nInherited from Old Polish *chyba, from Proto-Slavic *xyba. By surface analysis, deverbal from chybić. First attested in the 16th century.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "cheba",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chiba",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "chy‧ba"
  ],
  "hyphenations": [
    {
      "parts": [
        "chy‧ba"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "prep",
  "related": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "adjective"
      ],
      "word": "niechybny"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "uchybienie"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "verb"
      ],
      "word": "chybić"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "verb"
      ],
      "word": "chybotać"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle Polish"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "denotes lack; without; except; barring"
      ],
      "info_templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pl",
            "2": "gen"
          },
          "expansion": "[with genitive]",
          "extra_data": {
            "tags": [
              "genitive"
            ]
          },
          "name": "+obj"
        }
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "without",
          "without"
        ],
        [
          "except",
          "except"
        ],
        [
          "barring",
          "barring"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Middle Polish) denotes lack; without; except; barring [with genitive]"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Middle",
        "Polish"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈxɘ.ba/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈxɨ.ba/",
      "tags": [
        "Middle",
        "Polish"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈxɘ.ba]",
      "note": "Western Kraków"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈxɘ.ba]",
      "note": "Lasovia"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈxɘ.ba]",
      "note": "Biecz"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈxɘ.ba]",
      "note": "Podhale"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɘba"
    }
  ],
  "word": "chyba"
}

Download raw JSONL data for chyba meaning in Polish (16.7kB)

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
  "msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Western Kraków, Biecz, Lasovia, Podhale",
  "path": [
    "chyba"
  ],
  "section": "Polish",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "chyba",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
  "msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Western Kraków, Biecz, Lasovia, Podhale",
  "path": [
    "chyba"
  ],
  "section": "Polish",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "chyba",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
  "msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Western Kraków, Biecz, Lasovia, Podhale",
  "path": [
    "chyba"
  ],
  "section": "Polish",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "chyba",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
  "msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Western Kraków, Biecz, Lasovia, Podhale",
  "path": [
    "chyba"
  ],
  "section": "Polish",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "chyba",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
  "msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Western Kraków, Biecz, Lasovia, Podhale",
  "path": [
    "chyba"
  ],
  "section": "Polish",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "chyba",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
  "msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Western Kraków, Biecz, Lasovia, Podhale",
  "path": [
    "chyba"
  ],
  "section": "Polish",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "chyba",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
  "msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Western Kraków, Biecz, Lasovia, Podhale",
  "path": [
    "chyba"
  ],
  "section": "Polish",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "chyba",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
  "msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Western Kraków, Biecz, Lasovia, Podhale",
  "path": [
    "chyba"
  ],
  "section": "Polish",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "chyba",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-02-14 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-02-01 using wiktextract (f492ef9 and 59dc20b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.