See chwytać in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for chwytać meaning in Polish (18.7kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "nachwytać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "pochwytać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "pochwycić"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "podchwytywać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "podchwycić"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "przechwytywać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "przechwycić"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "przychwytywać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "przychwycić"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "schwycić"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "uchwytywać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "uchwycić"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "wychwytać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "wychwytywać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "wychwycić"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "zachwycać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zachwycić"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "chytać"
},
"expansion": "chytać",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*xytati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *xytati",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "chwatać"
},
"expansion": "chwatać",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*xvatati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *xvatati",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Influenced by the now dialectal word chytać, from Proto-Slavic *xytati, and the now obsolete word chwatać, from Proto-Slavic *xvatati.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chwycić",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-conj-ai-am,asz",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "chwytać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "chwytam",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chwytamy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "chwytasz",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chwytacie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "chwyta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chwytają",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chwyta się",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"impersonal",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "chwytałem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)m chwytał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chwytałam",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)m chwytała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chwytałom",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)m chwytało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chwytaliśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)śmy chwytali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "chwytałyśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)śmy chwytały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chwytałeś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ś chwytał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chwytałaś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ś chwytała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chwytałoś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ś chwytało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chwytaliście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ście chwytali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "chwytałyście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ście chwytały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chwytał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chwytała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chwytało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chwytali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "chwytały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chwytano",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"impersonal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "będę chwytał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę chwytać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę chwytała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę chwytać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę chwytało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę chwytać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziemy chwytali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będziemy chwytać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będziemy chwytały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "będziemy chwytać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz chwytał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz chwytać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz chwytała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz chwytać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz chwytało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz chwytać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziecie chwytali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będziecie chwytać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będziecie chwytały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "będziecie chwytać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie chwytał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie chwytać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie chwytała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie chwytać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie chwytało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie chwytać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będą chwytali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będą chwytać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będą chwytały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będą chwytać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie chwytać się",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"impersonal"
]
},
{
"form": "chwytałbym",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bym chwytał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chwytałabym",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bym chwytała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chwytałobym",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bym chwytało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chwytalibyśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "byśmy chwytali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "chwytałybyśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "byśmy chwytały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chwytałbyś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byś chwytał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chwytałabyś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byś chwytała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chwytałobyś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byś chwytało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chwytalibyście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "byście chwytali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "chwytałybyście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "byście chwytały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chwytałby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by chwytał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chwytałaby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by chwytała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chwytałoby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by chwytało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chwytaliby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "by chwytali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "chwytałyby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by chwytały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chwytano by",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"impersonal"
]
},
{
"form": "niech chwytam",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chwytajmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chwytaj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chwytajcie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "niech chwyta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "niech chwytają",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chwytający",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"masculine",
"participle",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chwytająca",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"feminine",
"participle",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chwytające",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"neuter",
"participle",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chwytający",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"participle",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "chwytające",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"nonvirile",
"participle",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chwytany",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"masculine",
"participle",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chwytana",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"feminine",
"participle",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chwytane",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"neuter",
"participle",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chwytani",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"participle",
"passive",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "chwytane",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"nonvirile",
"participle",
"passive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chwytając",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"contemporary",
"participle"
]
},
{
"form": "chwytanie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "impf",
"pf": "chwycić"
},
"expansion": "chwytać impf (perfective chwycić)",
"name": "pl-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"chwy‧tać"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "chwyta",
"2": "pp"
},
"name": "pl-conj-ai-am,asz"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "chwytać",
"2": "chwytam",
"3": "chwyta",
"4": "chwytają",
"5": "chwyta",
"6": "chwyta",
"7": "chwyta",
"8": "chwytaj",
"ip": "chwytano",
"pp": "chwytan",
"pp2": "chwytani",
"vn": "chwytanie"
},
"name": "pl-conj-ai"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "chwytliwy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "chwytny"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "chwyt"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "chwytak"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to grab, to seize, to grasp (to take hold of quickly)"
],
"id": "en-chwytać-pl-verb-qaXT7wfo",
"links": [
[
"grab",
"grab"
],
[
"seize",
"seize"
],
[
"grasp",
"grasp"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to grab, to seize, to grasp (to take hold of quickly)"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to catch, to trap (e.g. an animal)"
],
"id": "en-chwytać-pl-verb-A-bAN3Jp",
"links": [
[
"catch",
"catch"
],
[
"trap",
"trap"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to catch, to trap (e.g. an animal)"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to catch, to apprehend (a criminal)"
],
"id": "en-chwytać-pl-verb-KY6em3dI",
"links": [
[
"catch",
"catch"
],
[
"apprehend",
"apprehend"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to catch, to apprehend (a criminal)"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to take up, to employ (to pick up with the intention of using) [+ za (accusative)]",
"to take up, to employ (to pick up with the intention of using)"
],
"id": "en-chwytać-pl-verb-f1yu0NLX",
"links": [
[
"take up",
"take up"
],
[
"employ",
"employ"
],
[
"za",
"za#Polish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to take up, to employ (to pick up with the intention of using) [+ za (accusative)]"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to take, to grab, to make the most of (e.g. a chance, an opportunity)"
],
"id": "en-chwytać-pl-verb-4OGw8t1A",
"links": [
[
"take",
"take"
],
[
"grab",
"grab"
],
[
"make the most of",
"make the most of"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to take, to grab, to make the most of (e.g. a chance, an opportunity)"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to sense, to notice, to perceive"
],
"id": "en-chwytać-pl-verb-uuj8OHQp",
"links": [
[
"sense",
"sense"
],
[
"notice",
"notice"
],
[
"perceive",
"perceive"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to sense, to notice, to perceive"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to get, to grasp, to understand"
],
"id": "en-chwytać-pl-verb-C4wtXVaE",
"links": [
[
"get",
"get"
],
[
"grasp",
"grasp"
],
[
"understand",
"understand"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, colloquial) to get, to grasp, to understand"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"imperfective",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to take, to catch on (to become accepted)"
],
"id": "en-chwytać-pl-verb-YClsdJ36",
"links": [
[
"take",
"take"
],
[
"catch on",
"catch on"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, colloquial) to take, to catch on (to become accepted)"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"imperfective",
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to grab oneself, to grasp oneself"
],
"id": "en-chwytać-pl-verb-zgP1xdKI",
"links": [
[
"się",
"się#Polish"
],
[
"grab",
"grab"
],
[
"grasp",
"grasp"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(reflexive with się) to grab oneself, to grasp oneself"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with się"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to catch oneself, to notice one's behaviour"
],
"id": "en-chwytać-pl-verb-uru5yJlq",
"links": [
[
"się",
"się#Polish"
],
[
"catch",
"catch"
],
[
"notice",
"notice"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(reflexive with się) to catch oneself, to notice one's behaviour"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with się"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to hold on, to keep one's balance by holding [+genitive]",
"to hold on, to keep one's balance by holding"
],
"id": "en-chwytać-pl-verb-5XXLLY5I",
"links": [
[
"się",
"się#Polish"
],
[
"hold on",
"hold on"
],
[
"keep",
"keep"
],
[
"balance",
"balance"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(reflexive with się) to hold on, to keep one's balance by holding [+genitive]"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with się"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 2 2 15 4 3 3 4 2 14 6 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to get into, to throw oneself into, to become interested in [+genitive]",
"to get into, to throw oneself into, to become interested in"
],
"id": "en-chwytać-pl-verb-qz7Xgjsd",
"links": [
[
"się",
"się#Polish"
],
[
"get into",
"get into"
],
[
"throw oneself into",
"throw oneself into"
],
[
"interested",
"interested"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(reflexive with się) to get into, to throw oneself into, to become interested in [+genitive]"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with się"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"reflexive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈxfɨ.tat͡ɕ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɨtat͡ɕ"
}
],
"word": "chwytać"
}
{
"categories": [
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish imperfective verbs",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio links",
"Polish verbs",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɨtat͡ɕ",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɨtat͡ɕ/2 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "nachwytać"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "pochwytać"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "pochwycić"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "podchwytywać"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "podchwycić"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "przechwytywać"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "przechwycić"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "przychwytywać"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "przychwycić"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "schwycić"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "uchwytywać"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "uchwycić"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "wychwytać"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "wychwytywać"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "wychwycić"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "zachwycać"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zachwycić"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "chytać"
},
"expansion": "chytać",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*xytati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *xytati",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "chwatać"
},
"expansion": "chwatać",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*xvatati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *xvatati",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Influenced by the now dialectal word chytać, from Proto-Slavic *xytati, and the now obsolete word chwatać, from Proto-Slavic *xvatati.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chwycić",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-conj-ai-am,asz",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "chwytać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "chwytam",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chwytamy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "chwytasz",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chwytacie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "chwyta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chwytają",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chwyta się",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"impersonal",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "chwytałem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)m chwytał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chwytałam",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)m chwytała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chwytałom",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)m chwytało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chwytaliśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)śmy chwytali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "chwytałyśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)śmy chwytały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chwytałeś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ś chwytał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chwytałaś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ś chwytała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chwytałoś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ś chwytało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chwytaliście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ście chwytali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "chwytałyście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ście chwytały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chwytał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chwytała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chwytało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chwytali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "chwytały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chwytano",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"impersonal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "będę chwytał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę chwytać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę chwytała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę chwytać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę chwytało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę chwytać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziemy chwytali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będziemy chwytać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będziemy chwytały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "będziemy chwytać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz chwytał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz chwytać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz chwytała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz chwytać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz chwytało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz chwytać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziecie chwytali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będziecie chwytać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będziecie chwytały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "będziecie chwytać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie chwytał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie chwytać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie chwytała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie chwytać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie chwytało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie chwytać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będą chwytali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będą chwytać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będą chwytały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będą chwytać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie chwytać się",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"impersonal"
]
},
{
"form": "chwytałbym",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bym chwytał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chwytałabym",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bym chwytała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chwytałobym",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bym chwytało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chwytalibyśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "byśmy chwytali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "chwytałybyśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "byśmy chwytały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chwytałbyś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byś chwytał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chwytałabyś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byś chwytała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chwytałobyś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byś chwytało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chwytalibyście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "byście chwytali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "chwytałybyście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "byście chwytały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chwytałby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by chwytał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chwytałaby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by chwytała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chwytałoby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by chwytało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chwytaliby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "by chwytali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "chwytałyby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by chwytały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chwytano by",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"impersonal"
]
},
{
"form": "niech chwytam",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chwytajmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chwytaj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chwytajcie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "niech chwyta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "niech chwytają",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chwytający",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"masculine",
"participle",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chwytająca",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"feminine",
"participle",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chwytające",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"neuter",
"participle",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chwytający",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"participle",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "chwytające",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"nonvirile",
"participle",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chwytany",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"masculine",
"participle",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chwytana",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"feminine",
"participle",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chwytane",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"neuter",
"participle",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chwytani",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"participle",
"passive",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "chwytane",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"nonvirile",
"participle",
"passive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chwytając",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"contemporary",
"participle"
]
},
{
"form": "chwytanie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "impf",
"pf": "chwycić"
},
"expansion": "chwytać impf (perfective chwycić)",
"name": "pl-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"chwy‧tać"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "chwyta",
"2": "pp"
},
"name": "pl-conj-ai-am,asz"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "chwytać",
"2": "chwytam",
"3": "chwyta",
"4": "chwytają",
"5": "chwyta",
"6": "chwyta",
"7": "chwyta",
"8": "chwytaj",
"ip": "chwytano",
"pp": "chwytan",
"pp2": "chwytani",
"vn": "chwytanie"
},
"name": "pl-conj-ai"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "chwytliwy"
},
{
"word": "chwytny"
},
{
"word": "chwyt"
},
{
"word": "chwytak"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Polish transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to grab, to seize, to grasp (to take hold of quickly)"
],
"links": [
[
"grab",
"grab"
],
[
"seize",
"seize"
],
[
"grasp",
"grasp"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to grab, to seize, to grasp (to take hold of quickly)"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to catch, to trap (e.g. an animal)"
],
"links": [
[
"catch",
"catch"
],
[
"trap",
"trap"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to catch, to trap (e.g. an animal)"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to catch, to apprehend (a criminal)"
],
"links": [
[
"catch",
"catch"
],
[
"apprehend",
"apprehend"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to catch, to apprehend (a criminal)"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to take up, to employ (to pick up with the intention of using) [+ za (accusative)]",
"to take up, to employ (to pick up with the intention of using)"
],
"links": [
[
"take up",
"take up"
],
[
"employ",
"employ"
],
[
"za",
"za#Polish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to take up, to employ (to pick up with the intention of using) [+ za (accusative)]"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to take, to grab, to make the most of (e.g. a chance, an opportunity)"
],
"links": [
[
"take",
"take"
],
[
"grab",
"grab"
],
[
"make the most of",
"make the most of"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to take, to grab, to make the most of (e.g. a chance, an opportunity)"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to sense, to notice, to perceive"
],
"links": [
[
"sense",
"sense"
],
[
"notice",
"notice"
],
[
"perceive",
"perceive"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to sense, to notice, to perceive"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish colloquialisms",
"Polish transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to get, to grasp, to understand"
],
"links": [
[
"get",
"get"
],
[
"grasp",
"grasp"
],
[
"understand",
"understand"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, colloquial) to get, to grasp, to understand"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"imperfective",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish colloquialisms",
"Polish intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to take, to catch on (to become accepted)"
],
"links": [
[
"take",
"take"
],
[
"catch on",
"catch on"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, colloquial) to take, to catch on (to become accepted)"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"imperfective",
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish reflexive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to grab oneself, to grasp oneself"
],
"links": [
[
"się",
"się#Polish"
],
[
"grab",
"grab"
],
[
"grasp",
"grasp"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(reflexive with się) to grab oneself, to grasp oneself"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with się"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish reflexive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to catch oneself, to notice one's behaviour"
],
"links": [
[
"się",
"się#Polish"
],
[
"catch",
"catch"
],
[
"notice",
"notice"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(reflexive with się) to catch oneself, to notice one's behaviour"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with się"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish reflexive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to hold on, to keep one's balance by holding [+genitive]",
"to hold on, to keep one's balance by holding"
],
"links": [
[
"się",
"się#Polish"
],
[
"hold on",
"hold on"
],
[
"keep",
"keep"
],
[
"balance",
"balance"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(reflexive with się) to hold on, to keep one's balance by holding [+genitive]"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with się"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish reflexive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to get into, to throw oneself into, to become interested in [+genitive]",
"to get into, to throw oneself into, to become interested in"
],
"links": [
[
"się",
"się#Polish"
],
[
"get into",
"get into"
],
[
"throw oneself into",
"throw oneself into"
],
[
"interested",
"interested"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(reflexive with się) to get into, to throw oneself into, to become interested in [+genitive]"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with się"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"reflexive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈxfɨ.tat͡ɕ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɨtat͡ɕ"
}
],
"word": "chwytać"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (93a6c53 and 21a9316). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.