See bula in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "fr:boule<id:ball>",
"etydate": "1613<ref:<span class=\"cited-source\">Jadwiga Chotkowska (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">19.08.2010), “BULA”, in <cite>Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku</cite> [<cite>Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century</cite>]</span></span>>",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *bew-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *bʰel-der.?\nLatin bullader.?\nFrankish *bollāder.?\nOld French bole\nMiddle French boule\nFrench boulebor.\nPolish bula\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"ball\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"gloss\" : \"bubble\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"gloss\" : \"swelling\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*bew-\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"blow\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*bʰel-\", \"gloss\" : \"to blow, to swell up\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"bulla\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"gloss\" : \"ball, bun, bowl, cup\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Frankish\", \"term\" : \"*bollā\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"frk\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"bole\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle French\", \"term\" : \"boule\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"frm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"boule\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"bula\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"bula\">\nBorrowed from French boule. First attested in 1613.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *bew-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *bʰel-der.?\nLatin bullader.?\nFrankish *bollāder.?\nOld French bole\nMiddle French boule\nFrench boulebor.\nPolish bula\nBorrowed from French boule. First attested in 1613.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "bula",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "buli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "buli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bulom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bulę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bulą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bulami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "buli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bulach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bulo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "bula f",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"bu‧la"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"bu‧la"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-f"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "36 29 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 33 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 28 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 28 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 31 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 20 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 25 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 28 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 30 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 31 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Zagórze Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Sports equipment",
"orig": "pl:Sports equipment",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"boule (one of the bowls used in the French game of boules)"
],
"id": "en-bula-pl-noun-0fJUuMBL",
"links": [
[
"boule",
"boule"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "36 29 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 33 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 28 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 28 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 25 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 30 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Sports equipment",
"orig": "pl:Sports equipment",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"protuberance (bulge of some surface)"
],
"id": "en-bula-pl-noun-KVvGY4Fa",
"links": [
[
"protuberance",
"protuberance"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "wybrzuszenie"
},
{
"word": "wypukłość"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Zagórze Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Medical signs and symptoms",
"orig": "pl:Medical signs and symptoms",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "36 29 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 33 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 28 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 28 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 25 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 30 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Sports equipment",
"orig": "pl:Sports equipment",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"synonym of krosta /gruczoł"
],
"id": "en-bula-pl-noun-78Lv0pal",
"links": [
[
"medicine",
"medicine"
],
[
"krosta",
"krosta#Polish"
],
[
"gruczoł",
"gruczoł#Polish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Zagórze, medicine) synonym of krosta /gruczoł"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "krosta /gruczoł"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbu.la/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈbu.la]",
"note": "Zagórze"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ula"
}
],
"word": "bula"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 27 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish entries with etymology texts",
"Polish entries with etymology trees",
"Polish entries with etymon",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish feminine nouns",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish terms borrowed from French",
"Polish terms derived from Frankish",
"Polish terms derived from French",
"Polish terms derived from Latin",
"Polish terms derived from Middle French",
"Polish terms derived from Old French",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰel- (blow)",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/ula",
"Rhymes:Polish/ula/2 syllables",
"Zagórze Polish",
"pl:Sports equipment"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "fr:boule<id:ball>",
"etydate": "1613<ref:<span class=\"cited-source\">Jadwiga Chotkowska (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">19.08.2010), “BULA”, in <cite>Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku</cite> [<cite>Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century</cite>]</span></span>>",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *bew-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *bʰel-der.?\nLatin bullader.?\nFrankish *bollāder.?\nOld French bole\nMiddle French boule\nFrench boulebor.\nPolish bula\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"ball\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"gloss\" : \"bubble\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"gloss\" : \"swelling\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*bew-\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"blow\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*bʰel-\", \"gloss\" : \"to blow, to swell up\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"bulla\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"gloss\" : \"ball, bun, bowl, cup\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Frankish\", \"term\" : \"*bollā\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"frk\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"bole\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle French\", \"term\" : \"boule\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"frm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"boule\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"bula\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"bula\">\nBorrowed from French boule. First attested in 1613.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *bew-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *bʰel-der.?\nLatin bullader.?\nFrankish *bollāder.?\nOld French bole\nMiddle French boule\nFrench boulebor.\nPolish bula\nBorrowed from French boule. First attested in 1613.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "bula",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "buli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "buli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bulom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bulę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bulą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bulami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "buli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bulach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bulo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "bula f",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"bu‧la"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"bu‧la"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-f"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"boule (one of the bowls used in the French game of boules)"
],
"links": [
[
"boule",
"boule"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"protuberance (bulge of some surface)"
],
"links": [
[
"protuberance",
"protuberance"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "wybrzuszenie"
},
{
"word": "wypukłość"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Zagórze Polish",
"pl:Medical signs and symptoms"
],
"glosses": [
"synonym of krosta /gruczoł"
],
"links": [
[
"medicine",
"medicine"
],
[
"krosta",
"krosta#Polish"
],
[
"gruczoł",
"gruczoł#Polish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Zagórze, medicine) synonym of krosta /gruczoł"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "krosta /gruczoł"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbu.la/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈbu.la]",
"note": "Zagórze"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ula"
}
],
"word": "bula"
}
Download raw JSONL data for bula meaning in Polish (6.1kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Zagórze, medicine",
"path": [
"bula"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "bula",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Zagórze, medicine",
"path": [
"bula"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "bula",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-08-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-08-05 using wiktextract (872fc7b and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.