See abo in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "zlw-opl:abo",
"text": "+",
"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *(h₁)ōd\nProto-Balto-Slavic *ō\nProto-Slavic *a\nProto-Indo-European *bʰo*\nProto-Balto-Slavic *ba\nProto-Slavic *bo\nProto-Slavic *abo\nOld Polish abo\nPolish abo\nInherited from Old Polish abo.",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *(h₁)ōd\nProto-Balto-Slavic *ō\nProto-Slavic *a\nProto-Indo-European *bʰo*\nProto-Balto-Slavic *ba\nProto-Slavic *bo\nProto-Slavic *abo\nOld Polish abo\nPolish abo\nInherited from Old Polish abo.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "conjunction"
},
"expansion": "abo",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"a‧bo"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"a‧bo"
]
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "conj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chełmno Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Eastern Greater Poland Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Far Masovian Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Kielce Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Kuyavian Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lasovia Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lubawa Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Malbork Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Masuria Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Near Masovian Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ostróda Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Podhale Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Poznań Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Southern Greater Poland Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Urban Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Warmia Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Western Kraków Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Łowicz Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Żywiec Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "49 11 4 24 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Far Masovian Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 11 5 22 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Kielce Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 12 5 20 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Kuyavian Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 8 3 14 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lasovia Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 12 5 20 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lubawa Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 6 3 27 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Near Masovian Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "44 10 4 32 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Podhale Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 14 5 36 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 7 27 27 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Warmia Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "44 9 4 34 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Łowicz Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"synonym of albo (“or”)"
],
"id": "en-abo-pl-conj-9U0mXybO",
"links": [
[
"albo",
"albo#Polish"
],
[
"or",
"or"
]
],
"qualifier": "Southern Greater Poland; Eastern Greater Poland; Masuria; Near Masovian; Southern Greater Poland; Eastern Greater Poland; Masuria; Near Masovian",
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic or dialectal, Kuyavia, Poznań, Southern Greater Poland, Eastern Greater Poland, Chełmno, Masuria, Ostróda, Warmia, Far Masovian, Near Masovian, Lubawa, Malbork, Łowicz, Kielce, Żywiec, Podhale, Western Kraków, Lasovia) synonym of albo (“or”)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "or",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "albo"
}
],
"tags": [
"Poznań",
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"Łowicz"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Krajna Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Northern Greater Poland Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "10 57 4 19 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Krajna Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 14 5 36 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"synonym of ale"
],
"id": "en-abo-pl-conj-U~Yt0vD7",
"links": [
[
"ale",
"ale#Polish"
]
],
"qualifier": "Northern Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Krajna, Wyrzysk, Samocin, Nakło nad Notecią, Northern Greater Poland, Kcynia) synonym of ale"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "ale"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈa.bɔ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈa.bɔ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈa.bɔ]",
"note": "Kociewie"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈa.bɔ]",
"note": "Krajna"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈa.bɔ]",
"note": "Chełmno-Dobrzyń"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈa.bɔ]",
"note": "Kuyavia"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈa.bɔ]",
"note": "Northern Greater Poland"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈa.bɔ]",
"note": "Central Greater Poland"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈa.bɔ]",
"note": "Eastern Greater Poland"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈa.bɔ]",
"note": "Southern Greater Poland"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈa.bɔ]",
"note": "Lubawa"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈa.bɔ]",
"note": "Ostróda"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈa.bɔ]",
"note": "Warmia"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈa.bɔ]",
"note": "Masuria"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈa.bɔ]",
"note": "Near Masovian"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈa.bɔ]",
"note": "Far Masovian"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈa.bɔ]",
"tags": [
"Łowicz"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈa.bɔ]",
"note": "Kielce"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈa.bɔ]",
"note": "Western Kraków"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈa.bɔ]",
"note": "Lasovia"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈa.bɔ]",
"note": "Żywiec"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈa.bɔ]",
"note": "Podhale"
},
{
"rhymes": "-abɔ"
}
],
"word": "abo"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "zlw-opl:abo",
"text": "+",
"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *(h₁)ōd\nProto-Balto-Slavic *ō\nProto-Slavic *a\nProto-Indo-European *bʰo*\nProto-Balto-Slavic *ba\nProto-Slavic *bo\nProto-Slavic *abo\nOld Polish abo\nPolish abo\nInherited from Old Polish abo.",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *(h₁)ōd\nProto-Balto-Slavic *ō\nProto-Slavic *a\nProto-Indo-European *bʰo*\nProto-Balto-Slavic *ba\nProto-Slavic *bo\nProto-Slavic *abo\nOld Polish abo\nPolish abo\nInherited from Old Polish abo.",
"hyphenation": [
"a‧bo"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"a‧bo"
]
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "particle",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Masuria Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ostróda Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Warmia Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "32 7 27 27 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Warmia Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"disjunctive and emphasis particle"
],
"id": "en-abo-pl-particle-mvbjJNDF",
"qualifier": "Masuria",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Masuria, Ostróda, Warmia) disjunctive and emphasis particle"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Masuria Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "18 20 8 35 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chełmno-Dobrzyń Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 18 8 39 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Eastern Greater Poland Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 20 8 35 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Kociewie Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 8 3 14 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lasovia Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 6 24 36 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Masuria Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 7 3 47 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 6 3 27 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Near Masovian Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 14 6 50 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Northern Greater Poland Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 13 5 50 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ostróda Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 14 9 40 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 14 9 40 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 14 5 36 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 7 24 42 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish particles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 7 27 27 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Warmia Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 13 7 50 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Western Kraków Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 15 6 49 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Żywiec Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"introduces a rhetorical question"
],
"id": "en-abo-pl-particle-dvNVS8zV",
"qualifier": "Masuria",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Masuria) introduces a rhetorical question"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lasovia Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Near Masovian Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Western Kraków Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "34 8 3 14 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lasovia Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 6 3 27 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Near Masovian Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 14 5 36 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"synonym of czy"
],
"id": "en-abo-pl-particle--tLckqFJ",
"links": [
[
"czy",
"czy#Polish"
]
],
"qualifier": "Near Masovian",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Lasovia, Sandomierz, Zawichost, Near Masovian, Czersk, Western Kraków, Tomaszowice) synonym of czy"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "czy"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈa.bɔ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈa.bɔ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈa.bɔ]",
"note": "Kociewie"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈa.bɔ]",
"note": "Krajna"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈa.bɔ]",
"note": "Chełmno-Dobrzyń"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈa.bɔ]",
"note": "Kuyavia"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈa.bɔ]",
"note": "Northern Greater Poland"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈa.bɔ]",
"note": "Central Greater Poland"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈa.bɔ]",
"note": "Eastern Greater Poland"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈa.bɔ]",
"note": "Southern Greater Poland"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈa.bɔ]",
"note": "Lubawa"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈa.bɔ]",
"note": "Ostróda"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈa.bɔ]",
"note": "Warmia"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈa.bɔ]",
"note": "Masuria"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈa.bɔ]",
"note": "Near Masovian"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈa.bɔ]",
"note": "Far Masovian"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈa.bɔ]",
"tags": [
"Łowicz"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈa.bɔ]",
"note": "Kielce"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈa.bɔ]",
"note": "Western Kraków"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈa.bɔ]",
"note": "Lasovia"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈa.bɔ]",
"note": "Żywiec"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈa.bɔ]",
"note": "Podhale"
},
{
"rhymes": "-abɔ"
}
],
"word": "abo"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chełmno-Dobrzyń Polish",
"Eastern Greater Poland Polish",
"Far Masovian Polish",
"Kielce Polish",
"Kociewie Polish",
"Krajna Polish",
"Kuyavian Polish",
"Lasovia Polish",
"Lubawa Polish",
"Masuria Polish",
"Middle Polish",
"Near Masovian Polish",
"Northern Greater Poland Polish",
"Ostróda Polish",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 31 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Podhale Polish",
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish conjunctions",
"Polish entries with etymology texts",
"Polish entries with etymology trees",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish particles",
"Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/abɔ",
"Rhymes:Polish/abɔ/2 syllables",
"Warmia Polish",
"Western Kraków Polish",
"Łowicz Polish",
"Żywiec Polish"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "zlw-opl:abo",
"text": "+",
"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *(h₁)ōd\nProto-Balto-Slavic *ō\nProto-Slavic *a\nProto-Indo-European *bʰo*\nProto-Balto-Slavic *ba\nProto-Slavic *bo\nProto-Slavic *abo\nOld Polish abo\nPolish abo\nInherited from Old Polish abo.",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *(h₁)ōd\nProto-Balto-Slavic *ō\nProto-Slavic *a\nProto-Indo-European *bʰo*\nProto-Balto-Slavic *ba\nProto-Slavic *bo\nProto-Slavic *abo\nOld Polish abo\nPolish abo\nInherited from Old Polish abo.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "conjunction"
},
"expansion": "abo",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"a‧bo"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"a‧bo"
]
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "conj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Chełmno Polish",
"Eastern Greater Poland Polish",
"Far Masovian Polish",
"Kielce Polish",
"Kuyavian Polish",
"Lasovia Polish",
"Lubawa Polish",
"Malbork Polish",
"Masuria Polish",
"Near Masovian Polish",
"Ostróda Polish",
"Podhale Polish",
"Polish dialectal terms",
"Polish terms with archaic senses",
"Poznań Polish",
"Southern Greater Poland Polish",
"Urban Polish",
"Warmia Polish",
"Western Kraków Polish",
"Łowicz Polish",
"Żywiec Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"synonym of albo (“or”)"
],
"links": [
[
"albo",
"albo#Polish"
],
[
"or",
"or"
]
],
"qualifier": "Southern Greater Poland; Eastern Greater Poland; Masuria; Near Masovian; Southern Greater Poland; Eastern Greater Poland; Masuria; Near Masovian",
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic or dialectal, Kuyavia, Poznań, Southern Greater Poland, Eastern Greater Poland, Chełmno, Masuria, Ostróda, Warmia, Far Masovian, Near Masovian, Lubawa, Malbork, Łowicz, Kielce, Żywiec, Podhale, Western Kraków, Lasovia) synonym of albo (“or”)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "or",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "albo"
}
],
"tags": [
"Poznań",
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"Łowicz"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Krajna Polish",
"Northern Greater Poland Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"synonym of ale"
],
"links": [
[
"ale",
"ale#Polish"
]
],
"qualifier": "Northern Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Krajna, Wyrzysk, Samocin, Nakło nad Notecią, Northern Greater Poland, Kcynia) synonym of ale"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "ale"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈa.bɔ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈa.bɔ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈa.bɔ]",
"note": "Kociewie"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈa.bɔ]",
"note": "Krajna"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈa.bɔ]",
"note": "Chełmno-Dobrzyń"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈa.bɔ]",
"note": "Kuyavia"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈa.bɔ]",
"note": "Northern Greater Poland"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈa.bɔ]",
"note": "Central Greater Poland"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈa.bɔ]",
"note": "Eastern Greater Poland"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈa.bɔ]",
"note": "Southern Greater Poland"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈa.bɔ]",
"note": "Lubawa"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈa.bɔ]",
"note": "Ostróda"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈa.bɔ]",
"note": "Warmia"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈa.bɔ]",
"note": "Masuria"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈa.bɔ]",
"note": "Near Masovian"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈa.bɔ]",
"note": "Far Masovian"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈa.bɔ]",
"tags": [
"Łowicz"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈa.bɔ]",
"note": "Kielce"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈa.bɔ]",
"note": "Western Kraków"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈa.bɔ]",
"note": "Lasovia"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈa.bɔ]",
"note": "Żywiec"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈa.bɔ]",
"note": "Podhale"
},
{
"rhymes": "-abɔ"
}
],
"word": "abo"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chełmno-Dobrzyń Polish",
"Eastern Greater Poland Polish",
"Far Masovian Polish",
"Kielce Polish",
"Kociewie Polish",
"Krajna Polish",
"Kuyavian Polish",
"Lasovia Polish",
"Lubawa Polish",
"Masuria Polish",
"Middle Polish",
"Near Masovian Polish",
"Northern Greater Poland Polish",
"Ostróda Polish",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 31 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Podhale Polish",
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish conjunctions",
"Polish entries with etymology texts",
"Polish entries with etymology trees",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish particles",
"Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/abɔ",
"Rhymes:Polish/abɔ/2 syllables",
"Warmia Polish",
"Western Kraków Polish",
"Łowicz Polish",
"Żywiec Polish"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "zlw-opl:abo",
"text": "+",
"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *(h₁)ōd\nProto-Balto-Slavic *ō\nProto-Slavic *a\nProto-Indo-European *bʰo*\nProto-Balto-Slavic *ba\nProto-Slavic *bo\nProto-Slavic *abo\nOld Polish abo\nPolish abo\nInherited from Old Polish abo.",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *(h₁)ōd\nProto-Balto-Slavic *ō\nProto-Slavic *a\nProto-Indo-European *bʰo*\nProto-Balto-Slavic *ba\nProto-Slavic *bo\nProto-Slavic *abo\nOld Polish abo\nPolish abo\nInherited from Old Polish abo.",
"hyphenation": [
"a‧bo"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"a‧bo"
]
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "particle",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Masuria Polish",
"Ostróda Polish",
"Warmia Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"disjunctive and emphasis particle"
],
"qualifier": "Masuria",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Masuria, Ostróda, Warmia) disjunctive and emphasis particle"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Masuria Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"introduces a rhetorical question"
],
"qualifier": "Masuria",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Masuria) introduces a rhetorical question"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Lasovia Polish",
"Near Masovian Polish",
"Western Kraków Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"synonym of czy"
],
"links": [
[
"czy",
"czy#Polish"
]
],
"qualifier": "Near Masovian",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Lasovia, Sandomierz, Zawichost, Near Masovian, Czersk, Western Kraków, Tomaszowice) synonym of czy"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "czy"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈa.bɔ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈa.bɔ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈa.bɔ]",
"note": "Kociewie"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈa.bɔ]",
"note": "Krajna"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈa.bɔ]",
"note": "Chełmno-Dobrzyń"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈa.bɔ]",
"note": "Kuyavia"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈa.bɔ]",
"note": "Northern Greater Poland"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈa.bɔ]",
"note": "Central Greater Poland"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈa.bɔ]",
"note": "Eastern Greater Poland"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈa.bɔ]",
"note": "Southern Greater Poland"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈa.bɔ]",
"note": "Lubawa"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈa.bɔ]",
"note": "Ostróda"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈa.bɔ]",
"note": "Warmia"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈa.bɔ]",
"note": "Masuria"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈa.bɔ]",
"note": "Near Masovian"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈa.bɔ]",
"note": "Far Masovian"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈa.bɔ]",
"tags": [
"Łowicz"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈa.bɔ]",
"note": "Kielce"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈa.bɔ]",
"note": "Western Kraków"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈa.bɔ]",
"note": "Lasovia"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈa.bɔ]",
"note": "Żywiec"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈa.bɔ]",
"note": "Podhale"
},
{
"rhymes": "-abɔ"
}
],
"word": "abo"
}
Download raw JSONL data for abo meaning in Polish (8.1kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: archaic or dialectal, Kuyavia, Poznań, Southern Greater Poland, Eastern Greater Poland, Chełmno, Masuria, Ostróda, Warmia, Far Masovian, Near Masovian, Lubawa, Malbork, Łowicz, Kielce, Żywiec, Podhale, Western Kraków, Lasovia",
"path": [
"abo"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "conjunction",
"title": "abo",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: archaic or dialectal, Kuyavia, Poznań, Southern Greater Poland, Eastern Greater Poland, Chełmno, Masuria, Ostróda, Warmia, Far Masovian, Near Masovian, Lubawa, Malbork, Łowicz, Kielce, Żywiec, Podhale, Western Kraków, Lasovia",
"path": [
"abo"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "conjunction",
"title": "abo",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: archaic or dialectal, Kuyavia, Poznań, Southern Greater Poland, Eastern Greater Poland, Chełmno, Masuria, Ostróda, Warmia, Far Masovian, Near Masovian, Lubawa, Malbork, Łowicz, Kielce, Żywiec, Podhale, Western Kraków, Lasovia",
"path": [
"abo"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "conjunction",
"title": "abo",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: archaic or dialectal, Kuyavia, Poznań, Southern Greater Poland, Eastern Greater Poland, Chełmno, Masuria, Ostróda, Warmia, Far Masovian, Near Masovian, Lubawa, Malbork, Łowicz, Kielce, Żywiec, Podhale, Western Kraków, Lasovia",
"path": [
"abo"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "conjunction",
"title": "abo",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: archaic or dialectal, Kuyavia, Poznań, Southern Greater Poland, Eastern Greater Poland, Chełmno, Masuria, Ostróda, Warmia, Far Masovian, Near Masovian, Lubawa, Malbork, Łowicz, Kielce, Żywiec, Podhale, Western Kraków, Lasovia",
"path": [
"abo"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "conjunction",
"title": "abo",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: archaic or dialectal, Kuyavia, Poznań, Southern Greater Poland, Eastern Greater Poland, Chełmno, Masuria, Ostróda, Warmia, Far Masovian, Near Masovian, Lubawa, Malbork, Łowicz, Kielce, Żywiec, Podhale, Western Kraków, Lasovia",
"path": [
"abo"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "conjunction",
"title": "abo",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: archaic or dialectal, Kuyavia, Poznań, Southern Greater Poland, Eastern Greater Poland, Chełmno, Masuria, Ostróda, Warmia, Far Masovian, Near Masovian, Lubawa, Malbork, Łowicz, Kielce, Żywiec, Podhale, Western Kraków, Lasovia",
"path": [
"abo"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "conjunction",
"title": "abo",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: archaic or dialectal, Kuyavia, Poznań, Southern Greater Poland, Eastern Greater Poland, Chełmno, Masuria, Ostróda, Warmia, Far Masovian, Near Masovian, Lubawa, Malbork, Łowicz, Kielce, Żywiec, Podhale, Western Kraków, Lasovia",
"path": [
"abo"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "conjunction",
"title": "abo",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: archaic or dialectal, Kuyavia, Poznań, Southern Greater Poland, Eastern Greater Poland, Chełmno, Masuria, Ostróda, Warmia, Far Masovian, Near Masovian, Lubawa, Malbork, Łowicz, Kielce, Żywiec, Podhale, Western Kraków, Lasovia",
"path": [
"abo"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "conjunction",
"title": "abo",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: archaic or dialectal, Kuyavia, Poznań, Southern Greater Poland, Eastern Greater Poland, Chełmno, Masuria, Ostróda, Warmia, Far Masovian, Near Masovian, Lubawa, Malbork, Łowicz, Kielce, Żywiec, Podhale, Western Kraków, Lasovia",
"path": [
"abo"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "conjunction",
"title": "abo",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: archaic or dialectal, Kuyavia, Poznań, Southern Greater Poland, Eastern Greater Poland, Chełmno, Masuria, Ostróda, Warmia, Far Masovian, Near Masovian, Lubawa, Malbork, Łowicz, Kielce, Żywiec, Podhale, Western Kraków, Lasovia",
"path": [
"abo"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "conjunction",
"title": "abo",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: archaic or dialectal, Kuyavia, Poznań, Southern Greater Poland, Eastern Greater Poland, Chełmno, Masuria, Ostróda, Warmia, Far Masovian, Near Masovian, Lubawa, Malbork, Łowicz, Kielce, Żywiec, Podhale, Western Kraków, Lasovia",
"path": [
"abo"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "conjunction",
"title": "abo",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: archaic or dialectal, Kuyavia, Poznań, Southern Greater Poland, Eastern Greater Poland, Chełmno, Masuria, Ostróda, Warmia, Far Masovian, Near Masovian, Lubawa, Malbork, Łowicz, Kielce, Żywiec, Podhale, Western Kraków, Lasovia",
"path": [
"abo"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "conjunction",
"title": "abo",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: archaic or dialectal, Kuyavia, Poznań, Southern Greater Poland, Eastern Greater Poland, Chełmno, Masuria, Ostróda, Warmia, Far Masovian, Near Masovian, Lubawa, Malbork, Łowicz, Kielce, Żywiec, Podhale, Western Kraków, Lasovia",
"path": [
"abo"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "conjunction",
"title": "abo",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: archaic or dialectal, Kuyavia, Poznań, Southern Greater Poland, Eastern Greater Poland, Chełmno, Masuria, Ostróda, Warmia, Far Masovian, Near Masovian, Lubawa, Malbork, Łowicz, Kielce, Żywiec, Podhale, Western Kraków, Lasovia",
"path": [
"abo"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "conjunction",
"title": "abo",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: archaic or dialectal, Kuyavia, Poznań, Southern Greater Poland, Eastern Greater Poland, Chełmno, Masuria, Ostróda, Warmia, Far Masovian, Near Masovian, Lubawa, Malbork, Łowicz, Kielce, Żywiec, Podhale, Western Kraków, Lasovia",
"path": [
"abo"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "conjunction",
"title": "abo",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: archaic or dialectal, Kuyavia, Poznań, Southern Greater Poland, Eastern Greater Poland, Chełmno, Masuria, Ostróda, Warmia, Far Masovian, Near Masovian, Lubawa, Malbork, Łowicz, Kielce, Żywiec, Podhale, Western Kraków, Lasovia",
"path": [
"abo"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "conjunction",
"title": "abo",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: archaic or dialectal, Kuyavia, Poznań, Southern Greater Poland, Eastern Greater Poland, Chełmno, Masuria, Ostróda, Warmia, Far Masovian, Near Masovian, Lubawa, Malbork, Łowicz, Kielce, Żywiec, Podhale, Western Kraków, Lasovia",
"path": [
"abo"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "conjunction",
"title": "abo",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: archaic or dialectal, Kuyavia, Poznań, Southern Greater Poland, Eastern Greater Poland, Chełmno, Masuria, Ostróda, Warmia, Far Masovian, Near Masovian, Lubawa, Malbork, Łowicz, Kielce, Żywiec, Podhale, Western Kraków, Lasovia",
"path": [
"abo"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "conjunction",
"title": "abo",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: archaic or dialectal, Kuyavia, Poznań, Southern Greater Poland, Eastern Greater Poland, Chełmno, Masuria, Ostróda, Warmia, Far Masovian, Near Masovian, Lubawa, Malbork, Łowicz, Kielce, Żywiec, Podhale, Western Kraków, Lasovia",
"path": [
"abo"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "conjunction",
"title": "abo",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: archaic or dialectal, Kuyavia, Poznań, Southern Greater Poland, Eastern Greater Poland, Chełmno, Masuria, Ostróda, Warmia, Far Masovian, Near Masovian, Lubawa, Malbork, Łowicz, Kielce, Żywiec, Podhale, Western Kraków, Lasovia",
"path": [
"abo"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "conjunction",
"title": "abo",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: archaic or dialectal, Kuyavia, Poznań, Southern Greater Poland, Eastern Greater Poland, Chełmno, Masuria, Ostróda, Warmia, Far Masovian, Near Masovian, Lubawa, Malbork, Łowicz, Kielce, Żywiec, Podhale, Western Kraków, Lasovia",
"path": [
"abo"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "conjunction",
"title": "abo",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: archaic or dialectal, Kuyavia, Poznań, Southern Greater Poland, Eastern Greater Poland, Chełmno, Masuria, Ostróda, Warmia, Far Masovian, Near Masovian, Lubawa, Malbork, Łowicz, Kielce, Żywiec, Podhale, Western Kraków, Lasovia",
"path": [
"abo"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "conjunction",
"title": "abo",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: archaic or dialectal, Kuyavia, Poznań, Southern Greater Poland, Eastern Greater Poland, Chełmno, Masuria, Ostróda, Warmia, Far Masovian, Near Masovian, Lubawa, Malbork, Łowicz, Kielce, Żywiec, Podhale, Western Kraków, Lasovia",
"path": [
"abo"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "conjunction",
"title": "abo",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Krajna, Wyrzysk, Samocin, Nakło nad Notecią, Northern Greater Poland, Kcynia",
"path": [
"abo"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "conjunction",
"title": "abo",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Krajna, Wyrzysk, Samocin, Nakło nad Notecią, Northern Greater Poland, Kcynia",
"path": [
"abo"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "conjunction",
"title": "abo",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Krajna, Wyrzysk, Samocin, Nakło nad Notecią, Northern Greater Poland, Kcynia",
"path": [
"abo"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "conjunction",
"title": "abo",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Krajna, Wyrzysk, Samocin, Nakło nad Notecią, Northern Greater Poland, Kcynia",
"path": [
"abo"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "conjunction",
"title": "abo",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Krajna, Wyrzysk, Samocin, Nakło nad Notecią, Northern Greater Poland, Kcynia",
"path": [
"abo"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "conjunction",
"title": "abo",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Krajna, Wyrzysk, Samocin, Nakło nad Notecią, Northern Greater Poland, Kcynia",
"path": [
"abo"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "conjunction",
"title": "abo",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Krajna, Wyrzysk, Samocin, Nakło nad Notecią, Northern Greater Poland, Kcynia",
"path": [
"abo"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "conjunction",
"title": "abo",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Krajna, Wyrzysk, Samocin, Nakło nad Notecią, Northern Greater Poland, Kcynia",
"path": [
"abo"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "conjunction",
"title": "abo",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Krajna, Wyrzysk, Samocin, Nakło nad Notecią, Northern Greater Poland, Kcynia",
"path": [
"abo"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "conjunction",
"title": "abo",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Krajna, Wyrzysk, Samocin, Nakło nad Notecią, Northern Greater Poland, Kcynia",
"path": [
"abo"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "conjunction",
"title": "abo",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Masuria, Ostróda, Warmia",
"path": [
"abo"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "particle",
"title": "abo",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Masuria, Ostróda, Warmia",
"path": [
"abo"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "particle",
"title": "abo",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Masuria, Ostróda, Warmia",
"path": [
"abo"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "particle",
"title": "abo",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Masuria, Ostróda, Warmia",
"path": [
"abo"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "particle",
"title": "abo",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Lasovia, Sandomierz, Zawichost, Near Masovian, Czersk, Western Kraków, Tomaszowice",
"path": [
"abo"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "particle",
"title": "abo",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Lasovia, Sandomierz, Zawichost, Near Masovian, Czersk, Western Kraków, Tomaszowice",
"path": [
"abo"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "particle",
"title": "abo",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Lasovia, Sandomierz, Zawichost, Near Masovian, Czersk, Western Kraków, Tomaszowice",
"path": [
"abo"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "particle",
"title": "abo",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Lasovia, Sandomierz, Zawichost, Near Masovian, Czersk, Western Kraków, Tomaszowice",
"path": [
"abo"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "particle",
"title": "abo",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Lasovia, Sandomierz, Zawichost, Near Masovian, Czersk, Western Kraków, Tomaszowice",
"path": [
"abo"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "particle",
"title": "abo",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Lasovia, Sandomierz, Zawichost, Near Masovian, Czersk, Western Kraków, Tomaszowice",
"path": [
"abo"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "particle",
"title": "abo",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Lasovia, Sandomierz, Zawichost, Near Masovian, Czersk, Western Kraków, Tomaszowice",
"path": [
"abo"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "particle",
"title": "abo",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Lasovia, Sandomierz, Zawichost, Near Masovian, Czersk, Western Kraków, Tomaszowice",
"path": [
"abo"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "particle",
"title": "abo",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Lasovia, Sandomierz, Zawichost, Near Masovian, Czersk, Western Kraków, Tomaszowice",
"path": [
"abo"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "particle",
"title": "abo",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Lasovia, Sandomierz, Zawichost, Near Masovian, Czersk, Western Kraków, Tomaszowice",
"path": [
"abo"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "particle",
"title": "abo",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Lasovia, Sandomierz, Zawichost, Near Masovian, Czersk, Western Kraków, Tomaszowice",
"path": [
"abo"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "particle",
"title": "abo",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Lasovia, Sandomierz, Zawichost, Near Masovian, Czersk, Western Kraków, Tomaszowice",
"path": [
"abo"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "particle",
"title": "abo",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-03-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-03-03 using wiktextract (05c257f and 9d9a410). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.