See Toruń in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "То́рунь",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Belarusian: То́рунь (Tórunʹ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Belarusian: То́рунь (Tórunʹ)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "Toruň",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Czech: Toruň",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Czech: Toruň"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Toruń",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: Toruń",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: Toruń"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "Torń",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Kashubian: Torń",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Kashubian: Torń"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "Torunė",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Lithuanian: Torunė",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Lithuanian: Torunė"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "То́рунь",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Russian: То́рунь (Tórunʹ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Russian: То́рунь (Tórunʹ)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "Toruň",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Slovak: Toruň",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Slovak: Toruň"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "То́рунь",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ukrainian: То́рунь (Tórunʹ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ukrainian: То́рунь (Tórunʹ)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "Thorun"
},
"expansion": "Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin Thorun",
"name": "lbor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin Thorun.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "toruński",
"tags": [
"adjective"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Toruń",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Torunia",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Toruniowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Toruń",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Toruniem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Toruniu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Toruniu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in",
"adj": "toruński"
},
"expansion": "Toruń m inan (related adjective toruński)",
"name": "pl-prop"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"To‧ruń"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"tantum": "s"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish singularia tantum",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Cities in Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland",
"orig": "pl:Cities in Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland",
"parents": [
"Cities",
"Places"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Cities in Poland",
"orig": "pl:Cities in Poland",
"parents": [
"Cities",
"Places"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Places in Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland",
"orig": "pl:Places in Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland",
"parents": [
"Places"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Places in Poland",
"orig": "pl:Places in Poland",
"parents": [
"Places"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Voivodeship capitals of Poland",
"orig": "pl:Voivodeship capitals of Poland",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "toruniak"
},
{
"word": "torunianin"
},
{
"word": "torunianka"
},
{
"word": "toruńczyk"
},
{
"word": "Toruńskie"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Toruń (the capital and largest city of Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland)"
],
"id": "en-Toruń-pl-name-2OnBUUC~",
"links": [
[
"Toruń",
"Toruń#English"
],
[
"capital",
"capital"
],
[
"large",
"large"
],
[
"city",
"city"
],
[
"Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship",
"Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship#English"
],
[
"Poland",
"Poland#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtɔ.ruɲ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔruɲ"
}
],
"word": "Toruń"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "toruniak"
},
{
"word": "torunianin"
},
{
"word": "torunianka"
},
{
"word": "toruńczyk"
},
{
"word": "Toruńskie"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "То́рунь",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Belarusian: То́рунь (Tórunʹ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Belarusian: То́рунь (Tórunʹ)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "Toruň",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Czech: Toruň",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Czech: Toruň"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Toruń",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: Toruń",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: Toruń"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "Torń",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Kashubian: Torń",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Kashubian: Torń"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "Torunė",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Lithuanian: Torunė",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Lithuanian: Torunė"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "То́рунь",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Russian: То́рунь (Tórunʹ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Russian: То́рунь (Tórunʹ)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "Toruň",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Slovak: Toruň",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Slovak: Toruň"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "То́рунь",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ukrainian: То́рунь (Tórunʹ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ukrainian: То́рунь (Tórunʹ)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "Thorun"
},
"expansion": "Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin Thorun",
"name": "lbor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin Thorun.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "toruński",
"tags": [
"adjective"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Toruń",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Torunia",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Toruniowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Toruń",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Toruniem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Toruniu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Toruniu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in",
"adj": "toruński"
},
"expansion": "Toruń m inan (related adjective toruński)",
"name": "pl-prop"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"To‧ruń"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"tantum": "s"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish inanimate nouns",
"Polish learned borrowings from Medieval Latin",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish masculine nouns",
"Polish proper nouns",
"Polish singularia tantum",
"Polish terms borrowed from Medieval Latin",
"Polish terms derived from Medieval Latin",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔruɲ",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔruɲ/2 syllables",
"pl:Cities in Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland",
"pl:Cities in Poland",
"pl:Places in Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland",
"pl:Places in Poland",
"pl:Voivodeship capitals of Poland"
],
"glosses": [
"Toruń (the capital and largest city of Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland)"
],
"links": [
[
"Toruń",
"Toruń#English"
],
[
"capital",
"capital"
],
[
"large",
"large"
],
[
"city",
"city"
],
[
"Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship",
"Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship#English"
],
[
"Poland",
"Poland#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtɔ.ruɲ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔruɲ"
}
],
"word": "Toruń"
}
Download raw JSONL data for Toruń meaning in Polish (4.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-13 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (9c82c1c and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.