See Cygan in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "zlw-opl:Cygan",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *né\nProto-Indo-European *n̥-\nProto-Hellenic *ə-\nAncient Greek ἀ- (a-)\nAncient Greek θιγγάνω (thingánō)\nAncient Greek -ος (-os)\nAncient Greek ἀθίγγανος (athínganos)der.?\nProto-Turkic *čï̄gań\nKipchakder.?\nOld Polish Cygan\nPolish Cygan\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"un-\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"un-\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"not\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"not\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*né\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*n̥-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"term\" : \"*ə-\", \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"ἀ-\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" }, { \"gloss\" : \"to touch\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"θιγγάνω\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" }, { \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-ος\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"ἀθίγγανος\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" }, { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"lang_name\" : \"Kipchak\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Turkic\", \"term\" : \"*čï̄gań\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"trk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang\" : \"trk-kip\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"Cygan\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"Cygan\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"Cygan\">\nInherited from Old Polish Cygan.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *né\nProto-Indo-European *n̥-\nProto-Hellenic *ə-\nAncient Greek ἀ- (a-)\nAncient Greek θιγγάνω (thingánō)\nAncient Greek -ος (-os)\nAncient Greek ἀθίγγανος (athínganos)der.?\nProto-Turkic *čï̄gań\nKipchakder.?\nOld Polish Cygan\nPolish Cygan\nInherited from Old Polish Cygan.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Cyganka",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "Cyganek",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Cygan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Cyganie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Cygana",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Cyganów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Cyganowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Cyganom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Cygana",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Cyganów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Cyganem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Cyganami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Cyganie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Cyganach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Cyganie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "Cyganie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "Cygón",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-pr",
"dim": "Cyganek",
"f": "Cyganka"
},
"expansion": "Cygan m pers (female equivalent Cyganka, diminutive Cyganek)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"Cy‧gan"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"Cy‧gan"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"nomp": "Cyganie"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "21 20 59",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 20 59",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 21 56",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 17 64",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 22 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 18 63",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 21 56",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 22 52",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Nationalities",
"orig": "pl:Nationalities",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Gypsy"
],
"id": "en-Cygan-pl-noun-BT2p8BnM",
"links": [
[
"Gypsy",
"Gypsy"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "Rom"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡sɘ.ɡan/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɘɡan"
},
{
"homophone": "cygan"
}
],
"word": "Cygan"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "zlw-opl:Cygan",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *né\nProto-Indo-European *n̥-\nProto-Hellenic *ə-\nAncient Greek ἀ- (a-)\nAncient Greek θιγγάνω (thingánō)\nAncient Greek -ος (-os)\nAncient Greek ἀθίγγανος (athínganos)der.?\nProto-Turkic *čï̄gań\nKipchakder.?\nOld Polish Cygan\nPolish Cygan\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"un-\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"un-\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"not\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"not\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*né\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*n̥-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"term\" : \"*ə-\", \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"ἀ-\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" }, { \"gloss\" : \"to touch\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"θιγγάνω\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" }, { \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-ος\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"ἀθίγγανος\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" }, { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"lang_name\" : \"Kipchak\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Turkic\", \"term\" : \"*čï̄gań\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"trk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang\" : \"trk-kip\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"Cygan\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"Cygan\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"Cygan\">\nInherited from Old Polish Cygan.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *né\nProto-Indo-European *n̥-\nProto-Hellenic *ə-\nAncient Greek ἀ- (a-)\nAncient Greek θιγγάνω (thingánō)\nAncient Greek -ος (-os)\nAncient Greek ἀθίγγανος (athínganos)der.?\nProto-Turkic *čï̄gań\nKipchakder.?\nOld Polish Cygan\nPolish Cygan\nInherited from Old Polish Cygan.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Cygan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Cyganowie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Cygana",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Cyganów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Cyganowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Cyganom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Cygana",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Cyganów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Cyganem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Cyganami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Cyganie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Cyganach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Cyganie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "Cyganowie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "Cygón",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-pr"
},
"expansion": "Cygan m pers",
"name": "pl-proper noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"Cy‧gan"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"Cy‧gan"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"nomp": "Cyganowie"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish male surnames",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish surnames",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "89 4 7",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Male people",
"orig": "pl:Male people",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a male surname"
],
"id": "en-Cygan-pl-name-IRlLAcDj",
"links": [
[
"surname",
"surname"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡sɘ.ɡan/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɘɡan"
},
{
"homophone": "cygan"
}
],
"word": "Cygan"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "zlw-opl:Cygan",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *né\nProto-Indo-European *n̥-\nProto-Hellenic *ə-\nAncient Greek ἀ- (a-)\nAncient Greek θιγγάνω (thingánō)\nAncient Greek -ος (-os)\nAncient Greek ἀθίγγανος (athínganos)der.?\nProto-Turkic *čï̄gań\nKipchakder.?\nOld Polish Cygan\nPolish Cygan\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"un-\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"un-\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"not\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"not\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*né\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*n̥-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"term\" : \"*ə-\", \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"ἀ-\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" }, { \"gloss\" : \"to touch\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"θιγγάνω\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" }, { \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-ος\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"ἀθίγγανος\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" }, { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"lang_name\" : \"Kipchak\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Turkic\", \"term\" : \"*čï̄gań\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"trk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang\" : \"trk-kip\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"Cygan\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"Cygan\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"Cygan\">\nInherited from Old Polish Cygan.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *né\nProto-Indo-European *n̥-\nProto-Hellenic *ə-\nAncient Greek ἀ- (a-)\nAncient Greek θιγγάνω (thingánō)\nAncient Greek -ος (-os)\nAncient Greek ἀθίγγανος (athínganos)der.?\nProto-Turkic *čï̄gań\nKipchakder.?\nOld Polish Cygan\nPolish Cygan\nInherited from Old Polish Cygan.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Cygón",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"indecl": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cygan f (indeclinable)",
"name": "pl-proper noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"Cy‧gan"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"Cy‧gan"
]
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish female surnames",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish surnames",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a female surname"
],
"id": "en-Cygan-pl-name-yitEyztR",
"links": [
[
"surname",
"surname"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indeclinable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡sɘ.ɡan/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɘɡan"
},
{
"homophone": "cygan"
}
],
"word": "Cygan"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish entries with etymology texts",
"Polish entries with etymology trees",
"Polish entries with etymon",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish feminine nouns",
"Polish indeclinable nouns",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish masculine nouns",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish personal nouns",
"Polish proper nouns",
"Polish terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Polish terms derived from Kipchak languages",
"Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Hellenic",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Turkic",
"Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *né",
"Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Polish terms with homophones",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɘɡan",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɘɡan/2 syllables",
"pl:Male people",
"pl:Nationalities"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "zlw-opl:Cygan",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *né\nProto-Indo-European *n̥-\nProto-Hellenic *ə-\nAncient Greek ἀ- (a-)\nAncient Greek θιγγάνω (thingánō)\nAncient Greek -ος (-os)\nAncient Greek ἀθίγγανος (athínganos)der.?\nProto-Turkic *čï̄gań\nKipchakder.?\nOld Polish Cygan\nPolish Cygan\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"un-\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"un-\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"not\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"not\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*né\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*n̥-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"term\" : \"*ə-\", \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"ἀ-\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" }, { \"gloss\" : \"to touch\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"θιγγάνω\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" }, { \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-ος\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"ἀθίγγανος\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" }, { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"lang_name\" : \"Kipchak\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Turkic\", \"term\" : \"*čï̄gań\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"trk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang\" : \"trk-kip\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"Cygan\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"Cygan\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"Cygan\">\nInherited from Old Polish Cygan.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *né\nProto-Indo-European *n̥-\nProto-Hellenic *ə-\nAncient Greek ἀ- (a-)\nAncient Greek θιγγάνω (thingánō)\nAncient Greek -ος (-os)\nAncient Greek ἀθίγγανος (athínganos)der.?\nProto-Turkic *čï̄gań\nKipchakder.?\nOld Polish Cygan\nPolish Cygan\nInherited from Old Polish Cygan.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Cyganka",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "Cyganek",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Cygan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Cyganie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Cygana",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Cyganów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Cyganowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Cyganom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Cygana",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Cyganów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Cyganem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Cyganami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Cyganie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Cyganach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Cyganie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "Cyganie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "Cygón",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-pr",
"dim": "Cyganek",
"f": "Cyganka"
},
"expansion": "Cygan m pers (female equivalent Cyganka, diminutive Cyganek)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"Cy‧gan"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"Cy‧gan"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"nomp": "Cyganie"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Gypsy"
],
"links": [
[
"Gypsy",
"Gypsy"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "Rom"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡sɘ.ɡan/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɘɡan"
},
{
"homophone": "cygan"
}
],
"word": "Cygan"
}
{
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"Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Polish terms with homophones",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɘɡan",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɘɡan/2 syllables",
"pl:Male people",
"pl:Nationalities"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "zlw-opl:Cygan",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *né\nProto-Indo-European *n̥-\nProto-Hellenic *ə-\nAncient Greek ἀ- (a-)\nAncient Greek θιγγάνω (thingánō)\nAncient Greek -ος (-os)\nAncient Greek ἀθίγγανος (athínganos)der.?\nProto-Turkic *čï̄gań\nKipchakder.?\nOld Polish Cygan\nPolish Cygan\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"un-\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"un-\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"not\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"not\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*né\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*n̥-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"term\" : \"*ə-\", \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"ἀ-\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" }, { \"gloss\" : \"to touch\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"θιγγάνω\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" }, { \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-ος\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"ἀθίγγανος\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" }, { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"lang_name\" : \"Kipchak\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Turkic\", \"term\" : \"*čï̄gań\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"trk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang\" : \"trk-kip\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"Cygan\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"Cygan\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"Cygan\">\nInherited from Old Polish Cygan.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *né\nProto-Indo-European *n̥-\nProto-Hellenic *ə-\nAncient Greek ἀ- (a-)\nAncient Greek θιγγάνω (thingánō)\nAncient Greek -ος (-os)\nAncient Greek ἀθίγγανος (athínganos)der.?\nProto-Turkic *čï̄gań\nKipchakder.?\nOld Polish Cygan\nPolish Cygan\nInherited from Old Polish Cygan.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Cygan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Cyganowie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Cygana",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Cyganów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Cyganowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Cyganom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Cygana",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Cyganów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Cyganem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Cyganami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Cyganie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Cyganach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Cyganie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "Cyganowie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "Cygón",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-pr"
},
"expansion": "Cygan m pers",
"name": "pl-proper noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"Cy‧gan"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"Cy‧gan"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"nomp": "Cyganowie"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Polish male surnames",
"Polish surnames"
],
"glosses": [
"a male surname"
],
"links": [
[
"surname",
"surname"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡sɘ.ɡan/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɘɡan"
},
{
"homophone": "cygan"
}
],
"word": "Cygan"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish entries with etymology texts",
"Polish entries with etymology trees",
"Polish entries with etymon",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish feminine nouns",
"Polish indeclinable nouns",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish masculine nouns",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish personal nouns",
"Polish proper nouns",
"Polish terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Polish terms derived from Kipchak languages",
"Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Hellenic",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Turkic",
"Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *né",
"Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Polish terms with homophones",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɘɡan",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɘɡan/2 syllables",
"pl:Male people",
"pl:Nationalities"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "zlw-opl:Cygan",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *né\nProto-Indo-European *n̥-\nProto-Hellenic *ə-\nAncient Greek ἀ- (a-)\nAncient Greek θιγγάνω (thingánō)\nAncient Greek -ος (-os)\nAncient Greek ἀθίγγανος (athínganos)der.?\nProto-Turkic *čï̄gań\nKipchakder.?\nOld Polish Cygan\nPolish Cygan\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"un-\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"un-\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"not\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"not\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*né\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*n̥-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"term\" : \"*ə-\", \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"ἀ-\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" }, { \"gloss\" : \"to touch\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"θιγγάνω\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" }, { \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-ος\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"ἀθίγγανος\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" }, { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"lang_name\" : \"Kipchak\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Turkic\", \"term\" : \"*čï̄gań\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"trk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang\" : \"trk-kip\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"Cygan\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"Cygan\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"Cygan\">\nInherited from Old Polish Cygan.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *né\nProto-Indo-European *n̥-\nProto-Hellenic *ə-\nAncient Greek ἀ- (a-)\nAncient Greek θιγγάνω (thingánō)\nAncient Greek -ος (-os)\nAncient Greek ἀθίγγανος (athínganos)der.?\nProto-Turkic *čï̄gań\nKipchakder.?\nOld Polish Cygan\nPolish Cygan\nInherited from Old Polish Cygan.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Cygón",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"indecl": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cygan f (indeclinable)",
"name": "pl-proper noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"Cy‧gan"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"Cy‧gan"
]
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Polish female surnames",
"Polish surnames"
],
"glosses": [
"a female surname"
],
"links": [
[
"surname",
"surname"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indeclinable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡sɘ.ɡan/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɘɡan"
},
{
"homophone": "cygan"
}
],
"word": "Cygan"
}
Download raw JSONL data for Cygan meaning in Polish (16.7kB)
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"subsection": "",
"title": "Cygan",
"trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n a { color: #9e9eff; }\n body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 637081637<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Mon, 07 Sep 2026 19:18:29 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (ccec6f1 and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.