See -el in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "inh",
"3": "sla-pro>*-ělъ>nominal",
"id": "nominal",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₁ti\nProto-Indo-European *-lós\nProto-Slavic *-ělъ\nPolish -el",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*-ělъ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-ělъ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*-ělъ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ělъ",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₁ti\nProto-Indo-European *-lós\nProto-Slavic *-ělъ\nPolish -el\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *-ělъ.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-el",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ele",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-elowie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ela",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-eli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-elów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-elowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-elom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ela",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-eli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-elów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-elem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-elami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-elu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-elach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-elu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ele",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-elowie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-anml",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-el",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ele",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ela",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-eli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-elowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-elom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ela",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ele",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-elem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-elami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-elu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-elach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-elu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ele",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-el",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ele",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-elu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-eli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-elowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-elom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-el",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ele",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-elem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-elami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-elu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-elach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-elu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ele",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "-el m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"[please"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-e",
"2": "l",
"genp": "-eli/-elów",
"nomp": "-ele/-elowie"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-e",
"2": "l"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-anml"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-e",
"2": "l"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 23 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with Template:pl-pr without syllabification",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [
"Entries with etymology trees",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "śmierdzieć + -el → śmierdziel",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms masculine agent nouns"
],
"id": "en--el-pl-suffix-yspPDGEB",
"links": [
[
"masculine",
"masculine#English"
],
[
"agent noun",
"agent noun#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɛl/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛl"
}
],
"word": "-el"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "inh",
"3": "sla-pro>*-ělъ>nominal",
"id": "nominal",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₁ti\nProto-Indo-European *-lós\nProto-Slavic *-ělъ\nPolish -el",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*-ělъ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-ělъ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*-ělъ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ělъ",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₁ti\nProto-Indo-European *-lós\nProto-Slavic *-ělъ\nPolish -el\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *-ělъ.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-el",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ele",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-elowie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ela",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-eli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-elów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-elowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-elom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ela",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-eli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-elów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-elem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-elami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-elu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-elach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-elu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ele",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-elowie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-anml",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-el",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ele",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ela",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-eli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-elowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-elom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ela",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ele",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-elem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-elami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-elu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-elach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-elu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ele",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-el",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ele",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-elu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-eli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-elowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-elom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-el",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ele",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-elem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-elami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-elu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-elach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-elu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ele",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "-el m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"[please"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-e",
"2": "l",
"genp": "-eli/-elów",
"nomp": "-ele/-elowie"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-e",
"2": "l"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-anml"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-e",
"2": "l"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 23 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish entries with Template:pl-pr without syllabification",
"Polish entries with etymology trees",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish masculine suffixes",
"Polish suffixes",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɛl",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɛl/1 syllable"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "śmierdzieć + -el → śmierdziel",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms masculine agent nouns"
],
"links": [
[
"masculine",
"masculine#English"
],
[
"agent noun",
"agent noun#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɛl/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛl"
}
],
"word": "-el"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -el meaning in Polish (6.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-21 using wiktextract (fef8596 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.