"-ły" meaning in Polish

See -ły in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Suffix

IPA: /wɘ/
Rhymes: -ɘ Etymology: Inherited from Old Polish -ły. Etymology templates: {{dercat|pl|sla-pro|inh=1}}, {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|pl|zlw-opl|-ły|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Old Polish -ły, {{inh+|pl|zlw-opl|-ły}} Inherited from Old Polish -ły Head templates: {{head|pl|suffix}} -ły Inflection templates: {{pl-adecl}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], -ły [masculine, nominative, singular], -ła [feminine, nominative, singular], -łe [neuter, nominative, singular], -li [nominative, plural, virile], -łe [error-unrecognized-form, nominative, plural], -łego [genitive, masculine, singular], -łej [feminine, genitive, singular], -łego [genitive, neuter, singular], -łych [error-unrecognized-form, genitive, plural], -łych [genitive, plural, virile], -łemu [dative, masculine, singular], -łej [dative, feminine, singular], -łemu [dative, neuter, singular], -łym [dative, error-unrecognized-form, plural], -łym [dative, plural, virile], -łego [accusative, animate, masculine, singular], -ły [accusative, inanimate, masculine, singular], -łą [accusative, feminine, singular], -łe [accusative, neuter, singular], -łych [accusative, plural, virile], -łe [accusative, error-unrecognized-form, plural], -łym [instrumental, masculine, singular], -łą [feminine, instrumental, singular], -łym [instrumental, neuter, singular], -łymi [error-unrecognized-form, instrumental, plural], -łymi [instrumental, plural, virile], -łym [locative, masculine, singular], -łej [feminine, locative, singular], -łym [locative, neuter, singular], -łych [error-unrecognized-form, locative, plural], -łych [locative, plural, virile]
  1. forms adjectives from intransitive verbs Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en--ły-pl-suffix-oxvcjPos Categories (other): Pages using catfix, Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries, Polish entries with Template:pl-pr without syllabification, Polish entries with incorrect language header
     
{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "inh": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "dercat"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "zlw-opl",
        "3": "-ły",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old Polish -ły",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "zlw-opl",
        "3": "-ły"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish -ły",
      "name": "inh+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish -ły.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pl-adecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ły",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ła",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-łe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-li",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-łe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-łego",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-łej",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-łego",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-łych",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-łych",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-łemu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-łej",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-łemu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-łym",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-łym",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-łego",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "animate",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ły",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "inanimate",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-łą",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-łe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-łych",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-łe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-łym",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-łą",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-łym",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-łymi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-łymi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-łym",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-łej",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-łym",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-łych",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-łych",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "-ły",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "[please"
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "pl-adecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using catfix",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish entries with Template:pl-pr without syllabification",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "podupaść (“to languish”) + -ły → podupadły (“decrepit”)",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "zemrzeć (“to die”) + -ły → zmarły (“deceased”)",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "zgnić (“to rot”) + -ły → zgniły (“rotten”)",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "forms adjectives from intransitive verbs"
      ],
      "id": "en--ły-pl-suffix-oxvcjPos",
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/wɘ/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɘ"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ły"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "inh": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "dercat"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "zlw-opl",
        "3": "-ły",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old Polish -ły",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "zlw-opl",
        "3": "-ły"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish -ły",
      "name": "inh+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish -ły.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pl-adecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ły",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ła",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-łe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-li",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-łe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-łego",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-łej",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-łego",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-łych",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-łych",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-łemu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-łej",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-łemu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-łym",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-łym",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-łego",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "animate",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ły",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "inanimate",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-łą",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-łe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-łych",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-łe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-łym",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-łą",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-łym",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-łymi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-łymi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-łym",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-łej",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-łym",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-łych",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-łych",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "-ły",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "[please"
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "pl-adecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages using catfix",
        "Pages with 2 entries",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Polish 1-syllable words",
        "Polish entries with Template:pl-pr without syllabification",
        "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
        "Polish hard adjectives",
        "Polish lemmas",
        "Polish suffixes",
        "Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
        "Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
        "Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
        "Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
        "Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Rhymes:Polish/ɘ",
        "Rhymes:Polish/ɘ/1 syllable"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "podupaść (“to languish”) + -ły → podupadły (“decrepit”)",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "zemrzeć (“to die”) + -ły → zmarły (“deceased”)",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "zgnić (“to rot”) + -ły → zgniły (“rotten”)",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "forms adjectives from intransitive verbs"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/wɘ/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɘ"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ły"
}

Download raw JSONL data for -ły meaning in Polish (4.7kB)

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'non-virile'",
  "path": [
    "-ły"
  ],
  "section": "Polish",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "-ły",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (f889f65 and 8fbd9e8). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.