See روم in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "rumi",
"word": "رومی"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "yâ rumi-ye rum, yâ zangi-ye zang",
"word": "یا رومی روم، یا زنگی زنگ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "na rumi-ye rum, na zangi-ye zang",
"word": "نه رومی روم، نه زنگی زنگ"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "pal",
"3": "𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬",
"tr": "Hrōm"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬 (Hrōm)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "gkm",
"3": "Ῥώμη",
"4": "",
"5": "Rome"
},
"expansion": "Byzantine Greek Ῥώμη (Rhṓmē, “Rome”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "la",
"3": "Romanus",
"4": "Romani",
"5": "Romans"
},
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"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "trk-oat",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Anatolian Turkish",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Persian 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬 (Hrōm), from Byzantine Greek Ῥώμη (Rhṓmē, “Rome”) and Ῥωμανία (Rhōmanía, “Byzantine Empire”), from Latin Romani (“Romans”), from Roma (“Rome”) of uncertain origin. In particular application to central Anatolia, from such use in Seljuk Old Anatolian Turkish.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Rum",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "proper noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"id": "",
"tr": "Rum",
"tr2": "",
"tr3": "",
"tr4": ""
},
"expansion": "روم • (Rum)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"tr": "Rum"
},
"expansion": "روم • (Rum)",
"name": "fa-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "fa",
"name": "Cities in Italy",
"orig": "fa:Cities in Italy",
"parents": [
"Cities",
"Places",
"Polities",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "fa",
"name": "National capitals",
"orig": "fa:National capitals",
"parents": [
"Capital cities",
"Cities",
"Polities",
"Places",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "fa",
"name": "Places in Italy",
"orig": "fa:Places in Italy",
"parents": [
"Places",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "fa",
"name": "Rome",
"orig": "fa:Rome",
"parents": [
"Lazio",
"Italy",
"Europe",
"Earth",
"Eurasia",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "روم باستان ― rum-e bâstân ― Ancient Rome",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of رُم (Rom), Rome (the capital of Italy)"
],
"id": "en-روم-fa-name-8baDla7g",
"links": [
[
"رُم",
"رم#Persian"
],
[
"Rome",
"Rome#English"
],
[
"capital",
"capital"
],
[
"Italy",
"Italy#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete or archaic) Synonym of رُم (Rom), Rome (the capital of Italy)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "(Rom), Rome (the capital of Italy)",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "رُم"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "fa",
"name": "Historical polities",
"orig": "fa:Historical polities",
"parents": [
"Polities",
"Places",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "15 18 3 4 16 0 9 26 3 3 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Persian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 17 2 1 17 1 6 34 2 2 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 17 1 1 15 1 6 37 1 1 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 63 5 4 5 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Persian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 56 10 6 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Persian terms in nonstandard scripts",
"parents": [
"Terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Roman Republic",
"roman": "jomhuri-ye rum",
"text": "جمهوری روم",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Ancient Rome (a former country in Europe, Asia and Africa)"
],
"id": "en-روم-fa-name-hyfPLf4p",
"links": [
[
"Ancient Rome",
"Ancient Rome#English"
],
[
"Europe",
"Europe#English"
],
[
"Asia",
"Asia#English"
],
[
"Africa",
"Africa#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) Ancient Rome (a former country in Europe, Asia and Africa)"
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "fa",
"name": "Historical polities",
"orig": "fa:Historical polities",
"parents": [
"Polities",
"Places",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of بیزانس (Bizâns), Byzantine Empire (a former country in Europe, Asia and Africa)"
],
"id": "en-روم-fa-name-3uzmikBd",
"links": [
[
"بیزانس",
"بیزانس#Persian"
],
[
"Byzantine Empire",
"Byzantine Empire#English"
],
[
"Europe",
"Europe#English"
],
[
"Asia",
"Asia#English"
],
[
"Africa",
"Africa#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical, dated) Synonym of بیزانس (Bizâns), Byzantine Empire (a former country in Europe, Asia and Africa)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "(Bizâns), Byzantine Empire (a former country in Europe, Asia and Africa)",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "بیزانس"
}
],
"tags": [
"dated",
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "fa",
"name": "Regions of Asia",
"orig": "fa:Regions of Asia",
"parents": [
"Regions",
"Places",
"Asia",
"Political subdivisions",
"Names",
"Earth",
"Eurasia",
"Polities",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Nature",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of آناتولی (Ânâtoli), Anatolia (a region of southwestern Asia)"
],
"id": "en-روم-fa-name-exyBc3wa",
"links": [
[
"آناتولی",
"آناتولی#Persian"
],
[
"Anatolia",
"Anatolia#English"
],
[
"Asia",
"Asia#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) Synonym of آناتولی (Ânâtoli), Anatolia (a region of southwestern Asia)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "(Ânâtoli), Anatolia (a region of southwestern Asia)",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "آناتولی"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "fa",
"name": "Historical polities",
"orig": "fa:Historical polities",
"parents": [
"Polities",
"Places",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of امپراتوری عثمانی (Emperâturi 'Osmâni), Ottoman Empire (a former country in Europe, Asia and Africa)"
],
"id": "en-روم-fa-name-vs~6~ZbB",
"links": [
[
"امپراتوری عثمانی",
"امپراتوری عثمانی#Persian"
],
[
"Ottoman Empire",
"Ottoman Empire#English"
],
[
"Europe",
"Europe#English"
],
[
"Asia",
"Asia#English"
],
[
"Africa",
"Africa#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical, dated) Synonym of امپراتوری عثمانی (Emperâturi 'Osmâni), Ottoman Empire (a former country in Europe, Asia and Africa)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "(Emperâturi 'Osmâni), Ottoman Empire (a former country in Europe, Asia and Africa)",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "امپراتوری عثمانی"
}
],
"tags": [
"dated",
"historical"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɾuːm]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Persian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ruːm]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ruːm]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ruːm]",
"tags": [
"Kabuli"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[rum]",
"note": "Hazaragi"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɹuːm]",
"tags": [
"Iran",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ɾum]",
"tags": [
"Tajik",
"formal"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Shahnama"
],
"word": "روم"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "en",
"3": "Rome"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from English Rome",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from English Rome.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rôm",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "proper noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"id": "",
"tr": "rôm",
"tr2": "",
"tr3": "",
"tr4": ""
},
"expansion": "روم • (rôm)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"tr": "rôm"
},
"expansion": "روم • (rôm)",
"name": "fa-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dari",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "fa",
"name": "Cities in Italy",
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"Cities",
"Places",
"Polities",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
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"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "fa",
"name": "National capitals",
"orig": "fa:National capitals",
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"Cities",
"Polities",
"Places",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "fa",
"name": "Places in Italy",
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"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
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"Lemmas"
],
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},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "fa",
"name": "Rome",
"orig": "fa:Rome",
"parents": [
"Lazio",
"Italy",
"Europe",
"Earth",
"Eurasia",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Rome (the capital of Italy)"
],
"id": "en-روم-fa-noun-5qtlyz4H",
"links": [
[
"Rome",
"Rome#English"
],
[
"capital",
"capital"
],
[
"Italy",
"Italy#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Dari) Rome (the capital of Italy)"
],
"tags": [
"Dari"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[roːm]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
}
],
"word": "روم"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle Persian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Persian entries with incorrect language header",
"Persian lemmas",
"Persian proper nouns",
"Persian terms borrowed from English",
"Persian terms derived from Byzantine Greek",
"Persian terms derived from English",
"Persian terms derived from Latin",
"Persian terms derived from Middle Persian",
"Persian terms derived from Old Anatolian Turkish",
"Persian terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Persian terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "rumi",
"word": "رومی"
},
{
"roman": "yâ rumi-ye rum, yâ zangi-ye zang",
"word": "یا رومی روم، یا زنگی زنگ"
},
{
"roman": "na rumi-ye rum, na zangi-ye zang",
"word": "نه رومی روم، نه زنگی زنگ"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "pal",
"3": "𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬",
"tr": "Hrōm"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬 (Hrōm)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "gkm",
"3": "Ῥώμη",
"4": "",
"5": "Rome"
},
"expansion": "Byzantine Greek Ῥώμη (Rhṓmē, “Rome”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "la",
"3": "Romanus",
"4": "Romani",
"5": "Romans"
},
"expansion": "Latin Romani (“Romans”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "trk-oat",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Anatolian Turkish",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Persian 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬 (Hrōm), from Byzantine Greek Ῥώμη (Rhṓmē, “Rome”) and Ῥωμανία (Rhōmanía, “Byzantine Empire”), from Latin Romani (“Romans”), from Roma (“Rome”) of uncertain origin. In particular application to central Anatolia, from such use in Seljuk Old Anatolian Turkish.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Rum",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "proper noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"id": "",
"tr": "Rum",
"tr2": "",
"tr3": "",
"tr4": ""
},
"expansion": "روم • (Rum)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"tr": "Rum"
},
"expansion": "روم • (Rum)",
"name": "fa-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Persian terms with archaic senses",
"Persian terms with obsolete senses",
"Persian terms with usage examples",
"fa:Cities in Italy",
"fa:National capitals",
"fa:Places in Italy",
"fa:Rome"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "روم باستان ― rum-e bâstân ― Ancient Rome",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of رُم (Rom), Rome (the capital of Italy)"
],
"links": [
[
"رُم",
"رم#Persian"
],
[
"Rome",
"Rome#English"
],
[
"capital",
"capital"
],
[
"Italy",
"Italy#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete or archaic) Synonym of رُم (Rom), Rome (the capital of Italy)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "(Rom), Rome (the capital of Italy)",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "رُم"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Persian terms with historical senses",
"Persian terms with usage examples",
"fa:Historical polities"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Roman Republic",
"roman": "jomhuri-ye rum",
"text": "جمهوری روم",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Ancient Rome (a former country in Europe, Asia and Africa)"
],
"links": [
[
"Ancient Rome",
"Ancient Rome#English"
],
[
"Europe",
"Europe#English"
],
[
"Asia",
"Asia#English"
],
[
"Africa",
"Africa#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) Ancient Rome (a former country in Europe, Asia and Africa)"
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Persian dated terms",
"Persian terms with historical senses",
"fa:Historical polities"
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of بیزانس (Bizâns), Byzantine Empire (a former country in Europe, Asia and Africa)"
],
"links": [
[
"بیزانس",
"بیزانس#Persian"
],
[
"Byzantine Empire",
"Byzantine Empire#English"
],
[
"Europe",
"Europe#English"
],
[
"Asia",
"Asia#English"
],
[
"Africa",
"Africa#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical, dated) Synonym of بیزانس (Bizâns), Byzantine Empire (a former country in Europe, Asia and Africa)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "(Bizâns), Byzantine Empire (a former country in Europe, Asia and Africa)",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "بیزانس"
}
],
"tags": [
"dated",
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Persian terms with archaic senses",
"fa:Regions of Asia"
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of آناتولی (Ânâtoli), Anatolia (a region of southwestern Asia)"
],
"links": [
[
"آناتولی",
"آناتولی#Persian"
],
[
"Anatolia",
"Anatolia#English"
],
[
"Asia",
"Asia#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) Synonym of آناتولی (Ânâtoli), Anatolia (a region of southwestern Asia)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "(Ânâtoli), Anatolia (a region of southwestern Asia)",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "آناتولی"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Persian dated terms",
"Persian terms with historical senses",
"fa:Historical polities"
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of امپراتوری عثمانی (Emperâturi 'Osmâni), Ottoman Empire (a former country in Europe, Asia and Africa)"
],
"links": [
[
"امپراتوری عثمانی",
"امپراتوری عثمانی#Persian"
],
[
"Ottoman Empire",
"Ottoman Empire#English"
],
[
"Europe",
"Europe#English"
],
[
"Asia",
"Asia#English"
],
[
"Africa",
"Africa#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical, dated) Synonym of امپراتوری عثمانی (Emperâturi 'Osmâni), Ottoman Empire (a former country in Europe, Asia and Africa)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "(Emperâturi 'Osmâni), Ottoman Empire (a former country in Europe, Asia and Africa)",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "امپراتوری عثمانی"
}
],
"tags": [
"dated",
"historical"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɾuːm]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Persian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ruːm]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ruːm]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ruːm]",
"tags": [
"Kabuli"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[rum]",
"note": "Hazaragi"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɹuːm]",
"tags": [
"Iran",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ɾum]",
"tags": [
"Tajik",
"formal"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Shahnama"
],
"word": "روم"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Persian entries with incorrect language header",
"Persian lemmas",
"Persian proper nouns",
"Persian terms borrowed from English",
"Persian terms derived from English",
"Persian terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "en",
"3": "Rome"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from English Rome",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from English Rome.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rôm",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "proper noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"id": "",
"tr": "rôm",
"tr2": "",
"tr3": "",
"tr4": ""
},
"expansion": "روم • (rôm)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"tr": "rôm"
},
"expansion": "روم • (rôm)",
"name": "fa-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Dari",
"fa:Cities in Italy",
"fa:National capitals",
"fa:Places in Italy",
"fa:Rome"
],
"glosses": [
"Rome (the capital of Italy)"
],
"links": [
[
"Rome",
"Rome#English"
],
[
"capital",
"capital"
],
[
"Italy",
"Italy#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Dari) Rome (the capital of Italy)"
],
"tags": [
"Dari"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[roːm]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
}
],
"word": "روم"
}
Download raw JSONL data for روم meaning in Persian (7.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Persian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-17 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (ca09fec and c40eb85). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.