"شهر" meaning in Persian

See شهر in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: [ʃahɾ] [Classical-Persian], [ʃäɦɾ] [Dari, formal], [ʃäɦɾ] [Dari, formal], [ʃɑːɾ] [Kabuli], [ʃɔːɾ] (note: Hazaragi), [ʃæɦɹ] [Iran, formal], [ʃäɦɾ] [Tajik, formal] Audio: LL-Q9168 (fas)-Darafsh-شهر.wav Forms: شَهْر [canonical], šahr [romanization], شهرها [plural]
Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-Iranian *kšatrám Middle Persian 𐭱𐭲𐭥𐭩 (štʿy) Persian شهر Inherited from Middle Persian 𐭱𐭲𐭥𐭩 (štry /⁠šahr⁠/) (compare Old Persian 𐎧𐏁𐏂𐎶 (x-š-ç-m /⁠xšaça-⁠/)), from Proto-Iranian *xšaθram, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kšatrám. Compare Pashto ښار (ẍâr) and Avestan 𐬑𐬱𐬀𐬚𐬭𐬀 (xšaθra). Etymology templates: {{etymon|fa|inh|pal>𐭱𐭲𐭥𐭩>city|id=city|tree=1}} Etymology tree Proto-Indo-Iranian *kšatrám Middle Persian 𐭱𐭲𐭥𐭩 (štʿy) Persian شهر, {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|fa|pal|𐭱𐭲𐭥𐭩|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=Phli|sort=|tr=štry|ts=šahr}} Middle Persian 𐭱𐭲𐭥𐭩 (štry /⁠šahr⁠/), {{inh+|fa|pal|𐭱𐭲𐭥𐭩|sc=Phli|tr=štry|ts=šahr}} Inherited from Middle Persian 𐭱𐭲𐭥𐭩 (štry /⁠šahr⁠/), {{cog|peo|𐎧𐏁𐏂𐎶|sc=Xpeo|ts=xšaça-}} Old Persian 𐎧𐏁𐏂𐎶 (x-š-ç-m /⁠xšaça-⁠/), {{inh|fa|ira-pro|*xšaθram}} Proto-Iranian *xšaθram, {{inh|fa|iir-pro|*kšatrám}} Proto-Indo-Iranian *kšatrám, {{cog|ps|ښار|tr=ẍâr}} Pashto ښار (ẍâr), {{cog|ae|𐬑𐬱𐬀𐬚𐬭𐬀}} Avestan 𐬑𐬱𐬀𐬚𐬭𐬀 (xšaθra) Head templates: {{head|fa|noun|plural|شهرها|||||f1tr=šahr-hâ|f2tr=|f3tr=|head=شَهْر|head2=|head3=|tr=šahr|tr2=|tr3=}} شَهْر • (šahr) (plural شهرها (šahr-hâ)), {{fa-noun|head=شَهْر|pl=شهرها|tr=šahr}} شَهْر • (šahr) (plural شهرها (šahr-hâ))
  1. city, town
    Sense id: en-شهر-fa-noun-buP~kWBn
  2. (obsolete) land, country, realm Tags: obsolete
    Sense id: en-شهر-fa-noun-8JfZ3gYP Categories (other): Automatic Inscriptional Pahlavi transliterations containing ambiguous characters, Middle Persian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations, Persian entries with etymology trees, Persian entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Automatic Inscriptional Pahlavi transliterations containing ambiguous characters: 18 16 11 56 Disambiguation of Middle Persian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations: 36 64 Disambiguation of Persian entries with etymology trees: 11 89 Disambiguation of Persian entries with incorrect language header: 9 91
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: ایرانشهر (irânšahr) (english: Iran), شهرآورد (šahr-âvard), شهردار (šahrdâr) (english: mayor), شهرسازی (šahrsâzi), شهرستان (šahrestân) (english: province), شهرنشین (šahrnešin), شهرک (šahrak) (english: town), شهری (šahri) (english: civic, urban), شهریار (šahryâr) (english: monarch, prince)

Inflected forms

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "tg",
            "2": "шаҳр"
          },
          "expansion": "Tajik: шаҳр (šahr)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Tajik: шаҳр (šahr)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "az",
            "2": "şəhər",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Azerbaijani: şəhər",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Azerbaijani: şəhər"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "as",
            "2": "চহৰ",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Assamese: চহৰ (sohor)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Assamese: চহৰ (sohor)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bn",
            "2": "শহর",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Bengali: শহর (śohor)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Bengali: শহর (śohor)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "crh",
            "2": "şeer",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Crimean Tatar: şeer",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Crimean Tatar: şeer"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dv",
            "2": "ޝަހަރު",
            "3": "ސަހަރު",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Dhivehi: ޝަހަރު (šaharu), ސަހަރު (saharu)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Dhivehi: ޝަހަރު (šaharu), ސަހަރު (saharu)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gu",
            "2": "શહેર",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Gujarati: શહેર (śaher)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Gujarati: શહેર (śaher)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "inc-hnd",
            "2": "-",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Hindustani:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Hindustani:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hi",
            "2": "शहर",
            "tr": "śahr"
          },
          "expansion": "Hindi: शहर (śahr)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Hindi: शहर (śahr)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ur",
            "2": "شہر",
            "tr": "śahr, śahár, śehár"
          },
          "expansion": "Urdu: شہر (śahr, śahár, śehár)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Urdu: شہر (śahr, śahár, śehár)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "krc",
            "2": "шахар",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Karachay-Balkar: шахар (şaxar)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Karachay-Balkar: шахар (şaxar)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "kk",
            "2": "шаһар",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Kazakh: шаһар (şahar)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Kazakh: шаһар (şahar)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "kum",
            "2": "шагьар",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Kumyk: шагьар (şahar)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Kumyk: шагьар (şahar)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "kmr",
            "2": "şar",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Northern Kurdish: şar",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Northern Kurdish: şar"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ky",
            "2": "шаар",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Kyrgyz: шаар (şaar)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Kyrgyz: шаар (şaar)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mr",
            "2": "शहर",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Marathi: शहर (śahar)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Marathi: शहर (śahar)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ne",
            "2": "सहर",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Nepali: सहर (sahar)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Nepali: सहर (sahar)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ota",
            "2": "شهر",
            "bor": "1",
            "sc": "ota-Arab",
            "tr": "şehir"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Ottoman Turkish: شهر (şehir)\nTurkish: şehir\n→ Serbo-Croatian:\nLatin script: šȅher\nCyrillic script: ше̏хер",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Ottoman Turkish: شهر (şehir)\nTurkish: şehir\n→ Serbo-Croatian:\nLatin script: šȅher\nCyrillic script: ше̏хер"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pa",
            "2": "-",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Punjabi:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Punjabi:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pa",
            "2": "ਸ਼ਹਿਰ",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Gurmukhi script: ਸ਼ਹਿਰ (śahir)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Gurmukhi script: ਸ਼ਹਿਰ (śahir)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pa",
            "2": "شہر",
            "sclb": "1",
            "tr": "śahir"
          },
          "expansion": "Shahmukhi script: شہر (śahir)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Shahmukhi script: شہر (śahir)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ug",
            "2": "شەھەر",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Uyghur: شەھەر (sheher)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Uyghur: شەھەر (sheher)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "uz",
            "2": "shahar",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Uzbek: shahar",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Uzbek: shahar"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "inh",
        "3": "pal>𐭱𐭲𐭥𐭩>city",
        "id": "city",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-Iranian *kšatrám\nMiddle Persian 𐭱𐭲𐭥𐭩 (štʿy)\nPersian شهر",
      "name": "etymon"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "pal",
        "3": "𐭱𐭲𐭥𐭩",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "Phli",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "štry",
        "ts": "šahr"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Persian 𐭱𐭲𐭥𐭩 (štry /⁠šahr⁠/)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "pal",
        "3": "𐭱𐭲𐭥𐭩",
        "sc": "Phli",
        "tr": "štry",
        "ts": "šahr"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Middle Persian 𐭱𐭲𐭥𐭩 (štry /⁠šahr⁠/)",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "peo",
        "2": "𐎧𐏁𐏂𐎶",
        "sc": "Xpeo",
        "ts": "xšaça-"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Persian 𐎧𐏁𐏂𐎶 (x-š-ç-m /⁠xšaça-⁠/)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "ira-pro",
        "3": "*xšaθram"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Iranian *xšaθram",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "iir-pro",
        "3": "*kšatrám"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *kšatrám",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ps",
        "2": "ښار",
        "tr": "ẍâr"
      },
      "expansion": "Pashto ښار (ẍâr)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ae",
        "2": "𐬑𐬱𐬀𐬚𐬭𐬀"
      },
      "expansion": "Avestan 𐬑𐬱𐬀𐬚𐬭𐬀 (xšaθra)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-Iranian *kšatrám\nMiddle Persian 𐭱𐭲𐭥𐭩 (štʿy)\nPersian شهر\nInherited from Middle Persian 𐭱𐭲𐭥𐭩 (štry /⁠šahr⁠/) (compare Old Persian 𐎧𐏁𐏂𐎶 (x-š-ç-m /⁠xšaça-⁠/)), from Proto-Iranian *xšaθram, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kšatrám. Compare Pashto ښار (ẍâr) and Avestan 𐬑𐬱𐬀𐬚𐬭𐬀 (xšaθra).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "شَهْر",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "šahr",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "شهرها",
      "roman": "šahr-hâ",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "plural",
        "4": "شهرها",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "f1tr": "šahr-hâ",
        "f2tr": "",
        "f3tr": "",
        "head": "شَهْر",
        "head2": "",
        "head3": "",
        "tr": "šahr",
        "tr2": "",
        "tr3": ""
      },
      "expansion": "شَهْر • (šahr) (plural شهرها (šahr-hâ))",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "head": "شَهْر",
        "pl": "شهرها",
        "tr": "šahr"
      },
      "expansion": "شَهْر • (šahr) (plural شهرها (šahr-hâ))",
      "name": "fa-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Persian",
  "lang_code": "fa",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "Iran",
      "roman": "irânšahr",
      "word": "ایرانشهر"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "šahr-âvard",
      "word": "شهرآورد"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "mayor",
      "roman": "šahrdâr",
      "word": "شهردار"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "šahrsâzi",
      "word": "شهرسازی"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "province",
      "roman": "šahrestân",
      "word": "شهرستان"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "šahrnešin",
      "word": "شهرنشین"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "town",
      "roman": "šahrak",
      "word": "شهرک"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "civic, urban",
      "roman": "šahri",
      "word": "شهری"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "monarch, prince",
      "roman": "šahryâr",
      "word": "شهریار"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "largest city in Iran",
          "roman": "bozorgtarin šahr-e irân",
          "text": "بزرگترین شهر ایران",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "city, town"
      ],
      "id": "en-شهر-fa-noun-buP~kWBn",
      "links": [
        [
          "city",
          "city"
        ],
        [
          "town",
          "town"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "18 16 11 56",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Automatic Inscriptional Pahlavi transliterations containing ambiguous characters",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "36 64",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle Persian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "11 89",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Persian entries with etymology trees",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with etymology trees",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "9 91",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Persian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "When he gave the realm of Iran to Gushtāsp,\nYou did not remember that throne at all;\nYou did not write a single letter to him,\nYou turned away from the adornment of vassalage.",
          "ref": "c. 1011, Abu'l-Qāsim Firdawsī, “The Tale of Rustam and Isfandiyār”, in شاهنامه [Book of Kings]:",
          "roman": "čū ō šahr-i ērān ba guštāsp dād\nnay-āmad tu-rā hēč z-ān taxt yād\nsōy-i ō yakē nāma na-niwišta'ī\naz ārāyiš-i bandagī gašta'ī",
          "text": "چو او شهر ایران به گشتاسپ داد\nنیامد ترا هیچ زان تخت یاد\nسوی او یکی نامه ننوشتهای\nاز آرایش بندگی گشتهای",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "land, country, realm"
      ],
      "id": "en-شهر-fa-noun-8JfZ3gYP",
      "links": [
        [
          "land",
          "land"
        ],
        [
          "country",
          "country"
        ],
        [
          "realm",
          "realm"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) land, country, realm"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ʃahɾ]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Persian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ʃäɦɾ]",
      "tags": [
        "Dari",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ʃäɦɾ]",
      "tags": [
        "Dari",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ʃɑːɾ]",
      "tags": [
        "Kabuli"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ʃɔːɾ]",
      "note": "Hazaragi"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ʃæɦɹ]",
      "tags": [
        "Iran",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ʃäɦɾ]",
      "tags": [
        "Tajik",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q9168 (fas)-Darafsh-شهر.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/49/LL-Q9168_%28fas%29-Darafsh-%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1.wav/LL-Q9168_%28fas%29-Darafsh-%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/49/LL-Q9168_%28fas%29-Darafsh-%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1.wav/LL-Q9168_%28fas%29-Darafsh-%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1.wav.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "شهر"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Automatic Inscriptional Pahlavi transliterations containing ambiguous characters",
    "Middle Persian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
    "Pages with 8 entries",
    "Persian entries with etymology trees",
    "Persian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Persian lemmas",
    "Persian nouns",
    "Persian terms derived from Middle Persian",
    "Persian terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian",
    "Persian terms derived from Proto-Iranian",
    "Persian terms inherited from Middle Persian",
    "Persian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian",
    "Persian terms inherited from Proto-Iranian",
    "Persian terms with IPA pronunciation"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "tg",
            "2": "шаҳр"
          },
          "expansion": "Tajik: шаҳр (šahr)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Tajik: шаҳр (šahr)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "az",
            "2": "şəhər",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Azerbaijani: şəhər",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Azerbaijani: şəhər"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "as",
            "2": "চহৰ",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Assamese: চহৰ (sohor)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Assamese: চহৰ (sohor)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bn",
            "2": "শহর",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Bengali: শহর (śohor)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Bengali: শহর (śohor)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "crh",
            "2": "şeer",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Crimean Tatar: şeer",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Crimean Tatar: şeer"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dv",
            "2": "ޝަހަރު",
            "3": "ސަހަރު",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Dhivehi: ޝަހަރު (šaharu), ސަހަރު (saharu)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Dhivehi: ޝަހަރު (šaharu), ސަހަރު (saharu)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gu",
            "2": "શહેર",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Gujarati: શહેર (śaher)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Gujarati: શહેર (śaher)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "inc-hnd",
            "2": "-",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Hindustani:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Hindustani:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hi",
            "2": "शहर",
            "tr": "śahr"
          },
          "expansion": "Hindi: शहर (śahr)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Hindi: शहर (śahr)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ur",
            "2": "شہر",
            "tr": "śahr, śahár, śehár"
          },
          "expansion": "Urdu: شہر (śahr, śahár, śehár)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Urdu: شہر (śahr, śahár, śehár)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "krc",
            "2": "шахар",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Karachay-Balkar: шахар (şaxar)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Karachay-Balkar: шахар (şaxar)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "kk",
            "2": "шаһар",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Kazakh: шаһар (şahar)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Kazakh: шаһар (şahar)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "kum",
            "2": "шагьар",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Kumyk: шагьар (şahar)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Kumyk: шагьар (şahar)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "kmr",
            "2": "şar",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Northern Kurdish: şar",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Northern Kurdish: şar"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ky",
            "2": "шаар",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Kyrgyz: шаар (şaar)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Kyrgyz: шаар (şaar)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mr",
            "2": "शहर",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Marathi: शहर (śahar)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Marathi: शहर (śahar)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ne",
            "2": "सहर",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Nepali: सहर (sahar)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Nepali: सहर (sahar)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ota",
            "2": "شهر",
            "bor": "1",
            "sc": "ota-Arab",
            "tr": "şehir"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Ottoman Turkish: شهر (şehir)\nTurkish: şehir\n→ Serbo-Croatian:\nLatin script: šȅher\nCyrillic script: ше̏хер",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Ottoman Turkish: شهر (şehir)\nTurkish: şehir\n→ Serbo-Croatian:\nLatin script: šȅher\nCyrillic script: ше̏хер"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pa",
            "2": "-",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Punjabi:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Punjabi:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pa",
            "2": "ਸ਼ਹਿਰ",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Gurmukhi script: ਸ਼ਹਿਰ (śahir)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Gurmukhi script: ਸ਼ਹਿਰ (śahir)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pa",
            "2": "شہر",
            "sclb": "1",
            "tr": "śahir"
          },
          "expansion": "Shahmukhi script: شہر (śahir)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Shahmukhi script: شہر (śahir)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ug",
            "2": "شەھەر",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Uyghur: شەھەر (sheher)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Uyghur: شەھەر (sheher)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "uz",
            "2": "shahar",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Uzbek: shahar",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Uzbek: shahar"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "inh",
        "3": "pal>𐭱𐭲𐭥𐭩>city",
        "id": "city",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-Iranian *kšatrám\nMiddle Persian 𐭱𐭲𐭥𐭩 (štʿy)\nPersian شهر",
      "name": "etymon"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "pal",
        "3": "𐭱𐭲𐭥𐭩",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "Phli",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "štry",
        "ts": "šahr"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Persian 𐭱𐭲𐭥𐭩 (štry /⁠šahr⁠/)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "pal",
        "3": "𐭱𐭲𐭥𐭩",
        "sc": "Phli",
        "tr": "štry",
        "ts": "šahr"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Middle Persian 𐭱𐭲𐭥𐭩 (štry /⁠šahr⁠/)",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "peo",
        "2": "𐎧𐏁𐏂𐎶",
        "sc": "Xpeo",
        "ts": "xšaça-"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Persian 𐎧𐏁𐏂𐎶 (x-š-ç-m /⁠xšaça-⁠/)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "ira-pro",
        "3": "*xšaθram"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Iranian *xšaθram",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "iir-pro",
        "3": "*kšatrám"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *kšatrám",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ps",
        "2": "ښار",
        "tr": "ẍâr"
      },
      "expansion": "Pashto ښار (ẍâr)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ae",
        "2": "𐬑𐬱𐬀𐬚𐬭𐬀"
      },
      "expansion": "Avestan 𐬑𐬱𐬀𐬚𐬭𐬀 (xšaθra)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-Iranian *kšatrám\nMiddle Persian 𐭱𐭲𐭥𐭩 (štʿy)\nPersian شهر\nInherited from Middle Persian 𐭱𐭲𐭥𐭩 (štry /⁠šahr⁠/) (compare Old Persian 𐎧𐏁𐏂𐎶 (x-š-ç-m /⁠xšaça-⁠/)), from Proto-Iranian *xšaθram, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kšatrám. Compare Pashto ښار (ẍâr) and Avestan 𐬑𐬱𐬀𐬚𐬭𐬀 (xšaθra).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "شَهْر",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "šahr",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "شهرها",
      "roman": "šahr-hâ",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "plural",
        "4": "شهرها",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "f1tr": "šahr-hâ",
        "f2tr": "",
        "f3tr": "",
        "head": "شَهْر",
        "head2": "",
        "head3": "",
        "tr": "šahr",
        "tr2": "",
        "tr3": ""
      },
      "expansion": "شَهْر • (šahr) (plural شهرها (šahr-hâ))",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "head": "شَهْر",
        "pl": "شهرها",
        "tr": "šahr"
      },
      "expansion": "شَهْر • (šahr) (plural شهرها (šahr-hâ))",
      "name": "fa-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Persian",
  "lang_code": "fa",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "english": "Iran",
      "roman": "irânšahr",
      "word": "ایرانشهر"
    },
    {
      "roman": "šahr-âvard",
      "word": "شهرآورد"
    },
    {
      "english": "mayor",
      "roman": "šahrdâr",
      "word": "شهردار"
    },
    {
      "roman": "šahrsâzi",
      "word": "شهرسازی"
    },
    {
      "english": "province",
      "roman": "šahrestân",
      "word": "شهرستان"
    },
    {
      "roman": "šahrnešin",
      "word": "شهرنشین"
    },
    {
      "english": "town",
      "roman": "šahrak",
      "word": "شهرک"
    },
    {
      "english": "civic, urban",
      "roman": "šahri",
      "word": "شهری"
    },
    {
      "english": "monarch, prince",
      "roman": "šahryâr",
      "word": "شهریار"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Persian terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "largest city in Iran",
          "roman": "bozorgtarin šahr-e irân",
          "text": "بزرگترین شهر ایران",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "city, town"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "city",
          "city"
        ],
        [
          "town",
          "town"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Persian terms with obsolete senses",
        "Persian terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "When he gave the realm of Iran to Gushtāsp,\nYou did not remember that throne at all;\nYou did not write a single letter to him,\nYou turned away from the adornment of vassalage.",
          "ref": "c. 1011, Abu'l-Qāsim Firdawsī, “The Tale of Rustam and Isfandiyār”, in شاهنامه [Book of Kings]:",
          "roman": "čū ō šahr-i ērān ba guštāsp dād\nnay-āmad tu-rā hēč z-ān taxt yād\nsōy-i ō yakē nāma na-niwišta'ī\naz ārāyiš-i bandagī gašta'ī",
          "text": "چو او شهر ایران به گشتاسپ داد\nنیامد ترا هیچ زان تخت یاد\nسوی او یکی نامه ننوشتهای\nاز آرایش بندگی گشتهای",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "land, country, realm"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "land",
          "land"
        ],
        [
          "country",
          "country"
        ],
        [
          "realm",
          "realm"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) land, country, realm"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ʃahɾ]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Persian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ʃäɦɾ]",
      "tags": [
        "Dari",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ʃäɦɾ]",
      "tags": [
        "Dari",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ʃɑːɾ]",
      "tags": [
        "Kabuli"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ʃɔːɾ]",
      "note": "Hazaragi"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ʃæɦɹ]",
      "tags": [
        "Iran",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ʃäɦɾ]",
      "tags": [
        "Tajik",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q9168 (fas)-Darafsh-شهر.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/49/LL-Q9168_%28fas%29-Darafsh-%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1.wav/LL-Q9168_%28fas%29-Darafsh-%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/49/LL-Q9168_%28fas%29-Darafsh-%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1.wav/LL-Q9168_%28fas%29-Darafsh-%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1.wav.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "شهر"
}

Download raw JSONL data for شهر meaning in Persian (10.2kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Persian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-09-22 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-09-20 using wiktextract (af5c55c and 66545a6). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.