See شام in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "az",
"2": "şam",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Azerbaijani: şam",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Azerbaijani: şam"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gu",
"2": "شام",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "shām"
},
"expansion": "→ Gujarati: شام (shām)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Gujarati: شام (shām)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-hnd",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Hindustani:",
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}
],
"text": "→ Hindustani:"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "शाम"
},
"expansion": "Hindi: शाम (śām)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hindi: शाम (śām)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ur",
"2": "شام",
"tr": "śām"
},
"expansion": "Urdu: شام (śām)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Urdu: شام (śām)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "klj",
"2": "şâm",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Khalaj: şâm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Khalaj: şâm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ota",
"2": "شام",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "şâm"
},
"expansion": "→ Ottoman Turkish: شام (şâm)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ottoman Turkish: شام (şâm)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "şam"
},
"expansion": "Turkish: şam",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Turkish: şam"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "inh",
"3": "ira-pro>*xšáfnyah>evening",
"id": "dinner",
"text": "++"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Iranian *xšáfnyah.",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Iranian *xšáfnyah.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "šâm",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"f1tr": "",
"f2tr": "",
"f3tr": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"tr": "šâm",
"tr2": "",
"tr3": ""
},
"expansion": "شام • (šâm)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"tr": "šâm"
},
"expansion": "شام • (šâm)",
"name": "fa-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "šab",
"word": "شب"
}
],
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{
"categories": [],
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{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
20,
26
]
],
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8,
11
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
45,
48
],
[
81,
87
]
],
"english": "What do we have for dinner?",
"raw_tags": [
"more literary"
],
"roman": "barâ-ye šâm či dârim?",
"text": "برای شام چی داریم؟",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
20,
26
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
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0,
3
]
],
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[
34,
37
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[
70,
76
]
],
"english": "What do we have for dinner?",
"raw_tags": [
"more colloquial"
],
"roman": "šâm či dârim?",
"text": "شام چی داریم؟",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dinner, supper (evening meal)"
],
"id": "en-شام-fa-noun-EOSFykwu",
"links": [
[
"dinner",
"dinner"
],
[
"supper",
"supper"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"dusk"
],
"id": "en-شام-fa-noun-Ka74MZWy",
"links": [
[
"dusk",
"dusk"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) dusk"
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"evening"
],
"id": "en-شام-fa-noun-5b0IAdEO",
"links": [
[
"evening",
"evening"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) evening"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "عصر"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ʃɑːm]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Persian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʃɑːm]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʃɑːm]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʃɑːm]",
"tags": [
"Kabuli"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʃɔːm]",
"note": "Hazaragi"
},
{
"ipa": "[ʃɒːm]",
"tags": [
"Iran",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʃɔm]",
"tags": [
"Tajik",
"formal"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"fa:شام"
],
"word": "شام"
}
{
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"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ur",
"2": "شام",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "śām"
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"expansion": "→ Urdu: شام (śām)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Urdu: شام (śām)"
}
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"2": "bor",
"3": "ar>شَام>Damascus",
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"text": "+"
},
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"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Arabic شَام (šām).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "šâm",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "proper noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"id": "",
"tr": "šâm",
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"tr3": "",
"tr4": ""
},
"expansion": "شام • (šâm)",
"name": "head"
},
{
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"tr": "šâm"
},
"expansion": "شام • (šâm)",
"name": "fa-proper noun"
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],
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"lang_code": "fa",
"pos": "name",
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{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "fa",
"name": "Geographic and cultural areas of Asia",
"orig": "fa:Geographic and cultural areas of Asia",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "47 28 5 10 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Persian entries referencing etymons with invalid IDs",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 26 6 12 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Persian entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "55 26 4 8 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Persian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
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{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
56,
61
]
],
"english": "This sign and this information lies in the direction of Syria: you will see it as you pass on the way to Jerusalem.",
"ref": "c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume III, verse 89:",
"roman": "suy-e šâm-ast in nešân o in xabar / dar rah-e qods-aš be-bini dar gozar",
"text": "سوی شامست این نشان و این خبر / در ره قدسش ببینی در گذر",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Levant (a cultural region of Western Asia consisting of the eastern Mediterranean countries, i.e. Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Palestine, Jordan and Cyprus)"
],
"id": "en-شام-fa-name-5e3OgZ78",
"links": [
[
"Levant",
"Levant#English:_Q81483"
],
[
"Western Asia",
"Western Asia#English"
],
[
"Mediterranean",
"Mediterranean"
],
[
"Syria",
"Syria"
],
[
"Lebanon",
"Lebanon"
],
[
"Israel",
"Israel"
],
[
"Palestine",
"Palestine"
],
[
"Jordan",
"Jordan"
],
[
"Cyprus",
"Cyprus"
]
]
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{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "fa",
"name": "Ancient Near East",
"orig": "fa:Ancient Near East",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "fa",
"name": "Ancient settlements",
"orig": "fa:Ancient settlements",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "fa",
"name": "Cities in Syria",
"orig": "fa:Cities in Syria",
"parents": [
"Cities",
"Places"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "fa",
"name": "Damascus",
"orig": "fa:Damascus",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "fa",
"name": "Former capitals",
"orig": "fa:Former capitals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "fa",
"name": "National capitals",
"orig": "fa:National capitals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "fa",
"name": "Places in Syria",
"orig": "fa:Places in Syria",
"parents": [
"Places"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Damascus (the capital city of Syria; an ancient settlement, the ancient capital of various polities, most notably the Umayyad Caliphate from 661 to 744 CE and Aram-Damascus, existing from the 12th to 8th centuries BCE)"
],
"id": "en-شام-fa-name-xhBIyjej",
"links": [
[
"Damascus",
"Damascus#English:_Q3766"
],
[
"capital city",
"capital city"
],
[
"Syria",
"Syria#English"
],
[
"capital",
"capital"
],
[
"Umayyad Caliphate",
"w:Umayyad Caliphate"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "دمشق"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ʃɑːm]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Persian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʃɑːm]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʃɑːm]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʃɑːm]",
"tags": [
"Kabuli"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʃɔːm]",
"note": "Hazaragi"
},
{
"ipa": "[ʃɒːm]",
"tags": [
"Iran",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʃɔm]",
"tags": [
"Tajik",
"formal"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"fa:شام"
],
"word": "شام"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Persian entries referencing etymons with invalid IDs",
"Persian entries with etymology texts",
"Persian entries with incorrect language header",
"Persian lemmas",
"Persian nouns",
"Persian proper nouns",
"Persian terms borrowed from Arabic",
"Persian terms derived from Arabic",
"Persian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Persian terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"Persian terms derived from Proto-Iranian",
"Persian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Persian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"Persian terms inherited from Proto-Iranian",
"Persian terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "az",
"2": "şam",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Azerbaijani: şam",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Azerbaijani: şam"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gu",
"2": "شام",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "shām"
},
"expansion": "→ Gujarati: شام (shām)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Gujarati: شام (shām)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-hnd",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Hindustani:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Hindustani:"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "शाम"
},
"expansion": "Hindi: शाम (śām)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hindi: शाम (śām)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ur",
"2": "شام",
"tr": "śām"
},
"expansion": "Urdu: شام (śām)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Urdu: شام (śām)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "klj",
"2": "şâm",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Khalaj: şâm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Khalaj: şâm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ota",
"2": "شام",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "şâm"
},
"expansion": "→ Ottoman Turkish: شام (şâm)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ottoman Turkish: شام (şâm)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "şam"
},
"expansion": "Turkish: şam",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Turkish: şam"
}
],
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"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "inh",
"3": "ira-pro>*xšáfnyah>evening",
"id": "dinner",
"text": "++"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Iranian *xšáfnyah.",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Iranian *xšáfnyah.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "šâm",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"f1tr": "",
"f2tr": "",
"f3tr": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"tr": "šâm",
"tr2": "",
"tr3": ""
},
"expansion": "شام • (šâm)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"tr": "šâm"
},
"expansion": "شام • (šâm)",
"name": "fa-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"roman": "šab",
"word": "شب"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Persian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
20,
26
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
8,
11
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
45,
48
],
[
81,
87
]
],
"english": "What do we have for dinner?",
"raw_tags": [
"more literary"
],
"roman": "barâ-ye šâm či dârim?",
"text": "برای شام چی داریم؟",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
20,
26
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
0,
3
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
34,
37
],
[
70,
76
]
],
"english": "What do we have for dinner?",
"raw_tags": [
"more colloquial"
],
"roman": "šâm či dârim?",
"text": "شام چی داریم؟",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dinner, supper (evening meal)"
],
"links": [
[
"dinner",
"dinner"
],
[
"supper",
"supper"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Persian terms with archaic senses"
],
"glosses": [
"dusk"
],
"links": [
[
"dusk",
"dusk"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) dusk"
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Persian terms with archaic senses"
],
"glosses": [
"evening"
],
"links": [
[
"evening",
"evening"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) evening"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "عصر"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ʃɑːm]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Persian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʃɑːm]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʃɑːm]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʃɑːm]",
"tags": [
"Kabuli"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʃɔːm]",
"note": "Hazaragi"
},
{
"ipa": "[ʃɒːm]",
"tags": [
"Iran",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʃɔm]",
"tags": [
"Tajik",
"formal"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"fa:شام"
],
"word": "شام"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Persian entries referencing etymons with invalid IDs",
"Persian entries with etymology texts",
"Persian entries with incorrect language header",
"Persian lemmas",
"Persian proper nouns",
"Persian terms borrowed from Arabic",
"Persian terms derived from Arabic",
"Persian terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ur",
"2": "شام",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "śām"
},
"expansion": "→ Urdu: شام (śām)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Urdu: شام (śām)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "bor",
"3": "ar>شَام>Damascus",
"id": "Damascus",
"text": "+"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Arabic شَام (šām).",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Arabic شَام (šām).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "šâm",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "proper noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"id": "",
"tr": "šâm",
"tr2": "",
"tr3": "",
"tr4": ""
},
"expansion": "شام • (šâm)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"tr": "šâm"
},
"expansion": "شام • (šâm)",
"name": "fa-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Persian terms with quotations",
"fa:Geographic and cultural areas of Asia"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
56,
61
]
],
"english": "This sign and this information lies in the direction of Syria: you will see it as you pass on the way to Jerusalem.",
"ref": "c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume III, verse 89:",
"roman": "suy-e šâm-ast in nešân o in xabar / dar rah-e qods-aš be-bini dar gozar",
"text": "سوی شامست این نشان و این خبر / در ره قدسش ببینی در گذر",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Levant (a cultural region of Western Asia consisting of the eastern Mediterranean countries, i.e. Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Palestine, Jordan and Cyprus)"
],
"links": [
[
"Levant",
"Levant#English:_Q81483"
],
[
"Western Asia",
"Western Asia#English"
],
[
"Mediterranean",
"Mediterranean"
],
[
"Syria",
"Syria"
],
[
"Lebanon",
"Lebanon"
],
[
"Israel",
"Israel"
],
[
"Palestine",
"Palestine"
],
[
"Jordan",
"Jordan"
],
[
"Cyprus",
"Cyprus"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English links with redundant alt parameters",
"English links with redundant wikilinks",
"fa:Ancient Near East",
"fa:Ancient settlements",
"fa:Cities in Syria",
"fa:Damascus",
"fa:Former capitals",
"fa:National capitals",
"fa:Places in Syria"
],
"glosses": [
"Damascus (the capital city of Syria; an ancient settlement, the ancient capital of various polities, most notably the Umayyad Caliphate from 661 to 744 CE and Aram-Damascus, existing from the 12th to 8th centuries BCE)"
],
"links": [
[
"Damascus",
"Damascus#English:_Q3766"
],
[
"capital city",
"capital city"
],
[
"Syria",
"Syria#English"
],
[
"capital",
"capital"
],
[
"Umayyad Caliphate",
"w:Umayyad Caliphate"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "دمشق"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ʃɑːm]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Persian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʃɑːm]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʃɑːm]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʃɑːm]",
"tags": [
"Kabuli"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʃɔːm]",
"note": "Hazaragi"
},
{
"ipa": "[ʃɒːm]",
"tags": [
"Iran",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ʃɔm]",
"tags": [
"Tajik",
"formal"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"fa:شام"
],
"word": "شام"
}
Download raw JSONL data for شام meaning in Persian (7.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Persian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-05-29 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-20 using wiktextract (e937b02 and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.