"karuṇā" meaning in Pali

See karuṇā in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

Etymology: Inherited from Sanskrit करुणा (karuṇā). Cognate with Prakrit 𑀓𑀭𑀼𑀡𑀸 (karuṇā), 𑀓𑀮𑀼𑀡𑀸 (kaluṇā), Gandhari 𐨐𐨪𐨂𐨣 (karuna). Etymology templates: {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|pi|sa|करुणा|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Sanskrit करुणा (karuṇā), {{inh+|pi|sa|करुणा}} Inherited from Sanskrit करुणा (karuṇā), {{cog|pra|𑀓𑀭𑀼𑀡𑀸}} Prakrit 𑀓𑀭𑀼𑀡𑀸 (karuṇā), {{cog|pgd|𐨐𐨪𐨂𐨣}} Gandhari 𐨐𐨪𐨂𐨣 (karuna) Head templates: {{pi-noun|f}} karuṇā f Inflection templates: {{pi-decl-noun|g=f}} Forms: feminine [table-tags], karuṇā [nominative, singular], karuṇāyo [nominative, plural], karuṇā [nominative, plural], karuṇaṃ [accusative, singular], karuṇāyo [accusative, plural], karuṇā [accusative, plural], karuṇāya [instrumental, singular], karuṇāhi [instrumental, plural], karuṇābhi [instrumental, plural], karuṇāya [dative, singular], karuṇānaṃ [dative, plural], karuṇāya [ablative, singular], karuṇāhi [ablative, plural], karuṇābhi [ablative, plural], karuṇāya [genitive, singular], karuṇānaṃ [genitive, plural], karuṇāya [locative, singular], karuṇāyaṃ [locative, singular], karuṇāsu [locative, plural], karuṇe [singular, vocative], karuṇāyo [plural, vocative], karuṇā [plural, vocative]
  1. pity, compassion Tags: feminine Categories (topical): Emotions
    Sense id: en-karuṇā-pi-noun-mtqM5-QT Categories (other): Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries, Pali entries with incorrect language header Synonyms: 𑀓𑀭𑀼𑀡𑀸 [Brahmi, character], करुणा [Devanagari, character], করুণা [Bengali], කරුණා [Sinhalese, character], ကရုဏာ, ၵရုꧣႃ [Burmese, character], กรุณา, กะรุณา [Thai, character], ᨠᩁᩩᨱᩣ [Tai-Tham, character], ກຣຸຓາ, ກະຣຸຓາ [Lao, character], ករុណា [Khmer, character], 𑄇𑄢𑄪𑄕𑄂 [Chakma, character]

Inflected forms

{
  "etymology_templates": [
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      "args": {
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      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
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        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit करुणा (karuṇā)",
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        "3": "करुणा"
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      "args": {
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        "2": "𑀓𑀭𑀼𑀡𑀸"
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      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pgd",
        "2": "𐨐𐨪𐨂𐨣"
      },
      "expansion": "Gandhari 𐨐𐨪𐨂𐨣 (karuna)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Sanskrit करुणा (karuṇā). Cognate with Prakrit 𑀓𑀭𑀼𑀡𑀸 (karuṇā), 𑀓𑀮𑀼𑀡𑀸 (kaluṇā), Gandhari 𐨐𐨪𐨂𐨣 (karuna).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "feminine",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
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      "form": "pi-decl-noun",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "karuṇā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "karuṇāyo",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "karuṇā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "karuṇaṃ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "karuṇāyo",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "karuṇā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "karuṇāya",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "karuṇāhi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "karuṇābhi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "karuṇāya",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
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      "form": "karuṇānaṃ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "karuṇāya",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "karuṇāhi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "karuṇābhi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "karuṇāya",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "karuṇānaṃ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "karuṇāya",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "karuṇāyaṃ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "karuṇāsu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "karuṇe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "karuṇāyo",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "karuṇā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f"
      },
      "expansion": "karuṇā f",
      "name": "pi-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "g": "f"
      },
      "name": "pi-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Pali",
  "lang_code": "pi",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pali entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "pi",
          "name": "Emotions",
          "orig": "pi:Emotions",
          "parents": [
            "Mind",
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "pity, compassion"
      ],
      "id": "en-karuṇā-pi-noun-mtqM5-QT",
      "links": [
        [
          "pity",
          "pity"
        ],
        [
          "compassion",
          "compassion"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "Brahmi",
            "character"
          ],
          "word": "𑀓𑀭𑀼𑀡𑀸"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Devanagari",
            "character"
          ],
          "word": "करुणा"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Bengali"
          ],
          "word": "করুণা"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Sinhalese",
            "character"
          ],
          "word": "කරුණා"
        },
        {
          "word": "ကရုဏာ"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Burmese",
            "character"
          ],
          "word": "ၵရုꧣႃ"
        },
        {
          "word": "กรุณา"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Thai",
            "character"
          ],
          "word": "กะรุณา"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Tai-Tham",
            "character"
          ],
          "word": "ᨠᩁᩩᨱᩣ"
        },
        {
          "word": "ກຣຸຓາ"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Lao",
            "character"
          ],
          "word": "ກະຣຸຓາ"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Khmer",
            "character"
          ],
          "word": "ករុណា"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Chakma",
            "character"
          ],
          "word": "𑄇𑄢𑄪𑄕𑄂"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "karuṇā"
}
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      },
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  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Sanskrit करुणा (karuṇā). Cognate with Prakrit 𑀓𑀭𑀼𑀡𑀸 (karuṇā), 𑀓𑀮𑀼𑀡𑀸 (kaluṇā), Gandhari 𐨐𐨪𐨂𐨣 (karuna).",
  "forms": [
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      "form": "feminine",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
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    {
      "form": "pi-decl-noun",
      "source": "declension",
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    },
    {
      "form": "karuṇā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
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    {
      "form": "karuṇāyo",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
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      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "karuṇaṃ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "karuṇāyo",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "karuṇā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "karuṇāya",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "karuṇāhi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "karuṇābhi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "karuṇāya",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "karuṇānaṃ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "karuṇāya",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "karuṇāhi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "karuṇābhi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "karuṇāya",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "karuṇānaṃ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "karuṇāya",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "karuṇāyaṃ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "karuṇāsu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "karuṇe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "karuṇāyo",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "karuṇā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
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        "1": "f"
      },
      "expansion": "karuṇā f",
      "name": "pi-noun"
    }
  ],
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    {
      "args": {
        "g": "f"
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  "lang": "Pali",
  "lang_code": "pi",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 2 entries",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Pali entries with incorrect language header",
        "Pali feminine nouns",
        "Pali lemmas",
        "Pali nouns",
        "Pali nouns in Latin script",
        "Pali terms derived from Sanskrit",
        "Pali terms inherited from Sanskrit",
        "pi:Emotions"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "pity, compassion"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "pity",
          "pity"
        ],
        [
          "compassion",
          "compassion"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Brahmi",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "𑀓𑀭𑀼𑀡𑀸"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Devanagari",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "करुणा"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Bengali"
      ],
      "word": "করুণা"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Sinhalese",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "කරුණා"
    },
    {
      "word": "ကရုဏာ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Burmese",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "ၵရုꧣႃ"
    },
    {
      "word": "กรุณา"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Thai",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "กะรุณา"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Tai-Tham",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "ᨠᩁᩩᨱᩣ"
    },
    {
      "word": "ກຣຸຓາ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Lao",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "ກະຣຸຓາ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Khmer",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "ករុណា"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Chakma",
        "character"
      ],
      "word": "𑄇𑄢𑄪𑄕𑄂"
    }
  ],
  "word": "karuṇā"
}

Download raw JSONL data for karuṇā meaning in Pali (4.2kB)

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{
  "called_from": "inflection/2466",
  "msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Pali]; cleaned text: Locative (seventh)",
  "path": [
    "karuṇā"
  ],
  "section": "Pali",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "karuṇā",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/2466",
  "msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Pali]; cleaned text: Vocative (calling)",
  "path": [
    "karuṇā"
  ],
  "section": "Pali",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "karuṇā",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Pali dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (05fdf6b and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.