See 𐰼 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for 𐰼 meaning in Old Turkic (12.2kB)
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "derived terms",
"2": "Derived"
},
"expansion": "Derived",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "otk",
"2": "grc",
"3": "Ρ",
"4": "",
"5": "rho",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek Ρ (R, “rho”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "otk",
"2": "grc",
"3": "Ρ",
"t": "rho"
},
"expansion": "Derived from Ancient Greek Ρ (R, “rho”)",
"name": "der+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Derived from Ancient Greek Ρ (R, “rho”) through intermediaries.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "r²",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "otk",
"2": "letter"
},
"expansion": "𐰼 (r²)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Turkic",
"lang_code": "otk",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 77 0 0 21 2 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Turkic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 77 0 0 20 2 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Turkic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A letter of the Old Turkic runic script, representing /r/, used with front vowels."
],
"id": "en-𐰼-otk-character-sVZJE5ZB",
"links": [
[
"Old Turkic",
"Old Turkic"
]
],
"tags": [
"letter"
]
}
],
"word": "𐰼"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "otk",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*er-",
"4": "",
"5": "to be",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *er- (“to be”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "otk",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*er-",
"t": "to be"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Turkic *er- (“to be”)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "imek",
"t": "to be"
},
"expansion": "Turkish imek (“to be”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uz",
"2": "emoq"
},
"expansion": "Uzbek emoq",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sah",
"2": "эр",
"t": "to be"
},
"expansion": "Yakut эр (er, “to be”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Turkic *er- (“to be”). Cognate with Turkish imek (“to be”), Uzbek emoq, Yakut эр (er, “to be”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "er-",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "otk",
"2": "verb",
"tr": "er-"
},
"expansion": "𐰼 (er-)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Turkic",
"lang_code": "otk",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"derived": [
{
"english": "possibly, certainly",
"roman": "erinč",
"word": "𐰼𐰨"
},
{
"roman": "erti",
"word": "𐰼𐱅𐰃"
},
{
"roman": "ermiš",
"word": "𐰼𐰢𐰾"
},
{
"english": "if",
"roman": "erser",
"word": "𐰼𐰾𐰼"
},
{
"english": "while",
"roman": "erkli",
"word": "𐰼𐰚𐰠𐰃"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Apparently he was a happy lord.",
"ref": "9th century CE, Irk Bitig, Omen 5",
"roman": "meŋilig:beg:er:ermiš",
"text": "𐰢𐰭𐰃𐰠𐰃𐰏:𐰋𐰏:𐰼:𐰼𐰢𐰃𐰾",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to be (something, somewhere)"
],
"id": "en-𐰼-otk-verb-lb2nEACA",
"links": [
[
"be",
"be"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) to be (something, somewhere)"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"word": "𐰼"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "otk",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*ēr",
"4": "",
"5": "man",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *ēr (“man”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "otk",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*ēr",
"t": "man"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ēr (“man”)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cv",
"2": "ар"
},
"expansion": "Chuvash ар (ar)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "klj",
"2": "hər"
},
"expansion": "Khalaj hər",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "er"
},
"expansion": "Turkish er",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uz",
"2": "er"
},
"expansion": "Uzbek er",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ba",
"2": "ир"
},
"expansion": "Bashkir ир (ir)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kjh",
"2": "ир"
},
"expansion": "Khakas ир (ir)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mn",
"2": "эр"
},
"expansion": "Mongolian эр (er)",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ēr (“man”). Cognate with Chuvash ар (ar), Khalaj hər, Turkish er, Uzbek er, Bashkir ир (ir), Khakas ир (ir). Compare also Mongolian эр (er).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "er",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "otk",
"2": "noun",
"tr": "er"
},
"expansion": "𐰼 (er)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Turkic",
"lang_code": "otk",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 32 46 0 23 0 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "otk",
"name": "People",
"orig": "otk:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "A man went hunting.",
"ref": "9th century CE, Irk Bitig, Omen 12",
"roman": "er:abqa:barmïš",
"text": "𐰼:𐰉𐰴𐰀:𐰉𐰺𐰢𐰃𐰾",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"man, human male"
],
"id": "en-𐰼-otk-noun-fKjXFYRG",
"links": [
[
"man",
"man"
],
[
"human",
"human"
],
[
"male",
"male"
]
]
}
],
"word": "𐰼"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "otk",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*ēr",
"4": "",
"5": "man",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *ēr (“man”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "otk",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*ēr",
"t": "man"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ēr (“man”)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cv",
"2": "ар"
},
"expansion": "Chuvash ар (ar)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "klj",
"2": "hər"
},
"expansion": "Khalaj hər",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "er"
},
"expansion": "Turkish er",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uz",
"2": "er"
},
"expansion": "Uzbek er",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ba",
"2": "ир"
},
"expansion": "Bashkir ир (ir)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kjh",
"2": "ир"
},
"expansion": "Khakas ир (ir)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mn",
"2": "эр"
},
"expansion": "Mongolian эр (er)",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ēr (“man”). Cognate with Chuvash ар (ar), Khalaj hər, Turkish er, Uzbek er, Bashkir ир (ir), Khakas ир (ir). Compare also Mongolian эр (er).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "er",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "otk",
"2": "adjective",
"tr": "er"
},
"expansion": "𐰼 (er)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Turkic",
"lang_code": "otk",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "48 13 29 0 8 1 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "otk",
"name": "Male",
"orig": "otk:Male",
"parents": [
"Gender",
"Biology",
"Psychology",
"Sociology",
"Sciences",
"Social sciences",
"All topics",
"Society",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 11 35 0 7 1 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "otk",
"name": "Male people",
"orig": "otk:Male people",
"parents": [
"Male",
"People",
"Gender",
"Human",
"Biology",
"Psychology",
"Sociology",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Social sciences",
"Fundamental",
"Society"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "courage, brave",
"roman": "erdem",
"word": "𐰼𐰓𐰢"
},
{
"english": "men",
"roman": "eren",
"word": "𐰼𐰤"
}
],
"glosses": [
"male"
],
"id": "en-𐰼-otk-adj-DSSOgsYs",
"links": [
[
"male",
"male"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "𐰼"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
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{
"args": {
"1": "otk",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*ẹ̄r-",
"4": "",
"5": "to reach",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *ẹ̄r- (“to reach”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "otk",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*ẹ̄r-",
"t": "to reach"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ẹ̄r- (“to reach”)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "ermek"
},
"expansion": "Turkish ermek",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "ér",
"t": "to reach"
},
"expansion": "Hungarian ér (“to reach”)",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ẹ̄r- (“to reach”). Cognate with Turkish ermek. Compare also Hungarian ér (“to reach”)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "er-",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "otk",
"2": "noun",
"tr": "er-"
},
"expansion": "𐰼 (er-)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Turkic",
"lang_code": "otk",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"derived": [
{
"english": "reachable",
"roman": "erig",
"word": "𐰼𐰏"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to reach"
],
"id": "en-𐰼-otk-noun-A2HIx~em",
"links": [
[
"reach",
"reach"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) to reach"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"word": "𐰼"
}
{
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
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{
"args": {
"1": "otk",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*-ür",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *-ür",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "otk",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*-ür"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Turkic *-ür",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "-er"
},
"expansion": "Turkish -er",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Turkic *-ür. Cognate with Turkish -er.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-er",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "-ir",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "-r",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "otk",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes",
"cat3": "adjective-forming suffixes",
"cat4": "noun-forming suffixes",
"tr": "-er, -ir, -r"
},
"expansion": "𐰼 (-er, -ir, -r)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Turkic",
"lang_code": "otk",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "experienced past tense",
"roman": "-di",
"word": "𐰓𐰃"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "heard past tense",
"roman": "-miš",
"word": "𐰢𐱁"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "future tense",
"roman": "-deči",
"word": "𐰓𐰀𐰲𐰃"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "necessitive-future tense",
"roman": "-sik",
"word": "𐰾𐰚"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "optative-future tense",
"roman": "-gey",
"word": "𐰏𐰘"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "negative aorist tense",
"roman": "-mez",
"word": "𐰢𐰔"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "negative future tense",
"roman": "-meči",
"word": "𐰢𐰲𐰃"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Turkic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "𐱅𐰔 (tez-, “to flee”) + 𐰼 (r²) → 𐱅𐰔𐰼 (tezer, “he/she/it flees”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms simple present tense and aorist tense"
],
"id": "en-𐰼-otk-suffix-lMYiSy~m",
"links": [
[
"present tense",
"present tense"
],
[
"aorist tense",
"aorist tense"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Turkic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "𐰚𐰇𐰼 (kör-, “to see”) + 𐰼 (r²) → 𐰚𐰇𐰼𐰇𐰼 (körür, “seeing”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms adjectives or nouns out of verbs"
],
"id": "en-𐰼-otk-suffix-zIy5k5Qm",
"links": [
[
"adjective",
"adjective"
],
[
"noun",
"noun"
],
[
"verb",
"verb"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "-ar, -ïr, -r",
"word": "𐰺"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "-ür",
"word": "𐰇𐰼"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "-ur",
"word": "𐰆𐰺"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "-yür",
"word": "𐰘𐰇𐰼"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "-yur",
"word": "𐰖𐰆𐰺"
}
],
"word": "𐰼"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Turkic adjective-forming suffixes",
"Old Turkic entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Turkic inflectional suffixes",
"Old Turkic lemmas",
"Old Turkic letters",
"Old Turkic noun-forming suffixes",
"Old Turkic suffixes",
"Old Turkic terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Old Turkic terms derived from Proto-Turkic",
"Old Turkic terms inherited from Proto-Turkic",
"Old Turkic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"otk:Male",
"otk:Male people",
"otk:People"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "derived terms",
"2": "Derived"
},
"expansion": "Derived",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "otk",
"2": "grc",
"3": "Ρ",
"4": "",
"5": "rho",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek Ρ (R, “rho”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "otk",
"2": "grc",
"3": "Ρ",
"t": "rho"
},
"expansion": "Derived from Ancient Greek Ρ (R, “rho”)",
"name": "der+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Derived from Ancient Greek Ρ (R, “rho”) through intermediaries.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "r²",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "otk",
"2": "letter"
},
"expansion": "𐰼 (r²)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Turkic",
"lang_code": "otk",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A letter of the Old Turkic runic script, representing /r/, used with front vowels."
],
"links": [
[
"Old Turkic",
"Old Turkic"
]
],
"tags": [
"letter"
]
}
],
"word": "𐰼"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Turkic adjective-forming suffixes",
"Old Turkic entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Turkic inflectional suffixes",
"Old Turkic lemmas",
"Old Turkic noun-forming suffixes",
"Old Turkic suffixes",
"Old Turkic terms derived from Proto-Turkic",
"Old Turkic terms inherited from Proto-Turkic",
"Old Turkic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Old Turkic verbs",
"otk:Male",
"otk:Male people",
"otk:People"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "possibly, certainly",
"roman": "erinč",
"word": "𐰼𐰨"
},
{
"roman": "erti",
"word": "𐰼𐱅𐰃"
},
{
"roman": "ermiš",
"word": "𐰼𐰢𐰾"
},
{
"english": "if",
"roman": "erser",
"word": "𐰼𐰾𐰼"
},
{
"english": "while",
"roman": "erkli",
"word": "𐰼𐰚𐰠𐰃"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "otk",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*er-",
"4": "",
"5": "to be",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *er- (“to be”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "otk",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*er-",
"t": "to be"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Turkic *er- (“to be”)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "imek",
"t": "to be"
},
"expansion": "Turkish imek (“to be”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uz",
"2": "emoq"
},
"expansion": "Uzbek emoq",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sah",
"2": "эр",
"t": "to be"
},
"expansion": "Yakut эр (er, “to be”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Turkic *er- (“to be”). Cognate with Turkish imek (“to be”), Uzbek emoq, Yakut эр (er, “to be”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "er-",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "otk",
"2": "verb",
"tr": "er-"
},
"expansion": "𐰼 (er-)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Turkic",
"lang_code": "otk",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old Turkic intransitive verbs",
"Old Turkic terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Apparently he was a happy lord.",
"ref": "9th century CE, Irk Bitig, Omen 5",
"roman": "meŋilig:beg:er:ermiš",
"text": "𐰢𐰭𐰃𐰠𐰃𐰏:𐰋𐰏:𐰼:𐰼𐰢𐰃𐰾",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to be (something, somewhere)"
],
"links": [
[
"be",
"be"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) to be (something, somewhere)"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"word": "𐰼"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Turkic adjective-forming suffixes",
"Old Turkic adjectives",
"Old Turkic entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Turkic inflectional suffixes",
"Old Turkic lemmas",
"Old Turkic noun-forming suffixes",
"Old Turkic nouns",
"Old Turkic suffixes",
"Old Turkic terms derived from Proto-Turkic",
"Old Turkic terms inherited from Proto-Turkic",
"Old Turkic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"otk:Male",
"otk:Male people",
"otk:People"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "otk",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*ēr",
"4": "",
"5": "man",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *ēr (“man”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "otk",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*ēr",
"t": "man"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ēr (“man”)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cv",
"2": "ар"
},
"expansion": "Chuvash ар (ar)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "klj",
"2": "hər"
},
"expansion": "Khalaj hər",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "er"
},
"expansion": "Turkish er",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uz",
"2": "er"
},
"expansion": "Uzbek er",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ba",
"2": "ир"
},
"expansion": "Bashkir ир (ir)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kjh",
"2": "ир"
},
"expansion": "Khakas ир (ir)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mn",
"2": "эр"
},
"expansion": "Mongolian эр (er)",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ēr (“man”). Cognate with Chuvash ар (ar), Khalaj hər, Turkish er, Uzbek er, Bashkir ир (ir), Khakas ир (ir). Compare also Mongolian эр (er).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "er",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "otk",
"2": "noun",
"tr": "er"
},
"expansion": "𐰼 (er)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Turkic",
"lang_code": "otk",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old Turkic terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "A man went hunting.",
"ref": "9th century CE, Irk Bitig, Omen 12",
"roman": "er:abqa:barmïš",
"text": "𐰼:𐰉𐰴𐰀:𐰉𐰺𐰢𐰃𐰾",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"man, human male"
],
"links": [
[
"man",
"man"
],
[
"human",
"human"
],
[
"male",
"male"
]
]
}
],
"word": "𐰼"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Turkic adjective-forming suffixes",
"Old Turkic adjectives",
"Old Turkic entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Turkic inflectional suffixes",
"Old Turkic lemmas",
"Old Turkic noun-forming suffixes",
"Old Turkic nouns",
"Old Turkic suffixes",
"Old Turkic terms derived from Proto-Turkic",
"Old Turkic terms inherited from Proto-Turkic",
"Old Turkic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"otk:Male",
"otk:Male people",
"otk:People"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "courage, brave",
"roman": "erdem",
"word": "𐰼𐰓𐰢"
},
{
"english": "men",
"roman": "eren",
"word": "𐰼𐰤"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "otk",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*ēr",
"4": "",
"5": "man",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *ēr (“man”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "otk",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*ēr",
"t": "man"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ēr (“man”)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cv",
"2": "ар"
},
"expansion": "Chuvash ар (ar)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "klj",
"2": "hər"
},
"expansion": "Khalaj hər",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "er"
},
"expansion": "Turkish er",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uz",
"2": "er"
},
"expansion": "Uzbek er",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ba",
"2": "ир"
},
"expansion": "Bashkir ир (ir)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kjh",
"2": "ир"
},
"expansion": "Khakas ир (ir)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mn",
"2": "эр"
},
"expansion": "Mongolian эр (er)",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ēr (“man”). Cognate with Chuvash ар (ar), Khalaj hər, Turkish er, Uzbek er, Bashkir ир (ir), Khakas ир (ir). Compare also Mongolian эр (er).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "er",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "otk",
"2": "adjective",
"tr": "er"
},
"expansion": "𐰼 (er)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Turkic",
"lang_code": "otk",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"male"
],
"links": [
[
"male",
"male"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "𐰼"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Turkic adjective-forming suffixes",
"Old Turkic entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Turkic inflectional suffixes",
"Old Turkic lemmas",
"Old Turkic noun-forming suffixes",
"Old Turkic nouns",
"Old Turkic suffixes",
"Old Turkic terms derived from Proto-Turkic",
"Old Turkic terms inherited from Proto-Turkic",
"Old Turkic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"otk:Male",
"otk:Male people",
"otk:People"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "reachable",
"roman": "erig",
"word": "𐰼𐰏"
}
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "otk",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*ẹ̄r-",
"4": "",
"5": "to reach",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *ẹ̄r- (“to reach”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "otk",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*ẹ̄r-",
"t": "to reach"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ẹ̄r- (“to reach”)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "ermek"
},
"expansion": "Turkish ermek",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "ér",
"t": "to reach"
},
"expansion": "Hungarian ér (“to reach”)",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ẹ̄r- (“to reach”). Cognate with Turkish ermek. Compare also Hungarian ér (“to reach”)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "er-",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "otk",
"2": "noun",
"tr": "er-"
},
"expansion": "𐰼 (er-)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Turkic",
"lang_code": "otk",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old Turkic intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to reach"
],
"links": [
[
"reach",
"reach"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) to reach"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"word": "𐰼"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Turkic adjective-forming suffixes",
"Old Turkic entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Turkic inflectional suffixes",
"Old Turkic lemmas",
"Old Turkic noun-forming suffixes",
"Old Turkic suffixes",
"Old Turkic terms derived from Proto-Turkic",
"Old Turkic terms inherited from Proto-Turkic",
"Old Turkic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"otk:Male",
"otk:Male people",
"otk:People"
],
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "otk",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*-ür",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *-ür",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "otk",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*-ür"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Turkic *-ür",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "-er"
},
"expansion": "Turkish -er",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Turkic *-ür. Cognate with Turkish -er.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-er",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "-ir",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "-r",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "otk",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes",
"cat3": "adjective-forming suffixes",
"cat4": "noun-forming suffixes",
"tr": "-er, -ir, -r"
},
"expansion": "𐰼 (-er, -ir, -r)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Turkic",
"lang_code": "otk",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"english": "experienced past tense",
"roman": "-di",
"word": "𐰓𐰃"
},
{
"english": "heard past tense",
"roman": "-miš",
"word": "𐰢𐱁"
},
{
"english": "future tense",
"roman": "-deči",
"word": "𐰓𐰀𐰲𐰃"
},
{
"english": "necessitive-future tense",
"roman": "-sik",
"word": "𐰾𐰚"
},
{
"english": "optative-future tense",
"roman": "-gey",
"word": "𐰏𐰘"
},
{
"english": "negative aorist tense",
"roman": "-mez",
"word": "𐰢𐰔"
},
{
"english": "negative future tense",
"roman": "-meči",
"word": "𐰢𐰲𐰃"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old Turkic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "𐱅𐰔 (tez-, “to flee”) + 𐰼 (r²) → 𐱅𐰔𐰼 (tezer, “he/she/it flees”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms simple present tense and aorist tense"
],
"links": [
[
"present tense",
"present tense"
],
[
"aorist tense",
"aorist tense"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old Turkic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "𐰚𐰇𐰼 (kör-, “to see”) + 𐰼 (r²) → 𐰚𐰇𐰼𐰇𐰼 (körür, “seeing”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms adjectives or nouns out of verbs"
],
"links": [
[
"adjective",
"adjective"
],
[
"noun",
"noun"
],
[
"verb",
"verb"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "-ar, -ïr, -r",
"word": "𐰺"
},
{
"roman": "-ür",
"word": "𐰇𐰼"
},
{
"roman": "-ur",
"word": "𐰆𐰺"
},
{
"roman": "-yür",
"word": "𐰘𐰇𐰼"
},
{
"roman": "-yur",
"word": "𐰖𐰆𐰺"
}
],
"word": "𐰼"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old Turkic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.