"kto" meaning in Old Polish

See kto in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Pronoun

IPA: /ktɔ/ (note: 10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE), /ktɔ/ (note: 15ᵗʰ CE) Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], kto [nominative, singular], kogo [genitive, singular], komu [dative, singular], kogo [accusative, singular], kim [instrumental, singular], kim [locative, singular]
Etymology: Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kъto. First attested in the 14th century. Etymology templates: {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|zlw-opl|sla-pro|*kъto|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Proto-Slavic *kъto, {{inh+|zlw-opl|sla-pro|*kъto}} Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kъto, {{etydate/the|14th century}} the 14th century, {{etydate|14th century}} First attested in the 14th century Head templates: {{head|zlw-opl|pronoun|g=m}} kto m Inflection templates: {{zlw-opl-decl-kto}}
  1. (interrogative, attested in Lesser Poland) who Tags: interrogative, masculine
    Sense id: en-kto-zlw-opl-pron-btAzcUC9 Categories (other): Lesser Poland Old Polish, Old Polish quotations with omitted translation
  2. (indefinite, attested in Greater Poland) someone; anyone Tags: indefinite, masculine
    Sense id: en-kto-zlw-opl-pron-YzBzc0eK Categories (other): Greater Poland Old Polish, Old Polish quotations with omitted translation
  3. (in a negated clause, attested in Greater Poland, Lesser Poland) no one, nobody Tags: masculine
    Sense id: en-kto-zlw-opl-pron-xCK8GK8O Categories (other): Greater Poland Old Polish, Lesser Poland Old Polish, Old Polish quotations with omitted translation
  4. (relative, somewhat indefinite, attested in Lesser Poland, Sieradz-Łęczyca, Greater Poland) who; someone Tags: indefinite, masculine, relative
    Sense id: en-kto-zlw-opl-pron-RGxwMJLI Categories (other): Greater Poland Old Polish, Lesser Poland Old Polish, Old Polish quotations with omitted translation, Sieradz-Łęczyca Old Polish, Pages with 7 entries, Pages with entries, Old Polish entries with incorrect language header, Old Polish pronouns Disambiguation of Pages with 7 entries: 15 15 0 10 4 6 34 7 0 4 4 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 12 12 0 8 3 5 47 6 0 3 3 Disambiguation of Old Polish entries with incorrect language header: 17 9 13 50 12 Disambiguation of Old Polish pronouns: 14 7 16 52 11
  5. (relative, adjectival, Masovia) who, which, what Tags: adjectival, masculine, relative
    Sense id: en-kto-zlw-opl-pron-bsPZJzCO Categories (other): Masovia Old Polish, Old Polish quotations with omitted translation
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: chto

Alternative forms

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pl",
            "2": "kto",
            "alts": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Polish: kto, chto (Middle Polish, Kuyavia), tko (Kuyavia)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Polish: kto, chto (Middle Polish, Kuyavia), tko (Kuyavia)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "szl",
            "2": "fto",
            "alts": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Silesian: fto, chto, kto, gdo",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Silesian: fto, chto, kto, gdo"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zlw-opl",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*kъto",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *kъto",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zlw-opl",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*kъto"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kъto",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "14th century"
      },
      "expansion": "the 14th century",
      "name": "etydate/the"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "14th century"
      },
      "expansion": "First attested in the 14th century",
      "name": "etydate"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kъto. First attested in the 14th century.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zlw-opl-decl-kto",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kto",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kogo",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "komu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kogo",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kim",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kim",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zlw-opl",
        "2": "pronoun",
        "g": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "kto m",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "zlw-opl-decl-kto"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Polish",
  "lang_code": "zlw-opl",
  "pos": "pron",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Lesser Poland Old Polish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
          "parents": [
            "Quotations with omitted translation",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
          "ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 11, 4:",
          "text": "Kto (quis) nasz gospodzin iest?",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
          "ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 38, 10:",
          "text": "Zkarbi, a ne we, komu zgromadzi ie",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "who"
      ],
      "id": "en-kto-zlw-opl-pron-btAzcUC9",
      "links": [
        [
          "who",
          "who"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(interrogative, attested in Lesser Poland) who"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "interrogative",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Greater Poland Old Polish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
          "parents": [
            "Quotations with omitted translation",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1959 [1395], Henryk Kowalewicz, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, editors, Wielkopolskie roty sądowe XIV-XV wieku, Roty poznańskie, volume I, number 187, Poznań:",
          "text": "Tedi wogewoda rzekl: Ya ne skaszuya, ale mne sza tako uidzi, bi kto mogl goscza sbicz lati, kto ne ma dzedziczstwa v szemi",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 125:",
          "text": "Począly ygracz kazdy svoye ygra, ktora szye komv vydzala",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "someone; anyone"
      ],
      "id": "en-kto-zlw-opl-pron-YzBzc0eK",
      "links": [
        [
          "indefinite",
          "indefinite"
        ],
        [
          "someone",
          "someone"
        ],
        [
          "anyone",
          "anyone"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "attested in Greater Poland",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(indefinite, attested in Greater Poland) someone; anyone"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Greater Poland Old Polish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Lesser Poland Old Polish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
          "parents": [
            "Quotations with omitted translation",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1959 [1398], Henryk Kowalewicz, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, editors, Wielkopolskie roty sądowe XIV-XV wieku, Roty poznańskie, volume I, number 360, Poznań:",
          "text": "Jako to *swathczo, esze... kmecz ne wczinil gwalthu... ani kogo ranil",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1895 [Fifteenth century], Franciszek Piekosiński, editor, Tłumaczenia polskie statutów ziemskich. Kodeks Działyńskich I, Lesser Poland, page 22:",
          "text": "Tedy Pyotr nye mayącz swiatkow rzekl, ysz swiathkowie są zmarly: Nye mam kym doswyatczycz",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "no one, nobody"
      ],
      "id": "en-kto-zlw-opl-pron-xCK8GK8O",
      "links": [
        [
          "no one",
          "no one"
        ],
        [
          "nobody",
          "nobody"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "attested in Greater Poland; Lesser Poland; attested in Greater Poland; Lesser Poland",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(in a negated clause, attested in Greater Poland, Lesser Poland) no one, nobody"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "in a negated clause"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Greater Poland Old Polish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Lesser Poland Old Polish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
          "parents": [
            "Quotations with omitted translation",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Sieradz-Łęczyca Old Polish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "15 15 0 10 4 6 34 7 0 4 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 7 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 12 0 8 3 5 47 6 0 3 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "17 9 13 50 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "14 7 16 52 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Polish pronouns",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
          "ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], page I Prol 13:",
          "text": "Kto (qui) miluie pene psalmowe vstawiczne, ne mosze grzecha strogicz",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1415, Przecław Słota, O zachowaniu się przy stole, Łęczyca, Poznań, line 66:",
          "text": "Kogo podle szebe ma, tego s rzeczø nagaba",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1415, Przecław Słota, O zachowaniu się przy stole, Łęczyca, Poznań, line 80:",
          "text": "Ktocz ge chcze szobe zachowacz, bødø gy wszytky milowacz",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "who; someone"
      ],
      "id": "en-kto-zlw-opl-pron-RGxwMJLI",
      "links": [
        [
          "indefinite",
          "indefinite"
        ],
        [
          "who",
          "who"
        ],
        [
          "someone",
          "someone"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland; Greater Poland; attested in Lesser Poland; Greater Poland",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(relative, somewhat indefinite, attested in Lesser Poland, Sieradz-Łęczyca, Greater Poland) who; someone"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "relative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Masovia Old Polish",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
          "parents": [
            "Quotations with omitted translation",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1895 [1448–1450], Mikołaj Suled, edited by Franciszek Piekosiński, Tłumaczenia polskie statutów ziemskich, Kodeks Świętosławów, Warka, page 7:",
          "text": "Konye gych podkomorzemv przerzeczonemv, pod kym bydlą, mayą bicz przidani dla vyni",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “Ex”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka), 14, 13:",
          "text": "Bo Egipskye, kto (quos) nynye wydzyczye, ondzye wyøczey gich nye uszrzyczye na wyeky",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "who, which, what"
      ],
      "id": "en-kto-zlw-opl-pron-bsPZJzCO",
      "links": [
        [
          "who",
          "who"
        ],
        [
          "which",
          "which"
        ],
        [
          "what",
          "what"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(relative, adjectival, Masovia) who, which, what"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "masculine",
        "relative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ktɔ/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ktɔ/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "chto"
    }
  ],
  "word": "kto"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old Polish lemmas",
    "Old Polish pronouns",
    "Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
    "Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
    "Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Pages with 7 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pl",
            "2": "kto",
            "alts": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Polish: kto, chto (Middle Polish, Kuyavia), tko (Kuyavia)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Polish: kto, chto (Middle Polish, Kuyavia), tko (Kuyavia)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "szl",
            "2": "fto",
            "alts": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Silesian: fto, chto, kto, gdo",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Silesian: fto, chto, kto, gdo"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zlw-opl",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*kъto",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *kъto",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zlw-opl",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*kъto"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kъto",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "14th century"
      },
      "expansion": "the 14th century",
      "name": "etydate/the"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "14th century"
      },
      "expansion": "First attested in the 14th century",
      "name": "etydate"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kъto. First attested in the 14th century.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zlw-opl-decl-kto",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kto",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kogo",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "komu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kogo",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kim",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kim",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zlw-opl",
        "2": "pronoun",
        "g": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "kto m",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "zlw-opl-decl-kto"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Polish",
  "lang_code": "zlw-opl",
  "pos": "pron",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Lesser Poland Old Polish",
        "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
        "Old Polish terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
          "ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 11, 4:",
          "text": "Kto (quis) nasz gospodzin iest?",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
          "ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 38, 10:",
          "text": "Zkarbi, a ne we, komu zgromadzi ie",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "who"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "who",
          "who"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(interrogative, attested in Lesser Poland) who"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "interrogative",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Greater Poland Old Polish",
        "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
        "Old Polish terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1959 [1395], Henryk Kowalewicz, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, editors, Wielkopolskie roty sądowe XIV-XV wieku, Roty poznańskie, volume I, number 187, Poznań:",
          "text": "Tedi wogewoda rzekl: Ya ne skaszuya, ale mne sza tako uidzi, bi kto mogl goscza sbicz lati, kto ne ma dzedziczstwa v szemi",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 125:",
          "text": "Począly ygracz kazdy svoye ygra, ktora szye komv vydzala",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "someone; anyone"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "indefinite",
          "indefinite"
        ],
        [
          "someone",
          "someone"
        ],
        [
          "anyone",
          "anyone"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "attested in Greater Poland",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(indefinite, attested in Greater Poland) someone; anyone"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Greater Poland Old Polish",
        "Lesser Poland Old Polish",
        "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
        "Old Polish terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1959 [1398], Henryk Kowalewicz, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, editors, Wielkopolskie roty sądowe XIV-XV wieku, Roty poznańskie, volume I, number 360, Poznań:",
          "text": "Jako to *swathczo, esze... kmecz ne wczinil gwalthu... ani kogo ranil",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1895 [Fifteenth century], Franciszek Piekosiński, editor, Tłumaczenia polskie statutów ziemskich. Kodeks Działyńskich I, Lesser Poland, page 22:",
          "text": "Tedy Pyotr nye mayącz swiatkow rzekl, ysz swiathkowie są zmarly: Nye mam kym doswyatczycz",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "no one, nobody"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "no one",
          "no one"
        ],
        [
          "nobody",
          "nobody"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "attested in Greater Poland; Lesser Poland; attested in Greater Poland; Lesser Poland",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(in a negated clause, attested in Greater Poland, Lesser Poland) no one, nobody"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "in a negated clause"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Greater Poland Old Polish",
        "Lesser Poland Old Polish",
        "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
        "Old Polish terms with quotations",
        "Sieradz-Łęczyca Old Polish"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
          "ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], page I Prol 13:",
          "text": "Kto (qui) miluie pene psalmowe vstawiczne, ne mosze grzecha strogicz",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1415, Przecław Słota, O zachowaniu się przy stole, Łęczyca, Poznań, line 66:",
          "text": "Kogo podle szebe ma, tego s rzeczø nagaba",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1415, Przecław Słota, O zachowaniu się przy stole, Łęczyca, Poznań, line 80:",
          "text": "Ktocz ge chcze szobe zachowacz, bødø gy wszytky milowacz",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "who; someone"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "indefinite",
          "indefinite"
        ],
        [
          "who",
          "who"
        ],
        [
          "someone",
          "someone"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland; Greater Poland; attested in Lesser Poland; Greater Poland",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(relative, somewhat indefinite, attested in Lesser Poland, Sieradz-Łęczyca, Greater Poland) who; someone"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "relative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Masovia Old Polish",
        "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
        "Old Polish terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1895 [1448–1450], Mikołaj Suled, edited by Franciszek Piekosiński, Tłumaczenia polskie statutów ziemskich, Kodeks Świętosławów, Warka, page 7:",
          "text": "Konye gych podkomorzemv przerzeczonemv, pod kym bydlą, mayą bicz przidani dla vyni",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “Ex”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka), 14, 13:",
          "text": "Bo Egipskye, kto (quos) nynye wydzyczye, ondzye wyøczey gich nye uszrzyczye na wyeky",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "who, which, what"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "who",
          "who"
        ],
        [
          "which",
          "which"
        ],
        [
          "what",
          "what"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(relative, adjectival, Masovia) who, which, what"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "adjectival",
        "masculine",
        "relative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ktɔ/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ktɔ/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "chto"
    }
  ],
  "word": "kto"
}

Download raw JSONL data for kto meaning in Old Polish (8.1kB)

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
  "msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: relative, somewhat indefinite, attested in Lesser Poland, Sieradz-Łęczyca, Greater Poland",
  "path": [
    "kto"
  ],
  "section": "Old Polish",
  "subsection": "pronoun",
  "title": "kto",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
  "msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: relative, somewhat indefinite, attested in Lesser Poland, Sieradz-Łęczyca, Greater Poland",
  "path": [
    "kto"
  ],
  "section": "Old Polish",
  "subsection": "pronoun",
  "title": "kto",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
  "msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: relative, adjectival, Masovia",
  "path": [
    "kto"
  ],
  "section": "Old Polish",
  "subsection": "pronoun",
  "title": "kto",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
  "msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: relative, adjectival, Masovia",
  "path": [
    "kto"
  ],
  "section": "Old Polish",
  "subsection": "pronoun",
  "title": "kto",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.