See byk in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "byczak"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "byczało"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "byczel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "morski byk"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "byk"
},
"expansion": "Polish: byk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: byk"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "byk"
},
"expansion": "Silesian: byk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Silesian: byk"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*bỹkъ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *bỹkъ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*bỹkъ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bỹkъ",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1391"
},
"expansion": "1391",
"name": "etydate/the"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1391"
},
"expansion": "First attested in 1391",
"name": "etydate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bỹkъ. First attested in 1391.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "byczek",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "bykowy",
"tags": [
"adjective"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-anml",
"adj": "bykowy",
"dim": "byczek"
},
"expansion": "byk m animal (diminutive byczek, related adjective bykowy)",
"name": "zlw-opl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "bykać"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greater Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Masovia Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "55 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1391, Adam Chmiel, editor, Księgi radzieckie kazimierskie, Krakow, page 263:",
"text": "Item pro thauro civitati vlg. bic dedimus 1/2 mrc.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 49, 14:",
"text": "Aza iescz bødø møso bicow albo krew kozlowø picz bødø?",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1874-1891 [1436], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności, volume XXIII, page 278:",
"text": "Gdy dwa bylasta szą byky duobus dimicantibus tauris",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1868 [1444], Akta grodzkie i ziemskie z czasów Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej : z archiwum tak zwanego bernardyńskiego we Lwowie w skutek fundacyi śp. Alexandra hr. Stadnickiego, volume XIV, page 155:",
"text": "Solum vitulam cum iuvenco al. byk recipiat",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1874-1891 [XV p. pr.], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności, volume XLV11, page 358:",
"text": "Biky tauros",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1921 [XV med.], Kazimierz Tymieniecki, editor, Procesy twórcze formowania się społeczeństwa polskiego w wiekach średnich, page 332:",
"text": "Byk",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1927 [c. 1455], Kazimierz Dobrowolski, editor, Przyczynki do dziejów średniowiecznej kultury polskiej z rękopisu szczyrzyckiego, Szczyrzyc, page 323:",
"text": "Szathanyszky bykv!",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1876-1929 [c. 1455], Vatroslav Jagić, editor, Archiv für slavische Philologie, volume XIV, Miechów, Kruchowo, page 490:",
"text": "De animalibus: lany, caper szarn,... byk",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “II Par”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka), 29, 21:",
"text": "Ofyerowaly spolu bikow syedm",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “II Par”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka), 29, 22:",
"text": "Zbyly biki",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “II Esdr”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka), 8, 15:",
"text": "Abi srzebro bilo sebrano na bicech y na skopoch",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1950 [1469], Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, Adam Wolff, editors, Zapiski i roty polskie XV-XVI wieku z ksiąg sądowych ziemi warszawskiej, number 1306, Warsaw:",
"text": "Yako ya nye wszal... byka Mykolayowa gwalthownye",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1950 [1470], Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, Adam Wolff, editors, Zapiski i roty polskie XV-XVI wieku z ksiąg sądowych ziemi warszawskiej, number 3000, Warsaw:",
"text": "Jakom ya Ondrzeyewy nye sznyadl byka nyeczisczonyego chazebną rzeczą thako dobrego yako sszyemdzessanth groschi",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1907 [c. 1470], Jakub Parkoszowic, edited by Jan Łoś, Traktat o ortografii polskiej, Żurawica, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, Krakow, page 402:",
"text": "Exemplum... de b: bil id est fuit, byk id est taurus",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1907 [c. 1470], Jakub Parkoszowic, edited by Jan Łoś, Traktat o ortografii polskiej, Żurawica, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, Krakow, page 404:",
"text": "Beneck byka bige",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1900 [1472], Józef Rostafiński, editor, Symbola ad historiam naturalem medii aevi = Średniowieczna historya naturalna w Polsce. Ps 2, number 1489:",
"text": "Byk bos",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1950 [1472], Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, Adam Wolff, editors, Zapiski i roty polskie XV-XVI wieku z ksiąg sądowych ziemi warszawskiej, number 3073, Warsaw:",
"text": "Jakom ya nye vcząl gwałtem sszamotrzecz bykowy nogy Ondrzeyowemv",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1892 [1493], Adolf Warschauer, editor, Sonder-Veröffentlichungen der historischen Gesellschaft für die Provinz Posen, volume I, Poznań, page 363:",
"text": "Item Makowcze pro uno bicku unam m. VI gr.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1892 [1494], Adolf Warschauer, editor, Sonder-Veröffentlichungen der historischen Gesellschaft für die Provinz Posen, volume I, Poznań, page 389:",
"text": "Pro bove exempto al. bicka 19 gr.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "c. 1500, Wokabularz lubiński, Lubiń: inkunabuł Archiwum Archidiecezjalnego w Gnieźnie, sygn. Inc. 78d., page 135r:",
"text": "Thaurus (...) id est iuuenis bos et proprie adhuc non castratus byk",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bull (adult male of cattle)"
],
"id": "en-byk-zlw-opl-noun-mRnPQyDP",
"links": [
[
"bull",
"bull"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland; Greater Poland; attested in Lesser Poland; Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland, Greater Poland, Masovia) bull (adult male of cattle)"
],
"tags": [
"animal-not-person",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish hapax legomena",
"parents": [
"Hapax legomena",
"Terms by usage"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1900 [1472], Józef Rostafiński, editor, Symbola ad historiam naturalem medii aevi = Średniowieczna historya naturalna w Polsce. Ps 2, number 1296:",
"text": "Byk virga virilis",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"penis"
],
"id": "en-byk-zlw-opl-noun-9pUtbu9V",
"links": [
[
"penis",
"penis"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(hapax legomenon) penis"
],
"tags": [
"animal-not-person",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bɨk/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/bɨk/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "byk"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish animal nouns",
"Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Polish lemmas",
"Old Polish masculine nouns",
"Old Polish nouns",
"Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"zlw-opl:Cattle",
"zlw-opl:Genitalia"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "byczak"
},
{
"word": "byczało"
},
{
"word": "byczel"
},
{
"word": "morski byk"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "byk"
},
"expansion": "Polish: byk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: byk"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "byk"
},
"expansion": "Silesian: byk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Silesian: byk"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*bỹkъ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *bỹkъ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*bỹkъ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bỹkъ",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1391"
},
"expansion": "1391",
"name": "etydate/the"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1391"
},
"expansion": "First attested in 1391",
"name": "etydate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bỹkъ. First attested in 1391.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "byczek",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "bykowy",
"tags": [
"adjective"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-anml",
"adj": "bykowy",
"dim": "byczek"
},
"expansion": "byk m animal (diminutive byczek, related adjective bykowy)",
"name": "zlw-opl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "bykać"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Greater Poland Old Polish",
"Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"Masovia Old Polish",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1391, Adam Chmiel, editor, Księgi radzieckie kazimierskie, Krakow, page 263:",
"text": "Item pro thauro civitati vlg. bic dedimus 1/2 mrc.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 49, 14:",
"text": "Aza iescz bødø møso bicow albo krew kozlowø picz bødø?",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1874-1891 [1436], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności, volume XXIII, page 278:",
"text": "Gdy dwa bylasta szą byky duobus dimicantibus tauris",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1868 [1444], Akta grodzkie i ziemskie z czasów Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej : z archiwum tak zwanego bernardyńskiego we Lwowie w skutek fundacyi śp. Alexandra hr. Stadnickiego, volume XIV, page 155:",
"text": "Solum vitulam cum iuvenco al. byk recipiat",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1874-1891 [XV p. pr.], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności, volume XLV11, page 358:",
"text": "Biky tauros",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1921 [XV med.], Kazimierz Tymieniecki, editor, Procesy twórcze formowania się społeczeństwa polskiego w wiekach średnich, page 332:",
"text": "Byk",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1927 [c. 1455], Kazimierz Dobrowolski, editor, Przyczynki do dziejów średniowiecznej kultury polskiej z rękopisu szczyrzyckiego, Szczyrzyc, page 323:",
"text": "Szathanyszky bykv!",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1876-1929 [c. 1455], Vatroslav Jagić, editor, Archiv für slavische Philologie, volume XIV, Miechów, Kruchowo, page 490:",
"text": "De animalibus: lany, caper szarn,... byk",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “II Par”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka), 29, 21:",
"text": "Ofyerowaly spolu bikow syedm",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “II Par”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka), 29, 22:",
"text": "Zbyly biki",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “II Esdr”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka), 8, 15:",
"text": "Abi srzebro bilo sebrano na bicech y na skopoch",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1950 [1469], Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, Adam Wolff, editors, Zapiski i roty polskie XV-XVI wieku z ksiąg sądowych ziemi warszawskiej, number 1306, Warsaw:",
"text": "Yako ya nye wszal... byka Mykolayowa gwalthownye",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1950 [1470], Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, Adam Wolff, editors, Zapiski i roty polskie XV-XVI wieku z ksiąg sądowych ziemi warszawskiej, number 3000, Warsaw:",
"text": "Jakom ya Ondrzeyewy nye sznyadl byka nyeczisczonyego chazebną rzeczą thako dobrego yako sszyemdzessanth groschi",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1907 [c. 1470], Jakub Parkoszowic, edited by Jan Łoś, Traktat o ortografii polskiej, Żurawica, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, Krakow, page 402:",
"text": "Exemplum... de b: bil id est fuit, byk id est taurus",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1907 [c. 1470], Jakub Parkoszowic, edited by Jan Łoś, Traktat o ortografii polskiej, Żurawica, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, Krakow, page 404:",
"text": "Beneck byka bige",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1900 [1472], Józef Rostafiński, editor, Symbola ad historiam naturalem medii aevi = Średniowieczna historya naturalna w Polsce. Ps 2, number 1489:",
"text": "Byk bos",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1950 [1472], Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, Adam Wolff, editors, Zapiski i roty polskie XV-XVI wieku z ksiąg sądowych ziemi warszawskiej, number 3073, Warsaw:",
"text": "Jakom ya nye vcząl gwałtem sszamotrzecz bykowy nogy Ondrzeyowemv",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1892 [1493], Adolf Warschauer, editor, Sonder-Veröffentlichungen der historischen Gesellschaft für die Provinz Posen, volume I, Poznań, page 363:",
"text": "Item Makowcze pro uno bicku unam m. VI gr.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1892 [1494], Adolf Warschauer, editor, Sonder-Veröffentlichungen der historischen Gesellschaft für die Provinz Posen, volume I, Poznań, page 389:",
"text": "Pro bove exempto al. bicka 19 gr.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "c. 1500, Wokabularz lubiński, Lubiń: inkunabuł Archiwum Archidiecezjalnego w Gnieźnie, sygn. Inc. 78d., page 135r:",
"text": "Thaurus (...) id est iuuenis bos et proprie adhuc non castratus byk",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bull (adult male of cattle)"
],
"links": [
[
"bull",
"bull"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland; Greater Poland; attested in Lesser Poland; Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland, Greater Poland, Masovia) bull (adult male of cattle)"
],
"tags": [
"animal-not-person",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish hapax legomena",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1900 [1472], Józef Rostafiński, editor, Symbola ad historiam naturalem medii aevi = Średniowieczna historya naturalna w Polsce. Ps 2, number 1296:",
"text": "Byk virga virilis",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"penis"
],
"links": [
[
"penis",
"penis"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(hapax legomenon) penis"
],
"tags": [
"animal-not-person",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bɨk/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/bɨk/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "byk"
}
Download raw JSONL data for byk meaning in Old Polish (7.6kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: attested in Lesser Poland, Greater Poland, Masovia",
"path": [
"byk"
],
"section": "Old Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "byk",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: attested in Lesser Poland, Greater Poland, Masovia",
"path": [
"byk"
],
"section": "Old Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "byk",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: hapax legomenon",
"path": [
"byk"
],
"section": "Old Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "byk",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: hapax legomenon",
"path": [
"byk"
],
"section": "Old Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "byk",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-21 using wiktextract (fef8596 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.