See babka in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "babka"
},
"expansion": "Polish: babka",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: babka"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "babka"
},
"expansion": "Silesian: babka",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Silesian: babka"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*babъka",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *babъka",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*babъka"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *babъka",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "baba",
"3": "-ka"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, baba + -ka",
"name": "surf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "second half of the 14th century"
},
"expansion": "the second half of the 14th century",
"name": "etydate/the"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "second half of the 14th century"
},
"expansion": "First attested in the second half of the 14th century",
"name": "etydate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *babъka. By surface analysis, baba + -ka. First attested in the second half of the 14th century.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "babka f",
"name": "zlw-opl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greater Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1902 [1407], “Wybór zapisek sądowych grodzkich i ziemskich wielkopolskich z XV wieku”, in Franciszek Piekosiński, editor, Studia, rozprawy i materiały z dziedziny historii polskiej i prawa polskiego, volume 6, Poznań, Pyzdry, Kościan, Gniezno, page 323:",
"text": "Byesdrowsco przipadlo na Lesczinø babkø",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "grandma, parent's mother",
"word": "baba"
}
],
"glosses": [
"diminutive of baba (“grandma, parent's mother”)"
],
"id": "en-babka-zlw-opl-noun-U81T4Ecx",
"links": [
[
"baba",
"baba#Old_Polish"
],
[
"grandma",
"grandma"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Greater Poland) diminutive of baba (“grandma, parent's mother”)"
],
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"feminine",
"form-of"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "Beginning of the 15th century, Łukasz z Wielkiego Koźmina, Kazania gnieźnieńskie, Krakow, page 4a:",
"text": "Ioseph podluk obyczaga neuesczego ku ge porodzenu gestcy on byl due bapcze veszual",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "midwife",
"word": "baba"
}
],
"glosses": [
"diminutive of baba (“midwife”)"
],
"id": "en-babka-zlw-opl-noun-IcMiEL0u",
"links": [
[
"baba",
"baba#Old_Polish"
],
[
"midwife",
"midwife"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland) diminutive of baba (“midwife”)"
],
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"feminine",
"form-of"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greater Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1908 [c. 1500], Bolesław Erzepki, editor, Przyczynki do średniowiecznego słownictwa polskiego. I. Glosy polskie wpisane do łacińsko-niemieckiego słownika drukowanego w roku 1490, Lubiń, page 1:",
"text": "Pliades sunt stelle pluviales vlg. bapky",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "c. 1500, Wokabularz lubiński, Lubiń: inkunabuł Archiwum Archidiecezjalnego w Gnieźnie, sygn. Inc. 78d., page 102r:",
"text": "Pliades sunt stelle pluviales vlg. bapky quoddam signum celeste",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "Pleiades",
"word": "baba"
}
],
"glosses": [
"diminutive of baba (“Pleiades”)"
],
"id": "en-babka-zlw-opl-noun-px64dYyX",
"links": [
[
"astronomy",
"astronomy"
],
[
"baba",
"baba#Old_Polish"
],
[
"Pleiades",
"Pleiades"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Greater Poland, in the plural, astronomy) diminutive of baba (“Pleiades”)"
],
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"feminine",
"form-of",
"in-plural"
],
"topics": [
"astronomy",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "3 3 6 22 22 22 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 2 5 23 23 23 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish terms suffixed with -ka",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1900 [1437], Józef Rostafiński, editor, Symbola ad historiam naturalem medii aevi = Średniowieczna historya naturalna w Polsce. Ps 2, number 2456:",
"text": "Babka arnoglossa, plantago minor",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plantain; greater plantain (Plantago major)",
"ribwort plantain (Plantago lanceolata)"
],
"id": "en-babka-zlw-opl-noun-IiOdnUv1",
"links": [
[
"plantain",
"plantain"
],
[
"greater plantain",
"greater plantain"
],
[
"Plantago major",
"Plantago major#Translingual"
],
[
"Plantago lanceolata",
"Plantago lanceolata#Translingual"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "3 3 6 22 22 22 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 2 5 23 23 23 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish terms suffixed with -ka",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1900 [1419], Józef Rostafiński, editor, Symbola ad historiam naturalem medii aevi = Średniowieczna historya naturalna w Polsce. Ps 2, number 5042:",
"text": "Kosmata babka auriculus leporis, plantago media",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plantain; greater plantain (Plantago major)",
"hoary plantain, Plantago media"
],
"id": "en-babka-zlw-opl-noun-M0J9lc6T",
"links": [
[
"plantain",
"plantain"
],
[
"greater plantain",
"greater plantain"
],
[
"Plantago major",
"Plantago major#Translingual"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greater Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish terms with uncertain meaning",
"parents": [
"Terms with uncertain meaning",
"Terms by usage"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Southern Borderlands Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "3 3 6 22 22 22 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 2 5 23 23 23 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish terms suffixed with -ka",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1450, rkps Archiwum i Biblioteki Krakowskiej Kapituły Katedralnej o sygn. KP 224., Uście Solne, Lviv:",
"text": "Babka citharia, plantago",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plantain; greater plantain (Plantago major)",
"The meaning of this term is uncertain."
],
"id": "en-babka-zlw-opl-noun-B40VxxOp",
"links": [
[
"plantain",
"plantain"
],
[
"greater plantain",
"greater plantain"
],
[
"Plantago major",
"Plantago major#Translingual"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Greater Poland; Southern Borderlands; attested in Greater Poland; Southern Borderlands",
"raw_glosses": [
"plantain; greater plantain (Plantago major)",
"(attested in Greater Poland, Southern Borderlands) The meaning of this term is uncertain."
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "3 3 6 22 22 22 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 2 5 23 23 23 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish terms suffixed with -ka",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1900 [1419], Józef Rostafiński, editor, Symbola ad historiam naturalem medii aevi = Średniowieczna historya naturalna w Polsce. Ps 2, number 5040:",
"text": "Babka arnoglossa, plantago maior",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1450, Piotr z Uścia, Rozariusz kapitulny, Ujście: Archiwum i Biblioteki Krakowskiej Kapituły Katedralnej, sygn. Ms 224, page 188r:",
"text": "Plantago […] est quedam herba multum vtilis Et dicitur a planta eo quod adheret terre vlg. babka",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "XV p. post., Wokabularz petersburski I, Cesarskiej Biblioteki Publicznej w Petersburgu, sygn. Lat.Q.ch.XVI.33, page 8:",
"text": "Plantago babka",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1450, Piotr z Uścia, Rozariusz kapitulny, Ujście: Archiwum i Biblioteki Krakowskiej Kapituły Katedralnej, sygn. Ms 224, page 40v:",
"text": "Citharia est quedam herba que alio nomine dicitur plantago babka",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "XV p. post., Wokabularz petersburski IV, esarskiej Biblioteki Publicznej w Petersburgu, sygn. Lat.F.ch.I.401, page 11:",
"text": "Citaria babka",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plantain; greater plantain (Plantago major)"
],
"id": "en-babka-zlw-opl-noun-BlT6oZDM",
"links": [
[
"plantain",
"plantain"
],
[
"greater plantain",
"greater plantain"
],
[
"Plantago major",
"Plantago major#Translingual"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ba(ː)pka/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/bapka/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/bɒpka/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "babka"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Polish feminine nouns",
"Old Polish lemmas",
"Old Polish nouns",
"Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms suffixed with -ka",
"Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"szl:Age",
"szl:Cakes and pastries",
"szl:Children's games",
"szl:Female family members",
"szl:Female people",
"szl:Healthcare occupations",
"szl:Obstetrics",
"zlw-opl:Age",
"zlw-opl:Female family members",
"zlw-opl:Plantain family plants"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "babka"
},
"expansion": "Polish: babka",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: babka"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "babka"
},
"expansion": "Silesian: babka",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Silesian: babka"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*babъka",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *babъka",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*babъka"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *babъka",
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "baba",
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},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, baba + -ka",
"name": "surf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "second half of the 14th century"
},
"expansion": "the second half of the 14th century",
"name": "etydate/the"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "second half of the 14th century"
},
"expansion": "First attested in the second half of the 14th century",
"name": "etydate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *babъka. By surface analysis, baba + -ka. First attested in the second half of the 14th century.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "babka f",
"name": "zlw-opl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Greater Poland Old Polish",
"Old Polish diminutive nouns",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1902 [1407], “Wybór zapisek sądowych grodzkich i ziemskich wielkopolskich z XV wieku”, in Franciszek Piekosiński, editor, Studia, rozprawy i materiały z dziedziny historii polskiej i prawa polskiego, volume 6, Poznań, Pyzdry, Kościan, Gniezno, page 323:",
"text": "Byesdrowsco przipadlo na Lesczinø babkø",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "grandma, parent's mother",
"word": "baba"
}
],
"glosses": [
"diminutive of baba (“grandma, parent's mother”)"
],
"links": [
[
"baba",
"baba#Old_Polish"
],
[
"grandma",
"grandma"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Greater Poland) diminutive of baba (“grandma, parent's mother”)"
],
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"feminine",
"form-of"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"Old Polish diminutive nouns",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "Beginning of the 15th century, Łukasz z Wielkiego Koźmina, Kazania gnieźnieńskie, Krakow, page 4a:",
"text": "Ioseph podluk obyczaga neuesczego ku ge porodzenu gestcy on byl due bapcze veszual",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "midwife",
"word": "baba"
}
],
"glosses": [
"diminutive of baba (“midwife”)"
],
"links": [
[
"baba",
"baba#Old_Polish"
],
[
"midwife",
"midwife"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland) diminutive of baba (“midwife”)"
],
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"feminine",
"form-of"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Greater Poland Old Polish",
"Old Polish diminutive nouns",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations",
"zlw-opl:Constellations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1908 [c. 1500], Bolesław Erzepki, editor, Przyczynki do średniowiecznego słownictwa polskiego. I. Glosy polskie wpisane do łacińsko-niemieckiego słownika drukowanego w roku 1490, Lubiń, page 1:",
"text": "Pliades sunt stelle pluviales vlg. bapky",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "c. 1500, Wokabularz lubiński, Lubiń: inkunabuł Archiwum Archidiecezjalnego w Gnieźnie, sygn. Inc. 78d., page 102r:",
"text": "Pliades sunt stelle pluviales vlg. bapky quoddam signum celeste",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "Pleiades",
"word": "baba"
}
],
"glosses": [
"diminutive of baba (“Pleiades”)"
],
"links": [
[
"astronomy",
"astronomy"
],
[
"baba",
"baba#Old_Polish"
],
[
"Pleiades",
"Pleiades"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Greater Poland, in the plural, astronomy) diminutive of baba (“Pleiades”)"
],
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"feminine",
"form-of",
"in-plural"
],
"topics": [
"astronomy",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1900 [1437], Józef Rostafiński, editor, Symbola ad historiam naturalem medii aevi = Średniowieczna historya naturalna w Polsce. Ps 2, number 2456:",
"text": "Babka arnoglossa, plantago minor",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plantain; greater plantain (Plantago major)",
"ribwort plantain (Plantago lanceolata)"
],
"links": [
[
"plantain",
"plantain"
],
[
"greater plantain",
"greater plantain"
],
[
"Plantago major",
"Plantago major#Translingual"
],
[
"Plantago lanceolata",
"Plantago lanceolata#Translingual"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa",
"Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1900 [1419], Józef Rostafiński, editor, Symbola ad historiam naturalem medii aevi = Średniowieczna historya naturalna w Polsce. Ps 2, number 5042:",
"text": "Kosmata babka auriculus leporis, plantago media",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plantain; greater plantain (Plantago major)",
"hoary plantain, Plantago media"
],
"links": [
[
"plantain",
"plantain"
],
[
"greater plantain",
"greater plantain"
],
[
"Plantago major",
"Plantago major#Translingual"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Greater Poland Old Polish",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations",
"Old Polish terms with uncertain meaning",
"Southern Borderlands Old Polish"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1450, rkps Archiwum i Biblioteki Krakowskiej Kapituły Katedralnej o sygn. KP 224., Uście Solne, Lviv:",
"text": "Babka citharia, plantago",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plantain; greater plantain (Plantago major)",
"The meaning of this term is uncertain."
],
"links": [
[
"plantain",
"plantain"
],
[
"greater plantain",
"greater plantain"
],
[
"Plantago major",
"Plantago major#Translingual"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Greater Poland; Southern Borderlands; attested in Greater Poland; Southern Borderlands",
"raw_glosses": [
"plantain; greater plantain (Plantago major)",
"(attested in Greater Poland, Southern Borderlands) The meaning of this term is uncertain."
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1900 [1419], Józef Rostafiński, editor, Symbola ad historiam naturalem medii aevi = Średniowieczna historya naturalna w Polsce. Ps 2, number 5040:",
"text": "Babka arnoglossa, plantago maior",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1450, Piotr z Uścia, Rozariusz kapitulny, Ujście: Archiwum i Biblioteki Krakowskiej Kapituły Katedralnej, sygn. Ms 224, page 188r:",
"text": "Plantago […] est quedam herba multum vtilis Et dicitur a planta eo quod adheret terre vlg. babka",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "XV p. post., Wokabularz petersburski I, Cesarskiej Biblioteki Publicznej w Petersburgu, sygn. Lat.Q.ch.XVI.33, page 8:",
"text": "Plantago babka",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1450, Piotr z Uścia, Rozariusz kapitulny, Ujście: Archiwum i Biblioteki Krakowskiej Kapituły Katedralnej, sygn. Ms 224, page 40v:",
"text": "Citharia est quedam herba que alio nomine dicitur plantago babka",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "XV p. post., Wokabularz petersburski IV, esarskiej Biblioteki Publicznej w Petersburgu, sygn. Lat.F.ch.I.401, page 11:",
"text": "Citaria babka",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plantain; greater plantain (Plantago major)"
],
"links": [
[
"plantain",
"plantain"
],
[
"greater plantain",
"greater plantain"
],
[
"Plantago major",
"Plantago major#Translingual"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ba(ː)pka/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/bapka/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/bɒpka/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "babka"
}
Download raw JSONL data for babka meaning in Old Polish (8.6kB)
{
"called_from": "page/1498/20230118",
"msg": "''plantain; greater plantain (Pl'[...]' gloss has examples we want to keep, but there are subglosses.",
"path": [
"babka"
],
"section": "Old Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "babka",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-21 using wiktextract (fef8596 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.