See erja in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "erja"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: erja",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: erja"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "æria"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: æria",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: æria"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "ärja"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: ärja",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: ärja"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂erh₃-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*arjaną",
"4": "",
"5": "to plough"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *arjaną (“to plough”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂éryeti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂éryeti",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *arjaną (“to plough”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éryeti, with the root *h₂erh₃- (“to plough”). At the Proto-Germanic stage, it had a strong conjugation.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "non-conj-weak1-short",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "erja",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "erjandi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "arðr",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "er",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "arða",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "err",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "arðir",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "err",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "arði",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "erjum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ǫrðum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "erið",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ǫrðuð",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "erja",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ǫrðu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "erja",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "erða",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "erir",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "erðir",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "eri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "erði",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "erim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "erðim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "erðið",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "eri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "erði",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "er",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "non-conj-weak1-short",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "erjask",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "erjandisk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "arzk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "erjumk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ǫrðumk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ersk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "arðisk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ersk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "arðisk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "erjumsk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ǫrðumsk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "erizk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ǫrðuzk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "erjask",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ǫrðusk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "erðumk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "erisk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "erðisk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "erisk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "erðisk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "erimsk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "erðimsk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "erðizk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "erisk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "erðisk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"10": "{{{ppast2}}}",
"11": "",
"12": "{{{ppast3}}}",
"13": "",
"14": "{{{3}}}",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{pp2}}}",
"2": "verb",
"3": "",
"4": "{{{1}}}",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{spast2}}}",
"7": "",
"8": "{{{2}}}",
"9": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "erja",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "erja",
"name": "non-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "er",
"2": "arð",
"2s": "arz",
"3": "erð",
"4": "ǫrð"
},
"name": "non-conj-weak1-short"
},
{
"args": {
"impr_1pl": "erjum",
"impr_2pl": "erið",
"impr_2sg": "er",
"infinitive": "erja",
"mp_impr_1pl": "erjumsk",
"mp_impr_2pl": "erizk",
"mp_impr_2sg": "ersk",
"mp_infinitive": "erjask",
"mp_past_ind_1pl": "ǫrðumsk",
"mp_past_ind_1sg": "ǫrðumk",
"mp_past_ind_2pl": "ǫrðuzk",
"mp_past_ind_2sg": "arðisk",
"mp_past_ind_3pl": "ǫrðusk",
"mp_past_ind_3sg": "arðisk",
"mp_past_part": "arzk",
"mp_past_sub_1pl": "erðimsk",
"mp_past_sub_1sg": "erðumk",
"mp_past_sub_2pl": "erðizk",
"mp_past_sub_2sg": "erðisk",
"mp_past_sub_3pl": "erðisk",
"mp_past_sub_3sg": "erðisk",
"mp_pres_ind_1pl": "erjumsk",
"mp_pres_ind_1sg": "erjumk",
"mp_pres_ind_2pl": "erizk",
"mp_pres_ind_2sg": "ersk",
"mp_pres_ind_3pl": "erjask",
"mp_pres_ind_3sg": "ersk",
"mp_pres_part": "erjandisk",
"mp_pres_sub_1pl": "erimsk",
"mp_pres_sub_1sg": "erjumk",
"mp_pres_sub_2pl": "erizk",
"mp_pres_sub_2sg": "erisk",
"mp_pres_sub_3pl": "erisk",
"mp_pres_sub_3sg": "erisk",
"past_ind_1pl": "ǫrðum",
"past_ind_1sg": "arða",
"past_ind_2pl": "ǫrðuð",
"past_ind_2sg": "arðir",
"past_ind_3pl": "ǫrðu",
"past_ind_3sg": "arði",
"past_part": "arðr",
"past_sub_1pl": "erðim",
"past_sub_1sg": "erða",
"past_sub_2pl": "erðið",
"past_sub_2sg": "erðir",
"past_sub_3pl": "erði",
"past_sub_3sg": "erði",
"personal": "yes",
"pres_ind_1pl": "erjum",
"pres_ind_1sg": "er",
"pres_ind_2pl": "erið",
"pres_ind_2sg": "err",
"pres_ind_3pl": "erja",
"pres_ind_3sg": "err",
"pres_part": "erjandi",
"pres_sub_1pl": "erim",
"pres_sub_1sg": "erja",
"pres_sub_2pl": "erið",
"pres_sub_2sg": "erir",
"pres_sub_3pl": "eri",
"pres_sub_3sg": "eri",
"title1": "Conjugation of erja — active (weak class 1)",
"title2": "Conjugation of erja — mediopassive (weak class 1)"
},
"name": "non-conj-blank-full"
},
{
"args": {
"impr_1pl": "erjum",
"impr_2pl": "erið",
"impr_2sg": "er",
"infinitive": "erja",
"mode": "act",
"past_ind_1pl": "ǫrðum",
"past_ind_1sg": "arða",
"past_ind_2pl": "ǫrðuð",
"past_ind_2sg": "arðir",
"past_ind_3pl": "ǫrðu",
"past_ind_3sg": "arði",
"past_part": "arðr",
"past_sub_1pl": "erðim",
"past_sub_1sg": "erða",
"past_sub_2pl": "erðið",
"past_sub_2sg": "erðir",
"past_sub_3pl": "erði",
"past_sub_3sg": "erði",
"pres_ind_1pl": "erjum",
"pres_ind_1sg": "er",
"pres_ind_2pl": "erið",
"pres_ind_2sg": "err",
"pres_ind_3pl": "erja",
"pres_ind_3sg": "err",
"pres_part": "erjandi",
"pres_sub_1pl": "erim",
"pres_sub_1sg": "erja",
"pres_sub_2pl": "erið",
"pres_sub_2sg": "erir",
"pres_sub_3pl": "eri",
"pres_sub_3sg": "eri",
"title": "Conjugation of erja — active (weak class 1)"
},
"name": "non-conj-table"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "erja",
"2": "infinitive",
"3": "act"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "erjandi",
"2": "pres_part",
"3": "act"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arðr",
"2": "past_part",
"3": "act"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "er",
"2": "pres_ind_1sg",
"3": "act"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arða",
"2": "past_ind_1sg",
"3": "act"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "err",
"2": "pres_ind_2sg",
"3": "act"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arðir",
"2": "past_ind_2sg",
"3": "act"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "err",
"2": "pres_ind_3sg",
"3": "act"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arði",
"2": "past_ind_3sg",
"3": "act"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "erjum",
"2": "pres_ind_1pl",
"3": "act"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ǫrðum",
"2": "past_ind_1pl",
"3": "act"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "erið",
"2": "pres_ind_2pl",
"3": "act"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ǫrðuð",
"2": "past_ind_2pl",
"3": "act"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "erja",
"2": "pres_ind_3pl",
"3": "act"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ǫrðu",
"2": "past_ind_3pl",
"3": "act"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "erja",
"2": "pres_sub_1sg",
"3": "act"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "erða",
"2": "past_sub_1sg",
"3": "act"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "erir",
"2": "pres_sub_2sg",
"3": "act"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "erðir",
"2": "past_sub_2sg",
"3": "act"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "eri",
"2": "pres_sub_3sg",
"3": "act"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "erði",
"2": "past_sub_3sg",
"3": "act"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "erim",
"2": "pres_sub_1pl",
"3": "act"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "erðim",
"2": "past_sub_1pl",
"3": "act"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "erið",
"2": "pres_sub_2pl",
"3": "act"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "erðið",
"2": "past_sub_2pl",
"3": "act"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "eri",
"2": "pres_sub_3pl",
"3": "act"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "erði",
"2": "past_sub_3pl",
"3": "act"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "er",
"2": "impr_2sg",
"3": "act"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "erjum",
"2": "impr_1pl",
"3": "act"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "erið",
"2": "impr_2pl",
"3": "act"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"impr_1pl": "erjumsk",
"impr_2pl": "erizk",
"impr_2sg": "ersk",
"infinitive": "erjask",
"mode": "mpass",
"past_ind_1pl": "ǫrðumsk",
"past_ind_1sg": "ǫrðumk",
"past_ind_2pl": "ǫrðuzk",
"past_ind_2sg": "arðisk",
"past_ind_3pl": "ǫrðusk",
"past_ind_3sg": "arðisk",
"past_part": "arzk",
"past_sub_1pl": "erðimsk",
"past_sub_1sg": "erðumk",
"past_sub_2pl": "erðizk",
"past_sub_2sg": "erðisk",
"past_sub_3pl": "erðisk",
"past_sub_3sg": "erðisk",
"pres_ind_1pl": "erjumsk",
"pres_ind_1sg": "erjumk",
"pres_ind_2pl": "erizk",
"pres_ind_2sg": "ersk",
"pres_ind_3pl": "erjask",
"pres_ind_3sg": "ersk",
"pres_part": "erjandisk",
"pres_sub_1pl": "erimsk",
"pres_sub_1sg": "erjumk",
"pres_sub_2pl": "erizk",
"pres_sub_2sg": "erisk",
"pres_sub_3pl": "erisk",
"pres_sub_3sg": "erisk",
"title": "Conjugation of erja — mediopassive (weak class 1)"
},
"name": "non-conj-table"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "erjask",
"2": "infinitive",
"3": "mpass"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "erjandisk",
"2": "pres_part",
"3": "mpass"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arzk",
"2": "past_part",
"3": "mpass"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "erjumk",
"2": "pres_ind_1sg",
"3": "mpass"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ǫrðumk",
"2": "past_ind_1sg",
"3": "mpass"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ersk",
"2": "pres_ind_2sg",
"3": "mpass"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arðisk",
"2": "past_ind_2sg",
"3": "mpass"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ersk",
"2": "pres_ind_3sg",
"3": "mpass"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arðisk",
"2": "past_ind_3sg",
"3": "mpass"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "erjumsk",
"2": "pres_ind_1pl",
"3": "mpass"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ǫrðumsk",
"2": "past_ind_1pl",
"3": "mpass"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "erizk",
"2": "pres_ind_2pl",
"3": "mpass"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ǫrðuzk",
"2": "past_ind_2pl",
"3": "mpass"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "erjask",
"2": "pres_ind_3pl",
"3": "mpass"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ǫrðusk",
"2": "past_ind_3pl",
"3": "mpass"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "erjumk",
"2": "pres_sub_1sg",
"3": "mpass"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "erðumk",
"2": "past_sub_1sg",
"3": "mpass"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "erisk",
"2": "pres_sub_2sg",
"3": "mpass"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "erðisk",
"2": "past_sub_2sg",
"3": "mpass"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "erisk",
"2": "pres_sub_3sg",
"3": "mpass"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "erðisk",
"2": "past_sub_3sg",
"3": "mpass"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "erimsk",
"2": "pres_sub_1pl",
"3": "mpass"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "erðimsk",
"2": "past_sub_1pl",
"3": "mpass"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "erizk",
"2": "pres_sub_2pl",
"3": "mpass"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "erðizk",
"2": "past_sub_2pl",
"3": "mpass"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "erisk",
"2": "pres_sub_3pl",
"3": "mpass"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "erðisk",
"2": "past_sub_3pl",
"3": "mpass"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ersk",
"2": "impr_2sg",
"3": "mpass"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "erjumsk",
"2": "impr_1pl",
"3": "mpass"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "erizk",
"2": "impr_2pl",
"3": "mpass"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
}
],
"lang": "Old Norse",
"lang_code": "non",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "arðr"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "non",
"name": "Agriculture",
"orig": "non:Agriculture",
"parents": [
"Applied sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "He who ploughed [the sea] with the prow away from Iceland",
"text": "Anonymous stanza cited in c. 1250, Óláfr ‘White Skald’ Þórðarson, Third Grammatical Treatise\nSás af Íslandi · arði barði",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to plough"
],
"id": "en-erja-non-verb-9T26LxTa",
"links": [
[
"plough",
"plough"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "non",
"name": "Agriculture",
"orig": "non:Agriculture",
"parents": [
"Applied sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to scratch, scrape"
],
"id": "en-erja-non-verb-wd0izLyC",
"links": [
[
"scratch",
"scratch"
],
[
"scrape",
"scrape"
]
]
}
],
"word": "erja"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Norse class 1 weak short-stem verbs",
"Old Norse entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Norse lemmas",
"Old Norse terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old Norse terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Norse terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂erh₃-",
"Old Norse terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old Norse terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Norse verbs",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"non:Agriculture"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "erja"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: erja",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: erja"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "æria"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: æria",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: æria"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "ärja"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: ärja",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: ärja"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂erh₃-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*arjaną",
"4": "",
"5": "to plough"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *arjaną (“to plough”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂éryeti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂éryeti",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *arjaną (“to plough”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éryeti, with the root *h₂erh₃- (“to plough”). At the Proto-Germanic stage, it had a strong conjugation.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "non-conj-weak1-short",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "erja",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "erjandi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "arðr",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "er",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "arða",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "err",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "arðir",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "err",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "arði",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "erjum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ǫrðum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "erið",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ǫrðuð",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "erja",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ǫrðu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "erja",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "erða",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "erir",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "erðir",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "eri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "erði",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "erim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "erðim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "erðið",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "eri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "erði",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "er",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "non-conj-weak1-short",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "erjask",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "erjandisk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "arzk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "erjumk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ǫrðumk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ersk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "arðisk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ersk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "arðisk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "erjumsk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ǫrðumsk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "erizk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ǫrðuzk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "erjask",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ǫrðusk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "erðumk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "erisk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "erðisk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "erisk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "erðisk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "erimsk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "erðimsk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "erðizk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "erisk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "erðisk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"10": "{{{ppast2}}}",
"11": "",
"12": "{{{ppast3}}}",
"13": "",
"14": "{{{3}}}",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{pp2}}}",
"2": "verb",
"3": "",
"4": "{{{1}}}",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{spast2}}}",
"7": "",
"8": "{{{2}}}",
"9": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "erja",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "erja",
"name": "non-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "er",
"2": "arð",
"2s": "arz",
"3": "erð",
"4": "ǫrð"
},
"name": "non-conj-weak1-short"
},
{
"args": {
"impr_1pl": "erjum",
"impr_2pl": "erið",
"impr_2sg": "er",
"infinitive": "erja",
"mp_impr_1pl": "erjumsk",
"mp_impr_2pl": "erizk",
"mp_impr_2sg": "ersk",
"mp_infinitive": "erjask",
"mp_past_ind_1pl": "ǫrðumsk",
"mp_past_ind_1sg": "ǫrðumk",
"mp_past_ind_2pl": "ǫrðuzk",
"mp_past_ind_2sg": "arðisk",
"mp_past_ind_3pl": "ǫrðusk",
"mp_past_ind_3sg": "arðisk",
"mp_past_part": "arzk",
"mp_past_sub_1pl": "erðimsk",
"mp_past_sub_1sg": "erðumk",
"mp_past_sub_2pl": "erðizk",
"mp_past_sub_2sg": "erðisk",
"mp_past_sub_3pl": "erðisk",
"mp_past_sub_3sg": "erðisk",
"mp_pres_ind_1pl": "erjumsk",
"mp_pres_ind_1sg": "erjumk",
"mp_pres_ind_2pl": "erizk",
"mp_pres_ind_2sg": "ersk",
"mp_pres_ind_3pl": "erjask",
"mp_pres_ind_3sg": "ersk",
"mp_pres_part": "erjandisk",
"mp_pres_sub_1pl": "erimsk",
"mp_pres_sub_1sg": "erjumk",
"mp_pres_sub_2pl": "erizk",
"mp_pres_sub_2sg": "erisk",
"mp_pres_sub_3pl": "erisk",
"mp_pres_sub_3sg": "erisk",
"past_ind_1pl": "ǫrðum",
"past_ind_1sg": "arða",
"past_ind_2pl": "ǫrðuð",
"past_ind_2sg": "arðir",
"past_ind_3pl": "ǫrðu",
"past_ind_3sg": "arði",
"past_part": "arðr",
"past_sub_1pl": "erðim",
"past_sub_1sg": "erða",
"past_sub_2pl": "erðið",
"past_sub_2sg": "erðir",
"past_sub_3pl": "erði",
"past_sub_3sg": "erði",
"personal": "yes",
"pres_ind_1pl": "erjum",
"pres_ind_1sg": "er",
"pres_ind_2pl": "erið",
"pres_ind_2sg": "err",
"pres_ind_3pl": "erja",
"pres_ind_3sg": "err",
"pres_part": "erjandi",
"pres_sub_1pl": "erim",
"pres_sub_1sg": "erja",
"pres_sub_2pl": "erið",
"pres_sub_2sg": "erir",
"pres_sub_3pl": "eri",
"pres_sub_3sg": "eri",
"title1": "Conjugation of erja — active (weak class 1)",
"title2": "Conjugation of erja — mediopassive (weak class 1)"
},
"name": "non-conj-blank-full"
},
{
"args": {
"impr_1pl": "erjum",
"impr_2pl": "erið",
"impr_2sg": "er",
"infinitive": "erja",
"mode": "act",
"past_ind_1pl": "ǫrðum",
"past_ind_1sg": "arða",
"past_ind_2pl": "ǫrðuð",
"past_ind_2sg": "arðir",
"past_ind_3pl": "ǫrðu",
"past_ind_3sg": "arði",
"past_part": "arðr",
"past_sub_1pl": "erðim",
"past_sub_1sg": "erða",
"past_sub_2pl": "erðið",
"past_sub_2sg": "erðir",
"past_sub_3pl": "erði",
"past_sub_3sg": "erði",
"pres_ind_1pl": "erjum",
"pres_ind_1sg": "er",
"pres_ind_2pl": "erið",
"pres_ind_2sg": "err",
"pres_ind_3pl": "erja",
"pres_ind_3sg": "err",
"pres_part": "erjandi",
"pres_sub_1pl": "erim",
"pres_sub_1sg": "erja",
"pres_sub_2pl": "erið",
"pres_sub_2sg": "erir",
"pres_sub_3pl": "eri",
"pres_sub_3sg": "eri",
"title": "Conjugation of erja — active (weak class 1)"
},
"name": "non-conj-table"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "erja",
"2": "infinitive",
"3": "act"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "erjandi",
"2": "pres_part",
"3": "act"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arðr",
"2": "past_part",
"3": "act"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "er",
"2": "pres_ind_1sg",
"3": "act"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arða",
"2": "past_ind_1sg",
"3": "act"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "err",
"2": "pres_ind_2sg",
"3": "act"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arðir",
"2": "past_ind_2sg",
"3": "act"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "err",
"2": "pres_ind_3sg",
"3": "act"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arði",
"2": "past_ind_3sg",
"3": "act"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "erjum",
"2": "pres_ind_1pl",
"3": "act"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ǫrðum",
"2": "past_ind_1pl",
"3": "act"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "erið",
"2": "pres_ind_2pl",
"3": "act"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ǫrðuð",
"2": "past_ind_2pl",
"3": "act"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "erja",
"2": "pres_ind_3pl",
"3": "act"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ǫrðu",
"2": "past_ind_3pl",
"3": "act"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "erja",
"2": "pres_sub_1sg",
"3": "act"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "erða",
"2": "past_sub_1sg",
"3": "act"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "erir",
"2": "pres_sub_2sg",
"3": "act"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "erðir",
"2": "past_sub_2sg",
"3": "act"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "eri",
"2": "pres_sub_3sg",
"3": "act"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "erði",
"2": "past_sub_3sg",
"3": "act"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "erim",
"2": "pres_sub_1pl",
"3": "act"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "erðim",
"2": "past_sub_1pl",
"3": "act"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "erið",
"2": "pres_sub_2pl",
"3": "act"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "erðið",
"2": "past_sub_2pl",
"3": "act"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "eri",
"2": "pres_sub_3pl",
"3": "act"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "erði",
"2": "past_sub_3pl",
"3": "act"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "er",
"2": "impr_2sg",
"3": "act"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "erjum",
"2": "impr_1pl",
"3": "act"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "erið",
"2": "impr_2pl",
"3": "act"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"impr_1pl": "erjumsk",
"impr_2pl": "erizk",
"impr_2sg": "ersk",
"infinitive": "erjask",
"mode": "mpass",
"past_ind_1pl": "ǫrðumsk",
"past_ind_1sg": "ǫrðumk",
"past_ind_2pl": "ǫrðuzk",
"past_ind_2sg": "arðisk",
"past_ind_3pl": "ǫrðusk",
"past_ind_3sg": "arðisk",
"past_part": "arzk",
"past_sub_1pl": "erðimsk",
"past_sub_1sg": "erðumk",
"past_sub_2pl": "erðizk",
"past_sub_2sg": "erðisk",
"past_sub_3pl": "erðisk",
"past_sub_3sg": "erðisk",
"pres_ind_1pl": "erjumsk",
"pres_ind_1sg": "erjumk",
"pres_ind_2pl": "erizk",
"pres_ind_2sg": "ersk",
"pres_ind_3pl": "erjask",
"pres_ind_3sg": "ersk",
"pres_part": "erjandisk",
"pres_sub_1pl": "erimsk",
"pres_sub_1sg": "erjumk",
"pres_sub_2pl": "erizk",
"pres_sub_2sg": "erisk",
"pres_sub_3pl": "erisk",
"pres_sub_3sg": "erisk",
"title": "Conjugation of erja — mediopassive (weak class 1)"
},
"name": "non-conj-table"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "erjask",
"2": "infinitive",
"3": "mpass"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "erjandisk",
"2": "pres_part",
"3": "mpass"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arzk",
"2": "past_part",
"3": "mpass"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "erjumk",
"2": "pres_ind_1sg",
"3": "mpass"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ǫrðumk",
"2": "past_ind_1sg",
"3": "mpass"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ersk",
"2": "pres_ind_2sg",
"3": "mpass"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arðisk",
"2": "past_ind_2sg",
"3": "mpass"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ersk",
"2": "pres_ind_3sg",
"3": "mpass"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "arðisk",
"2": "past_ind_3sg",
"3": "mpass"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "erjumsk",
"2": "pres_ind_1pl",
"3": "mpass"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ǫrðumsk",
"2": "past_ind_1pl",
"3": "mpass"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "erizk",
"2": "pres_ind_2pl",
"3": "mpass"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ǫrðuzk",
"2": "past_ind_2pl",
"3": "mpass"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "erjask",
"2": "pres_ind_3pl",
"3": "mpass"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ǫrðusk",
"2": "past_ind_3pl",
"3": "mpass"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "erjumk",
"2": "pres_sub_1sg",
"3": "mpass"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "erðumk",
"2": "past_sub_1sg",
"3": "mpass"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "erisk",
"2": "pres_sub_2sg",
"3": "mpass"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "erðisk",
"2": "past_sub_2sg",
"3": "mpass"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "erisk",
"2": "pres_sub_3sg",
"3": "mpass"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "erðisk",
"2": "past_sub_3sg",
"3": "mpass"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "erimsk",
"2": "pres_sub_1pl",
"3": "mpass"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "erðimsk",
"2": "past_sub_1pl",
"3": "mpass"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "erizk",
"2": "pres_sub_2pl",
"3": "mpass"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "erðizk",
"2": "past_sub_2pl",
"3": "mpass"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "erisk",
"2": "pres_sub_3pl",
"3": "mpass"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "erðisk",
"2": "past_sub_3pl",
"3": "mpass"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ersk",
"2": "impr_2sg",
"3": "mpass"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "erjumsk",
"2": "impr_1pl",
"3": "mpass"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "erizk",
"2": "impr_2pl",
"3": "mpass"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
}
],
"lang": "Old Norse",
"lang_code": "non",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "arðr"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old Norse terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "He who ploughed [the sea] with the prow away from Iceland",
"text": "Anonymous stanza cited in c. 1250, Óláfr ‘White Skald’ Þórðarson, Third Grammatical Treatise\nSás af Íslandi · arði barði",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to plough"
],
"links": [
[
"plough",
"plough"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to scratch, scrape"
],
"links": [
[
"scratch",
"scratch"
],
[
"scrape",
"scrape"
]
]
}
],
"word": "erja"
}
Download raw JSONL data for erja meaning in Old Norse (15.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old Norse dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (65a6e81 and 0dbea76). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.