"réud" meaning in Old Irish

See réud in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /r͈ʲeːu̯ð/
Etymology: Derived somehow from Proto-Celtic *ɸreswos, from Proto-Indo-European *prews-. Cognate with English freeze and Latin pruina (“hoar-frost”). Matasović posits an immediate preform *ɸreswotos to account for the Goidelic forms, but it would result in **refud instead as the usual reflex of *-sw- in Old Irish is -f-. Etymology templates: {{der|sga|cel-pro|*ɸreswos}} Proto-Celtic *ɸreswos, {{der|sga|ine-pro|*prews-}} Proto-Indo-European *prews-, {{cog|en|freeze}} English freeze, {{cog|la|pruina||hoar-frost}} Latin pruina (“hoar-frost”) Head templates: {{head|sga|noun||||{{{2}}}||||||||{{{3}}}||{{{pl2}}}||{{{pl3}}}|cat2=|g=m|g2=|g3=|head=|sort=}} réud m, {{sga-noun|m}} réud m Inflection templates: {{sga-decl-o-masc|ríuid}}, {{sga-decl-noun|acc_du=réud+L|acc_du2=|acc_du3=|acc_pl=réudu+H|acc_pl2=|acc_pl3=|acc_sg=réud+N|acc_sg2=|acc_sg3=|class=o-m|dat_du=réudaib|dat_du2=|dat_du3=|dat_pl=réudaib|dat_pl2=|dat_pl3=|dat_sg=réud+L|dat_sg2=|dat_sg3=|gen_du=réud|gen_du2=|gen_du3=|gen_pl=réud+N|gen_pl2=|gen_pl3=|gen_pl4=|gen_sg=ríuid+L|gen_sg2=|gen_sg3=|n=|nom_du=réud+L|nom_du2=|nom_du3=|nom_pl=ríuid+L|nom_pl2=|nom_pl3=|nom_sg=réud|nom_sg2=|nom_sg3=|voc_du=réud+L|voc_du2=|voc_du3=|voc_pl=réudu+H|voc_pl2=|voc_pl3=|voc_sg=ríuid|voc_sg2=|voc_sg3=}}, {{sga-mutation|r|éud}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], réud [masculine, nominative, singular, stem], réud [dual, masculine, nominative, stem], ríuid [masculine, nominative, plural, stem], ríuid [masculine, singular, stem, vocative], réud [dual, masculine, stem, vocative], réudu [masculine, plural, stem, vocative], réud [accusative, masculine, singular, stem], réud [accusative, dual, masculine, stem], réudu [accusative, masculine, plural, stem], ríuid [genitive, masculine, singular, stem], réud [dual, genitive, masculine, stem], réud [genitive, masculine, plural, stem], réud [dative, masculine, singular, stem], réudaib [dative, dual, masculine, stem], réudaib [dative, masculine, plural, stem], no-table-tags [table-tags], réud [mutation, mutation-radical], also rréud after a proclitic [mutation, mutation-radical], réud [mutation, mutation-nasal]
  1. frost Tags: masculine Categories (topical): Weather
    Sense id: en-réud-sga-noun-178Mnqbq Categories (other): Old Irish entries with incorrect language header, Old Irish entries with topic categories using raw markup, Old Irish terms with redundant sortkeys, Pages with raw sortkeys

Download JSON data for réud meaning in Old Irish (5.7kB)

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mga",
            "2": "reód"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Irish: reód",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Irish: reód"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ga",
            "2": "reo"
          },
          "expansion": "Irish: reo",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Irish: reo"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gv",
            "2": "rio"
          },
          "expansion": "Manx: rio",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Manx: rio"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gd",
            "2": "reòth"
          },
          "expansion": "Scottish Gaelic: reòth",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scottish Gaelic: reòth"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*ɸreswos"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *ɸreswos",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*prews-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *prews-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "freeze"
      },
      "expansion": "English freeze",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "pruina",
        "3": "",
        "4": "hoar-frost"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin pruina (“hoar-frost”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Derived somehow from Proto-Celtic *ɸreswos, from Proto-Indo-European *prews-. Cognate with English freeze and Latin pruina (“hoar-frost”). Matasović posits an immediate preform *ɸreswotos to account for the Goidelic forms, but it would result in **refud instead as the usual reflex of *-sw- in Old Irish is -f-.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sga-decl-o-masc",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "réud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "réud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ríuid",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ríuid",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "stem",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "réud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "stem",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "réudu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "stem",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "réud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "réud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "réudu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ríuid",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "réud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "réud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "réud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "réudaib",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "réudaib",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sga-mutation",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "réud",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "mutation",
        "mutation-radical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "also rréud after a proclitic",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "mutation",
        "mutation-radical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "réud",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "mutation",
        "mutation-nasal"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "10": "",
        "11": "",
        "12": "",
        "13": "",
        "14": "{{{3}}}",
        "15": "",
        "16": "{{{pl2}}}",
        "17": "",
        "18": "{{{pl3}}}",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "{{{2}}}",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "9": "",
        "cat2": "",
        "g": "m",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "réud m",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "réud m",
      "name": "sga-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ríuid"
      },
      "name": "sga-decl-o-masc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "acc_du": "réud+L",
        "acc_du2": "",
        "acc_du3": "",
        "acc_pl": "réudu+H",
        "acc_pl2": "",
        "acc_pl3": "",
        "acc_sg": "réud+N",
        "acc_sg2": "",
        "acc_sg3": "",
        "class": "o-m",
        "dat_du": "réudaib",
        "dat_du2": "",
        "dat_du3": "",
        "dat_pl": "réudaib",
        "dat_pl2": "",
        "dat_pl3": "",
        "dat_sg": "réud+L",
        "dat_sg2": "",
        "dat_sg3": "",
        "gen_du": "réud",
        "gen_du2": "",
        "gen_du3": "",
        "gen_pl": "réud+N",
        "gen_pl2": "",
        "gen_pl3": "",
        "gen_pl4": "",
        "gen_sg": "ríuid+L",
        "gen_sg2": "",
        "gen_sg3": "",
        "n": "",
        "nom_du": "réud+L",
        "nom_du2": "",
        "nom_du3": "",
        "nom_pl": "ríuid+L",
        "nom_pl2": "",
        "nom_pl3": "",
        "nom_sg": "réud",
        "nom_sg2": "",
        "nom_sg3": "",
        "voc_du": "réud+L",
        "voc_du2": "",
        "voc_du3": "",
        "voc_pl": "réudu+H",
        "voc_pl2": "",
        "voc_pl3": "",
        "voc_sg": "ríuid",
        "voc_sg2": "",
        "voc_sg3": ""
      },
      "name": "sga-decl-noun"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "r",
        "2": "éud"
      },
      "name": "sga-mutation"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Irish",
  "lang_code": "sga",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Irish entries with topic categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Irish terms with redundant sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with raw sortkeys",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "sga",
          "name": "Weather",
          "orig": "sga:Weather",
          "parents": [
            "Atmosphere",
            "Nature",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "frost"
      ],
      "id": "en-réud-sga-noun-178Mnqbq",
      "links": [
        [
          "frost",
          "frost"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/r͈ʲeːu̯ð/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "réud"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mga",
            "2": "reód"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Irish: reód",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Irish: reód"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ga",
            "2": "reo"
          },
          "expansion": "Irish: reo",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Irish: reo"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gv",
            "2": "rio"
          },
          "expansion": "Manx: rio",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Manx: rio"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gd",
            "2": "reòth"
          },
          "expansion": "Scottish Gaelic: reòth",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scottish Gaelic: reòth"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*ɸreswos"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *ɸreswos",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*prews-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *prews-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "freeze"
      },
      "expansion": "English freeze",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "pruina",
        "3": "",
        "4": "hoar-frost"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin pruina (“hoar-frost”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Derived somehow from Proto-Celtic *ɸreswos, from Proto-Indo-European *prews-. Cognate with English freeze and Latin pruina (“hoar-frost”). Matasović posits an immediate preform *ɸreswotos to account for the Goidelic forms, but it would result in **refud instead as the usual reflex of *-sw- in Old Irish is -f-.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sga-decl-o-masc",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "réud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "réud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ríuid",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ríuid",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "stem",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "réud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "stem",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "réudu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "stem",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "réud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "réud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "réudu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ríuid",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "réud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "réud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "réud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "réudaib",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "réudaib",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sga-mutation",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "réud",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "mutation",
        "mutation-radical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "also rréud after a proclitic",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "mutation",
        "mutation-radical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "réud",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "mutation",
        "mutation-nasal"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "10": "",
        "11": "",
        "12": "",
        "13": "",
        "14": "{{{3}}}",
        "15": "",
        "16": "{{{pl2}}}",
        "17": "",
        "18": "{{{pl3}}}",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "{{{2}}}",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "9": "",
        "cat2": "",
        "g": "m",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "réud m",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "réud m",
      "name": "sga-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ríuid"
      },
      "name": "sga-decl-o-masc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "acc_du": "réud+L",
        "acc_du2": "",
        "acc_du3": "",
        "acc_pl": "réudu+H",
        "acc_pl2": "",
        "acc_pl3": "",
        "acc_sg": "réud+N",
        "acc_sg2": "",
        "acc_sg3": "",
        "class": "o-m",
        "dat_du": "réudaib",
        "dat_du2": "",
        "dat_du3": "",
        "dat_pl": "réudaib",
        "dat_pl2": "",
        "dat_pl3": "",
        "dat_sg": "réud+L",
        "dat_sg2": "",
        "dat_sg3": "",
        "gen_du": "réud",
        "gen_du2": "",
        "gen_du3": "",
        "gen_pl": "réud+N",
        "gen_pl2": "",
        "gen_pl3": "",
        "gen_pl4": "",
        "gen_sg": "ríuid+L",
        "gen_sg2": "",
        "gen_sg3": "",
        "n": "",
        "nom_du": "réud+L",
        "nom_du2": "",
        "nom_du3": "",
        "nom_pl": "ríuid+L",
        "nom_pl2": "",
        "nom_pl3": "",
        "nom_sg": "réud",
        "nom_sg2": "",
        "nom_sg3": "",
        "voc_du": "réud+L",
        "voc_du2": "",
        "voc_du3": "",
        "voc_pl": "réudu+H",
        "voc_pl2": "",
        "voc_pl3": "",
        "voc_sg": "ríuid",
        "voc_sg2": "",
        "voc_sg3": ""
      },
      "name": "sga-decl-noun"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "r",
        "2": "éud"
      },
      "name": "sga-mutation"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Irish",
  "lang_code": "sga",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
        "Old Irish entries with topic categories using raw markup",
        "Old Irish lemmas",
        "Old Irish masculine nouns",
        "Old Irish masculine o-stem nouns",
        "Old Irish nouns",
        "Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
        "Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Old Irish terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Old Irish terms with redundant sortkeys",
        "Pages with raw sortkeys",
        "sga:Weather"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "frost"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "frost",
          "frost"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/r͈ʲeːu̯ð/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "réud"
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/2466",
  "msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Old Irish]; cleaned text: Initial mutations of a following adjective: *ᴴ = triggers aspiration *ᴸ = triggers lenition *ᴺ = triggers nasalization",
  "path": [
    "réud"
  ],
  "section": "Old Irish",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "réud",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old Irish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-24 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (46b31b8 and c7ea76d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.