"réud" meaning in All languages combined

See réud on Wiktionary

Noun [Old Irish]

IPA: [r͈ʲeːu̯ð]
Etymology: Derived somehow from Proto-Celtic *ɸreswos, from Proto-Indo-European *prews-. Cognate with English freeze and Latin pruina (“hoar-frost”). Matasović posits an immediate preform *ɸreswotos to account for the Goidelic forms, but it would result in ^×refud instead as the usual reflex of intervocalic *-sw- in Old Irish is -f-. On the other hand, *ɸresw-tos > *ɸresutos is a viable pre-form. Etymology templates: {{der|sga|cel-pro|*ɸreswos}} Proto-Celtic *ɸreswos, {{der|sga|ine-pro|*prews-}} Proto-Indo-European *prews-, {{cog|en|freeze}} English freeze, {{cog|la|pruina||hoar-frost}} Latin pruina (“hoar-frost”), {{sup|×}} ^× Head templates: {{head|sga|noun||||{{{2}}}||||||||{{{3}}}||{{{pl2}}}||{{{pl3}}}|cat2=|g=m|g2=|g3=|head=|sort=}} réud m, {{sga-noun|m}} réud m Inflection templates: {{sga-decl-o-masc|ríuid}}, {{sga-decl-noun|acc_du=réud+L|acc_du2=|acc_du3=|acc_pl=réudu+H|acc_pl2=|acc_pl3=|acc_sg=réud+N|acc_sg2=|acc_sg3=|class=o-m|dat_du=réudaib|dat_du2=|dat_du3=|dat_pl=réudaib|dat_pl2=|dat_pl3=|dat_sg=réud+L|dat_sg2=|dat_sg3=|gen_du=réud|gen_du2=|gen_du3=|gen_pl=réud+N|gen_pl2=|gen_pl3=|gen_pl4=|gen_sg=ríuid+L|gen_sg2=|gen_sg3=|n=|nom_du=réud+L|nom_du2=|nom_du3=|nom_pl=ríuid+L|nom_pl2=|nom_pl3=|nom_sg=réud|nom_sg2=|nom_sg3=|voc_du=réud+L|voc_du2=|voc_du3=|voc_pl=réudu+H|voc_pl2=|voc_pl3=|voc_sg=ríuid|voc_sg2=|voc_sg3=}}, {{sga-mutation|r|éud}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], réud [masculine, nominative, singular, stem], réud [dual, masculine, nominative, stem], ríuid [masculine, nominative, plural, stem], ríuid [masculine, singular, stem, vocative], réud [dual, masculine, stem, vocative], réudu [masculine, plural, stem, vocative], réud [accusative, masculine, singular, stem], réud [accusative, dual, masculine, stem], réudu [accusative, masculine, plural, stem], ríuid [genitive, masculine, singular, stem], réud [dual, genitive, masculine, stem], réud [genitive, masculine, plural, stem], réud [dative, masculine, singular, stem], réudaib [dative, dual, masculine, stem], réudaib [dative, masculine, plural, stem], no-table-tags [table-tags], réud [mutation, mutation-radical], also rréud after a proclitic [mutation, mutation-radical], ending in a vowel [mutation, mutation-radical], réud [mutation, mutation-nasal]
  1. frost Tags: masculine Categories (topical): Atmospheric phenomena
    Sense id: en-réud-sga-noun-178Mnqbq Categories (other): Old Irish entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 1 entry
     
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mga",
            "2": "reód"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Irish: reód",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Irish: reód"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ga",
            "2": "reo"
          },
          "expansion": "Irish: reo",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Irish: reo"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gv",
            "2": "rio"
          },
          "expansion": "Manx: rio",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Manx: rio"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gd",
            "2": "reòth"
          },
          "expansion": "Scottish Gaelic: reòth",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scottish Gaelic: reòth"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*ɸreswos"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *ɸreswos",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*prews-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *prews-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "freeze"
      },
      "expansion": "English freeze",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "pruina",
        "3": "",
        "4": "hoar-frost"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin pruina (“hoar-frost”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "×"
      },
      "expansion": "^×",
      "name": "sup"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Derived somehow from Proto-Celtic *ɸreswos, from Proto-Indo-European *prews-. Cognate with English freeze and Latin pruina (“hoar-frost”). Matasović posits an immediate preform *ɸreswotos to account for the Goidelic forms, but it would result in ^×refud instead as the usual reflex of intervocalic *-sw- in Old Irish is -f-. On the other hand, *ɸresw-tos > *ɸresutos is a viable pre-form.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sga-decl-o-masc",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "réud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "réud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ríuid",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ríuid",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "stem",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "réud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "stem",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "réudu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "stem",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "réud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "réud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "réudu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ríuid",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "réud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "réud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "réud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "réudaib",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "réudaib",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sga-mutation",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "réud",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "mutation",
        "mutation-radical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "also rréud after a proclitic",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "mutation",
        "mutation-radical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ending in a vowel",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "mutation",
        "mutation-radical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "réud",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "mutation",
        "mutation-nasal"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "10": "",
        "11": "",
        "12": "",
        "13": "",
        "14": "{{{3}}}",
        "15": "",
        "16": "{{{pl2}}}",
        "17": "",
        "18": "{{{pl3}}}",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "{{{2}}}",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "9": "",
        "cat2": "",
        "g": "m",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "réud m",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "réud m",
      "name": "sga-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ríuid"
      },
      "name": "sga-decl-o-masc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "acc_du": "réud+L",
        "acc_du2": "",
        "acc_du3": "",
        "acc_pl": "réudu+H",
        "acc_pl2": "",
        "acc_pl3": "",
        "acc_sg": "réud+N",
        "acc_sg2": "",
        "acc_sg3": "",
        "class": "o-m",
        "dat_du": "réudaib",
        "dat_du2": "",
        "dat_du3": "",
        "dat_pl": "réudaib",
        "dat_pl2": "",
        "dat_pl3": "",
        "dat_sg": "réud+L",
        "dat_sg2": "",
        "dat_sg3": "",
        "gen_du": "réud",
        "gen_du2": "",
        "gen_du3": "",
        "gen_pl": "réud+N",
        "gen_pl2": "",
        "gen_pl3": "",
        "gen_pl4": "",
        "gen_sg": "ríuid+L",
        "gen_sg2": "",
        "gen_sg3": "",
        "n": "",
        "nom_du": "réud+L",
        "nom_du2": "",
        "nom_du3": "",
        "nom_pl": "ríuid+L",
        "nom_pl2": "",
        "nom_pl3": "",
        "nom_sg": "réud",
        "nom_sg2": "",
        "nom_sg3": "",
        "voc_du": "réud+L",
        "voc_du2": "",
        "voc_du3": "",
        "voc_pl": "réudu+H",
        "voc_pl2": "",
        "voc_pl3": "",
        "voc_sg": "ríuid",
        "voc_sg2": "",
        "voc_sg3": ""
      },
      "name": "sga-decl-noun"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "r",
        "2": "éud"
      },
      "name": "sga-mutation"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Irish",
  "lang_code": "sga",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "sga",
          "name": "Atmospheric phenomena",
          "orig": "sga:Atmospheric phenomena",
          "parents": [
            "Atmosphere",
            "Nature",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "frost"
      ],
      "id": "en-réud-sga-noun-178Mnqbq",
      "links": [
        [
          "frost",
          "frost"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[r͈ʲeːu̯ð]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "réud"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mga",
            "2": "reód"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Irish: reód",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Irish: reód"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ga",
            "2": "reo"
          },
          "expansion": "Irish: reo",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Irish: reo"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gv",
            "2": "rio"
          },
          "expansion": "Manx: rio",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Manx: rio"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gd",
            "2": "reòth"
          },
          "expansion": "Scottish Gaelic: reòth",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scottish Gaelic: reòth"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*ɸreswos"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *ɸreswos",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*prews-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *prews-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "freeze"
      },
      "expansion": "English freeze",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "pruina",
        "3": "",
        "4": "hoar-frost"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin pruina (“hoar-frost”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "×"
      },
      "expansion": "^×",
      "name": "sup"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Derived somehow from Proto-Celtic *ɸreswos, from Proto-Indo-European *prews-. Cognate with English freeze and Latin pruina (“hoar-frost”). Matasović posits an immediate preform *ɸreswotos to account for the Goidelic forms, but it would result in ^×refud instead as the usual reflex of intervocalic *-sw- in Old Irish is -f-. On the other hand, *ɸresw-tos > *ɸresutos is a viable pre-form.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sga-decl-o-masc",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "réud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "réud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ríuid",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ríuid",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "stem",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "réud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "stem",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "réudu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "stem",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "réud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "réud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "réudu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ríuid",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "réud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "réud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "réud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "réudaib",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "réudaib",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sga-mutation",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "réud",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "mutation",
        "mutation-radical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "also rréud after a proclitic",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "mutation",
        "mutation-radical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ending in a vowel",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "mutation",
        "mutation-radical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "réud",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "mutation",
        "mutation-nasal"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "10": "",
        "11": "",
        "12": "",
        "13": "",
        "14": "{{{3}}}",
        "15": "",
        "16": "{{{pl2}}}",
        "17": "",
        "18": "{{{pl3}}}",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "{{{2}}}",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "9": "",
        "cat2": "",
        "g": "m",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "réud m",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "réud m",
      "name": "sga-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ríuid"
      },
      "name": "sga-decl-o-masc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "acc_du": "réud+L",
        "acc_du2": "",
        "acc_du3": "",
        "acc_pl": "réudu+H",
        "acc_pl2": "",
        "acc_pl3": "",
        "acc_sg": "réud+N",
        "acc_sg2": "",
        "acc_sg3": "",
        "class": "o-m",
        "dat_du": "réudaib",
        "dat_du2": "",
        "dat_du3": "",
        "dat_pl": "réudaib",
        "dat_pl2": "",
        "dat_pl3": "",
        "dat_sg": "réud+L",
        "dat_sg2": "",
        "dat_sg3": "",
        "gen_du": "réud",
        "gen_du2": "",
        "gen_du3": "",
        "gen_pl": "réud+N",
        "gen_pl2": "",
        "gen_pl3": "",
        "gen_pl4": "",
        "gen_sg": "ríuid+L",
        "gen_sg2": "",
        "gen_sg3": "",
        "n": "",
        "nom_du": "réud+L",
        "nom_du2": "",
        "nom_du3": "",
        "nom_pl": "ríuid+L",
        "nom_pl2": "",
        "nom_pl3": "",
        "nom_sg": "réud",
        "nom_sg2": "",
        "nom_sg3": "",
        "voc_du": "réud+L",
        "voc_du2": "",
        "voc_du3": "",
        "voc_pl": "réudu+H",
        "voc_pl2": "",
        "voc_pl3": "",
        "voc_sg": "ríuid",
        "voc_sg2": "",
        "voc_sg3": ""
      },
      "name": "sga-decl-noun"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "r",
        "2": "éud"
      },
      "name": "sga-mutation"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Irish",
  "lang_code": "sga",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
        "Old Irish lemmas",
        "Old Irish masculine nouns",
        "Old Irish masculine o-stem nouns",
        "Old Irish nouns",
        "Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
        "Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "sga:Atmospheric phenomena"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "frost"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "frost",
          "frost"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[r͈ʲeːu̯ð]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "réud"
}

Download raw JSONL data for réud meaning in All languages combined (5.5kB)

{
  "called_from": "inflection/2466",
  "msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Old Irish]; cleaned text: Initial mutations of a following adjective: *ᴴ = triggers aspiration *ᴸ = triggers lenition *ᴺ = triggers nasalization",
  "path": [
    "réud"
  ],
  "section": "Old Irish",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "réud",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-09-22 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-09-20 using wiktextract (af5c55c and 66545a6). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.