See ná in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "ná",
"id": "don't"
},
"expansion": "Middle Irish: ná",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Irish: ná"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "ná",
"id": "don't"
},
"expansion": "Irish: ná",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Irish: ná"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "don't"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*ne"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *ne",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ne",
"t": "not"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ne (“not”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*nā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *nā",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"alt": "*nó-h₁"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *nó-h₁",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain. According to Matasović originally short /na/, from Proto-Celtic *ne, from Proto-Indo-European *ne (“not”). According to Dunkel from Proto-Celtic *nā, from Proto-Indo-European *nó-h₁, from *ne + adverbial suffix *-h₁. In Old Irish the expected outcome would be *nú in a final syllable. The variant with á would adopted from originally disyllabic forms like nád (relative) and nách (before infixed pronoun).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "particle",
"3": "triggers /h/-prothesis",
"cat2": "negative particles"
},
"expansion": "ná (triggers /h/-prothesis)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "particle",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "42 58",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Irish negative particles",
"parents": [
"Negative particles",
"Particles",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Irish particles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Do not be in fellowship with them, for there is fruit with works of light, i.e. praemia aeterna. There is nothing [with works of darkness], however, save infructuosa.",
"text": "Ná bíth i cobadlus doïb, ar atá torad la gnímu soilse .i. praemia aeterna ní ḟil immurgu acht infructuosa.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Since we are children of day and light, let us not follow these things.",
"text": "Hóre ammi maicc laí et soilse, ná seichem nahísiu.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Do not show patience.",
"text": "Ná déne ainmnit.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"don’t, let…not (particle used to introduce a negative imperative)"
],
"id": "en-ná-sga-particle-LV4a152t",
"links": [
[
"don’t",
"don’t"
],
[
"let",
"let"
],
[
"not",
"not"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "nách"
},
{
"english": "before an infixed pronoun",
"word": "nach"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/n͈aː/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "na"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme"
],
"word": "ná"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "ná",
"id": "nor"
},
"expansion": "Middle Irish: ná",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Irish: ná"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "ná",
"id": "nor"
},
"expansion": "Irish: ná",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Irish: ná"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "nor"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"alt": "*nāwe",
"t": "or not"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *nāwe (“or not”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"alt": "*nó-h₁",
"t": "not"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *nó-h₁ (“not”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Maybe from Proto-Celtic *nāwe (“or not”), from Proto-Indo-European *nó-h₁ (“not”) + *-we (“or”). Compare nó (“or”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "conjunction",
"3": "triggers /h/-prothesis",
"cat2": "negative particles"
},
"expansion": "ná (triggers /h/-prothesis)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "conj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Irish negative polarity items",
"parents": [
"Negative polarity items",
"Terms by semantic function"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "75 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"or, nor"
],
"id": "en-ná-sga-conj-2zCNFEZ4",
"links": [
[
"or",
"or"
],
[
"nor",
"nor"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly in the negative) or, nor"
],
"raw_tags": [
"in the negative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/n͈aː/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "na"
}
],
"word": "ná"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Irish conjunctions",
"Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Irish lemmas",
"Old Irish negative particles",
"Old Irish particles",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
"Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Irish terms with unknown etymologies",
"Pages with 14 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"vi:Weapons"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "ná",
"id": "don't"
},
"expansion": "Middle Irish: ná",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Irish: ná"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "ná",
"id": "don't"
},
"expansion": "Irish: ná",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Irish: ná"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "don't"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*ne"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *ne",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ne",
"t": "not"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ne (“not”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*nā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *nā",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"alt": "*nó-h₁"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *nó-h₁",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain. According to Matasović originally short /na/, from Proto-Celtic *ne, from Proto-Indo-European *ne (“not”). According to Dunkel from Proto-Celtic *nā, from Proto-Indo-European *nó-h₁, from *ne + adverbial suffix *-h₁. In Old Irish the expected outcome would be *nú in a final syllable. The variant with á would adopted from originally disyllabic forms like nád (relative) and nách (before infixed pronoun).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "particle",
"3": "triggers /h/-prothesis",
"cat2": "negative particles"
},
"expansion": "ná (triggers /h/-prothesis)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "particle",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old Irish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Do not be in fellowship with them, for there is fruit with works of light, i.e. praemia aeterna. There is nothing [with works of darkness], however, save infructuosa.",
"text": "Ná bíth i cobadlus doïb, ar atá torad la gnímu soilse .i. praemia aeterna ní ḟil immurgu acht infructuosa.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Since we are children of day and light, let us not follow these things.",
"text": "Hóre ammi maicc laí et soilse, ná seichem nahísiu.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Do not show patience.",
"text": "Ná déne ainmnit.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"don’t, let…not (particle used to introduce a negative imperative)"
],
"links": [
[
"don’t",
"don’t"
],
[
"let",
"let"
],
[
"not",
"not"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/n͈aː/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "na"
},
{
"word": "nách"
},
{
"english": "before an infixed pronoun",
"word": "nach"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme"
],
"word": "ná"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Irish conjunctions",
"Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Irish lemmas",
"Old Irish negative particles",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
"Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Pages with 14 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"vi:Weapons"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "ná",
"id": "nor"
},
"expansion": "Middle Irish: ná",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Irish: ná"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "ná",
"id": "nor"
},
"expansion": "Irish: ná",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Irish: ná"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "nor"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"alt": "*nāwe",
"t": "or not"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *nāwe (“or not”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"alt": "*nó-h₁",
"t": "not"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *nó-h₁ (“not”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Maybe from Proto-Celtic *nāwe (“or not”), from Proto-Indo-European *nó-h₁ (“not”) + *-we (“or”). Compare nó (“or”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "conjunction",
"3": "triggers /h/-prothesis",
"cat2": "negative particles"
},
"expansion": "ná (triggers /h/-prothesis)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "conj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old Irish negative polarity items"
],
"glosses": [
"or, nor"
],
"links": [
[
"or",
"or"
],
[
"nor",
"nor"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly in the negative) or, nor"
],
"raw_tags": [
"in the negative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/n͈aː/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "na"
}
],
"word": "ná"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ná meaning in Old Irish (4.9kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: triggers /h/-prothesis",
"path": [
"ná"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "particle",
"title": "ná",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: triggers /h/-prothesis",
"path": [
"ná"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "conjunction",
"title": "ná",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old Irish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (05fdf6b and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.