"mall" meaning in Old Irish

See mall in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /ˈmal͈/
Etymology: From Proto-Celtic *malnos (“slow, lazy”), of uncertain derivation, but perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *mel- (“to be late, hesitate”) + *-nós; compare Ancient Greek μέλλω (méllō, “be late”). Etymology templates: {{inh|sga|cel-pro|*malnos||slow, lazy}} Proto-Celtic *malnos (“slow, lazy”), {{unc|sga|nocap=1}} uncertain, {{der|sga|ine-pro|*mel-||to be late, hesitate}} Proto-Indo-European *mel- (“to be late, hesitate”), {{cog|grc|μέλλω|t=be late}} Ancient Greek μέλλω (méllō, “be late”) Head templates: {{head|sga|adjective|||comparative|mailliu|superlative|maillem|head=}} mall (comparative mailliu, superlative maillem), {{sga-adj|comp=mailliu|sup=maillem}} mall (comparative mailliu, superlative maillem) Inflection templates: {{sga-decl-adj-o-a|dsm=maull|gsm=maill}}, {{sga-decl-adj-table|acc_f_sg=maill|acc_m_pl=mallu malla†|acc_m_sg=mall|dat_f_sg=maill|dat_m_sg=maull|dat_n_sg=maull|dat_pl=mallaib|gen_f_sg=maille|gen_m_sg=maill|gen_n_sg=maill|gen_pl=mall|info=o/ā-stem|nom_f_sg=mall|nom_fn_pl=malla|nom_m_pl=maill|nom_m_sg=mall|nom_n_sg=mall|notes=*modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative **modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative † not when substantivized|voc_m_pl=mallu malla†|voc_m_sg=maill* mall**}} Forms: mailliu [comparative], maillem [superlative], no-table-tags [table-tags], mall [masculine, nominative, singular], mall [feminine, nominative, singular], mall [neuter, nominative, singular], maill [masculine, singular, vocative], mall [masculine, singular, vocative], mall [feminine, singular, vocative], mall [neuter, singular, vocative], mall [accusative, masculine, singular], maill [accusative, feminine, singular], mall [accusative, neuter, singular], maill [genitive, masculine, singular], maille [feminine, genitive, singular], maill [genitive, neuter, singular], maull [dative, masculine, singular], maill [dative, feminine, singular], maull [dative, neuter, singular], maill [masculine, nominative, plural], malla [feminine, neuter, nominative, plural], mallu [masculine, plural, vocative], malla [masculine, plural, vocative], malla [feminine, neuter, plural, vocative], mallu [accusative, masculine, plural], malla [accusative, masculine, plural], malla [accusative, feminine, neuter, plural], mall [feminine, genitive, masculine, neuter, plural], mallaib [dative, feminine, masculine, neuter, plural], no-table-tags [table-tags], mall [error-unrecognized-form], also mmall after a proclitic [error-unrecognized-form], ending in a vowel [error-unrecognized-form]
  1. slow
    Sense id: en-mall-sga-adj-Xgz3vR36
  2. tardy, late
    Sense id: en-mall-sga-adj-MQOchUUg Categories (other): Old Irish entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Old Irish entries with incorrect language header: 11 89
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: utmall
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "utmall"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mga",
            "2": "mall"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Irish: mall",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Irish: mall"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ga",
            "2": "mall"
          },
          "expansion": "Irish: mall",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Irish: mall"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gv",
            "2": "moal"
          },
          "expansion": "Manx: moal",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Manx: moal"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gd",
            "2": "mall"
          },
          "expansion": "Scottish Gaelic: mall",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scottish Gaelic: mall"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*malnos",
        "4": "",
        "5": "slow, lazy"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *malnos (“slow, lazy”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "uncertain",
      "name": "unc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*mel-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to be late, hesitate"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *mel- (“to be late, hesitate”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "μέλλω",
        "t": "be late"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek μέλλω (méllō, “be late”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *malnos (“slow, lazy”), of uncertain derivation, but perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *mel- (“to be late, hesitate”) + *-nós; compare Ancient Greek μέλλω (méllō, “be late”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "mailliu",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "maillem",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sga-decl-adj-o-a",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "o/ā-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mall",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mall",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mall",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "maill",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mall",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mall",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mall",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mall",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "maill",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mall",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "maill",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "maille",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "maill",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "maull",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "maill",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "maull",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "maill",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malla",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mallu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malla",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malla",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mallu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malla",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malla",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mall",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mallaib",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mall",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "also mmall after a proclitic",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ending in a vowel",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "adjective",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "comparative",
        "6": "mailliu",
        "7": "superlative",
        "8": "maillem",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "mall (comparative mailliu, superlative maillem)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "comp": "mailliu",
        "sup": "maillem"
      },
      "expansion": "mall (comparative mailliu, superlative maillem)",
      "name": "sga-adj"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "dsm": "maull",
        "gsm": "maill"
      },
      "name": "sga-decl-adj-o-a"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "acc_f_sg": "maill",
        "acc_m_pl": "mallu\nmalla†",
        "acc_m_sg": "mall",
        "dat_f_sg": "maill",
        "dat_m_sg": "maull",
        "dat_n_sg": "maull",
        "dat_pl": "mallaib",
        "gen_f_sg": "maille",
        "gen_m_sg": "maill",
        "gen_n_sg": "maill",
        "gen_pl": "mall",
        "info": "o/ā-stem",
        "nom_f_sg": "mall",
        "nom_fn_pl": "malla",
        "nom_m_pl": "maill",
        "nom_m_sg": "mall",
        "nom_n_sg": "mall",
        "notes": "*modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative\n**modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative\n† not when substantivized",
        "voc_m_pl": "mallu\nmalla†",
        "voc_m_sg": "maill*\nmall**"
      },
      "name": "sga-decl-adj-table"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Irish",
  "lang_code": "sga",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "[The men] who arrived [on foot] were no slower than the men on chariots.",
          "text": "Nirbo mailli[u] do·lotar olmbátar in charpait.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "slow"
      ],
      "id": "en-mall-sga-adj-Xgz3vR36",
      "links": [
        [
          "slow",
          "slow"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "11 89",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Help will come, although it may be slow to do so. [The help] will be good, however, when it does arrive.",
          "text": "Dos·n-icfa cobir, cid mall. Bith maith immurgu intain dond·iccfa.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "tardy, late"
      ],
      "id": "en-mall-sga-adj-MQOchUUg",
      "links": [
        [
          "tardy",
          "tardy"
        ],
        [
          "late",
          "late"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈmal͈/"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Brill Publishers"
  ],
  "word": "mall"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Old Irish adjectives",
    "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old Irish lemmas",
    "Old Irish o/ā-stem adjectives",
    "Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
    "Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
    "Old Irish terms with unknown etymologies",
    "Pages with 12 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "utmall"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mga",
            "2": "mall"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Irish: mall",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Irish: mall"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ga",
            "2": "mall"
          },
          "expansion": "Irish: mall",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Irish: mall"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gv",
            "2": "moal"
          },
          "expansion": "Manx: moal",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Manx: moal"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gd",
            "2": "mall"
          },
          "expansion": "Scottish Gaelic: mall",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scottish Gaelic: mall"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*malnos",
        "4": "",
        "5": "slow, lazy"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *malnos (“slow, lazy”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "uncertain",
      "name": "unc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*mel-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to be late, hesitate"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *mel- (“to be late, hesitate”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "μέλλω",
        "t": "be late"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek μέλλω (méllō, “be late”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *malnos (“slow, lazy”), of uncertain derivation, but perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *mel- (“to be late, hesitate”) + *-nós; compare Ancient Greek μέλλω (méllō, “be late”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "mailliu",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "maillem",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sga-decl-adj-o-a",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "o/ā-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mall",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mall",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mall",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "maill",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mall",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mall",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mall",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mall",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "maill",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mall",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "maill",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "maille",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "maill",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "maull",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "maill",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "maull",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "maill",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malla",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mallu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malla",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malla",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mallu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malla",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malla",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mall",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mallaib",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mall",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "also mmall after a proclitic",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ending in a vowel",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "adjective",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "comparative",
        "6": "mailliu",
        "7": "superlative",
        "8": "maillem",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "mall (comparative mailliu, superlative maillem)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "comp": "mailliu",
        "sup": "maillem"
      },
      "expansion": "mall (comparative mailliu, superlative maillem)",
      "name": "sga-adj"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "dsm": "maull",
        "gsm": "maill"
      },
      "name": "sga-decl-adj-o-a"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "acc_f_sg": "maill",
        "acc_m_pl": "mallu\nmalla†",
        "acc_m_sg": "mall",
        "dat_f_sg": "maill",
        "dat_m_sg": "maull",
        "dat_n_sg": "maull",
        "dat_pl": "mallaib",
        "gen_f_sg": "maille",
        "gen_m_sg": "maill",
        "gen_n_sg": "maill",
        "gen_pl": "mall",
        "info": "o/ā-stem",
        "nom_f_sg": "mall",
        "nom_fn_pl": "malla",
        "nom_m_pl": "maill",
        "nom_m_sg": "mall",
        "nom_n_sg": "mall",
        "notes": "*modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative\n**modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative\n† not when substantivized",
        "voc_m_pl": "mallu\nmalla†",
        "voc_m_sg": "maill*\nmall**"
      },
      "name": "sga-decl-adj-table"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Irish",
  "lang_code": "sga",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Old Irish terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "[The men] who arrived [on foot] were no slower than the men on chariots.",
          "text": "Nirbo mailli[u] do·lotar olmbátar in charpait.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "slow"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "slow",
          "slow"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Old Irish terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Help will come, although it may be slow to do so. [The help] will be good, however, when it does arrive.",
          "text": "Dos·n-icfa cobir, cid mall. Bith maith immurgu intain dond·iccfa.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "tardy, late"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "tardy",
          "tardy"
        ],
        [
          "late",
          "late"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈmal͈/"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Brill Publishers"
  ],
  "word": "mall"
}

Download raw JSONL data for mall meaning in Old Irish (6.6kB)

{
  "called_from": "inflection/865",
  "msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: mall/Old Irish 'radical' base_tags=set()",
  "path": [
    "mall"
  ],
  "section": "Old Irish",
  "subsection": "adjective",
  "title": "mall",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'lenition'",
  "path": [
    "mall"
  ],
  "section": "Old Irish",
  "subsection": "adjective",
  "title": "mall",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'nasalization'",
  "path": [
    "mall"
  ],
  "section": "Old Irish",
  "subsection": "adjective",
  "title": "mall",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old Irish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.