See ler in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "lear"
},
"expansion": "Irish: lear",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Irish: lear"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "lear"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic: lear",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scottish Gaelic: lear"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*liros"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *liros",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "qfa-sub",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "substrate",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*leyH-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *leyH-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "llŷr"
},
"expansion": "Welsh llŷr",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *liros, either borrowed from an unknown substrate language or from Proto-Indo-European *leyH-. Cognate with Welsh llŷr.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lir",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-decl-o-masc",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ler",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ler",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "lir",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lir",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ler",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "liru",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ler",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ler",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "liru",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lir",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ler",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ler",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "liur",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "leraib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "leraib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-decl-o-neut",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ler",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ler",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "ler",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lera",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ler",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ler",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ler",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lera",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ler",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ler",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "ler",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lera",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lir",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ler",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ler",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "liur",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "leraib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "leraib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ler",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "also ller after a proclitic",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ending in a vowel",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "{{{3}}}",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{pl2}}}",
"17": "",
"18": "{{{pl3}}}",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "genitive",
"6": "lir",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "n",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "ler m or n (genitive lir)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "lir",
"g2": "n"
},
"expansion": "ler m or n (genitive lir)",
"name": "sga-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lir",
"acc_pl": "liru",
"dat_sg": "liur"
},
"name": "sga-decl-o-masc"
},
{
"args": {
"acc_du": "ler+L",
"acc_du2": "",
"acc_du3": "",
"acc_pl": "liru+H",
"acc_pl2": "",
"acc_pl3": "",
"acc_sg": "ler+N",
"acc_sg2": "",
"acc_sg3": "",
"class": "o-m",
"dat_du": "leraib",
"dat_du2": "",
"dat_du3": "",
"dat_pl": "leraib",
"dat_pl2": "",
"dat_pl3": "",
"dat_sg": "liur+L",
"dat_sg2": "",
"dat_sg3": "",
"gen_du": "ler",
"gen_du2": "",
"gen_du3": "",
"gen_pl": "ler+N",
"gen_pl2": "",
"gen_pl3": "",
"gen_pl4": "",
"gen_sg": "lir+L",
"gen_sg2": "",
"gen_sg3": "",
"n": "",
"nom_du": "ler+L",
"nom_du2": "",
"nom_du3": "",
"nom_pl": "lir+L",
"nom_pl2": "",
"nom_pl3": "",
"nom_sg": "ler",
"nom_sg2": "",
"nom_sg3": "",
"voc_du": "ler+L",
"voc_du2": "",
"voc_du3": "",
"voc_pl": "liru+H",
"voc_pl2": "",
"voc_pl3": "",
"voc_sg": "lir",
"voc_sg2": "",
"voc_sg3": ""
},
"name": "sga-decl-noun"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lir",
"dat_sg": "liur"
},
"name": "sga-decl-o-neut"
},
{
"args": {
"acc_du": "ler+N",
"acc_du2": "",
"acc_du3": "",
"acc_pl": "ler+L",
"acc_pl2": "lera",
"acc_pl3": "",
"acc_sg": "ler+N",
"acc_sg2": "",
"acc_sg3": "",
"class": "o-n",
"dat_du": "leraib",
"dat_du2": "",
"dat_du3": "",
"dat_pl": "leraib",
"dat_pl2": "",
"dat_pl3": "",
"dat_sg": "liur+L",
"dat_sg2": "",
"dat_sg3": "",
"gen_du": "ler",
"gen_du2": "",
"gen_du3": "",
"gen_pl": "ler+N",
"gen_pl2": "",
"gen_pl3": "",
"gen_sg": "lir+L",
"gen_sg2": "",
"gen_sg3": "",
"n": "",
"nom_du": "ler+N",
"nom_du2": "",
"nom_du3": "",
"nom_pl": "ler+L",
"nom_pl2": "lera",
"nom_pl3": "",
"nom_sg": "ler+N",
"nom_sg2": "",
"nom_sg3": "",
"voc_du": "ler+N",
"voc_du2": "",
"voc_du3": "",
"voc_pl": "ler+L",
"voc_pl2": "lera",
"voc_pl3": "",
"voc_sg": "ler+N",
"voc_sg2": "",
"voc_sg3": ""
},
"name": "sga-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "88 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"sea, ocean"
],
"id": "en-ler-sga-noun-9~iFvwXM",
"links": [
[
"sea",
"sea"
],
[
"ocean",
"ocean"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(masculine) sea, ocean"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a lot, multitude, large number"
],
"id": "en-ler-sga-noun-5-6~8V-H",
"links": [
[
"lot",
"lot"
],
[
"multitude",
"multitude"
],
[
"large",
"large"
],
[
"number",
"number"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(neuter) a lot, multitude, large number"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈl͈ʲer/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "ler"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Irish lemmas",
"Old Irish masculine nouns",
"Old Irish masculine o-stem nouns",
"Old Irish neuter nouns",
"Old Irish neuter o-stem nouns",
"Old Irish nouns",
"Old Irish nouns with multiple genders",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Irish terms derived from substrate languages",
"Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
"Pages with 12 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "lear"
},
"expansion": "Irish: lear",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Irish: lear"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "lear"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic: lear",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scottish Gaelic: lear"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*liros"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *liros",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "qfa-sub",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "substrate",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*leyH-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *leyH-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "llŷr"
},
"expansion": "Welsh llŷr",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *liros, either borrowed from an unknown substrate language or from Proto-Indo-European *leyH-. Cognate with Welsh llŷr.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lir",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-decl-o-masc",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ler",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ler",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "lir",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lir",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ler",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "liru",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ler",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ler",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "liru",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lir",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ler",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ler",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "liur",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "leraib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "leraib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-decl-o-neut",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ler",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ler",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "ler",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lera",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ler",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ler",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ler",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lera",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ler",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ler",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "ler",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lera",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lir",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ler",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ler",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "liur",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "leraib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "leraib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ler",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "also ller after a proclitic",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ending in a vowel",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "{{{3}}}",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{pl2}}}",
"17": "",
"18": "{{{pl3}}}",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "genitive",
"6": "lir",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "n",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "ler m or n (genitive lir)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "lir",
"g2": "n"
},
"expansion": "ler m or n (genitive lir)",
"name": "sga-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lir",
"acc_pl": "liru",
"dat_sg": "liur"
},
"name": "sga-decl-o-masc"
},
{
"args": {
"acc_du": "ler+L",
"acc_du2": "",
"acc_du3": "",
"acc_pl": "liru+H",
"acc_pl2": "",
"acc_pl3": "",
"acc_sg": "ler+N",
"acc_sg2": "",
"acc_sg3": "",
"class": "o-m",
"dat_du": "leraib",
"dat_du2": "",
"dat_du3": "",
"dat_pl": "leraib",
"dat_pl2": "",
"dat_pl3": "",
"dat_sg": "liur+L",
"dat_sg2": "",
"dat_sg3": "",
"gen_du": "ler",
"gen_du2": "",
"gen_du3": "",
"gen_pl": "ler+N",
"gen_pl2": "",
"gen_pl3": "",
"gen_pl4": "",
"gen_sg": "lir+L",
"gen_sg2": "",
"gen_sg3": "",
"n": "",
"nom_du": "ler+L",
"nom_du2": "",
"nom_du3": "",
"nom_pl": "lir+L",
"nom_pl2": "",
"nom_pl3": "",
"nom_sg": "ler",
"nom_sg2": "",
"nom_sg3": "",
"voc_du": "ler+L",
"voc_du2": "",
"voc_du3": "",
"voc_pl": "liru+H",
"voc_pl2": "",
"voc_pl3": "",
"voc_sg": "lir",
"voc_sg2": "",
"voc_sg3": ""
},
"name": "sga-decl-noun"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lir",
"dat_sg": "liur"
},
"name": "sga-decl-o-neut"
},
{
"args": {
"acc_du": "ler+N",
"acc_du2": "",
"acc_du3": "",
"acc_pl": "ler+L",
"acc_pl2": "lera",
"acc_pl3": "",
"acc_sg": "ler+N",
"acc_sg2": "",
"acc_sg3": "",
"class": "o-n",
"dat_du": "leraib",
"dat_du2": "",
"dat_du3": "",
"dat_pl": "leraib",
"dat_pl2": "",
"dat_pl3": "",
"dat_sg": "liur+L",
"dat_sg2": "",
"dat_sg3": "",
"gen_du": "ler",
"gen_du2": "",
"gen_du3": "",
"gen_pl": "ler+N",
"gen_pl2": "",
"gen_pl3": "",
"gen_sg": "lir+L",
"gen_sg2": "",
"gen_sg3": "",
"n": "",
"nom_du": "ler+N",
"nom_du2": "",
"nom_du3": "",
"nom_pl": "ler+L",
"nom_pl2": "lera",
"nom_pl3": "",
"nom_sg": "ler+N",
"nom_sg2": "",
"nom_sg3": "",
"voc_du": "ler+N",
"voc_du2": "",
"voc_du3": "",
"voc_pl": "ler+L",
"voc_pl2": "lera",
"voc_pl3": "",
"voc_sg": "ler+N",
"voc_sg2": "",
"voc_sg3": ""
},
"name": "sga-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"sea, ocean"
],
"links": [
[
"sea",
"sea"
],
[
"ocean",
"ocean"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(masculine) sea, ocean"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a lot, multitude, large number"
],
"links": [
[
"lot",
"lot"
],
[
"multitude",
"multitude"
],
[
"large",
"large"
],
[
"number",
"number"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(neuter) a lot, multitude, large number"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈl͈ʲer/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "ler"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ler meaning in Old Irish (7.2kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: ler/Old Irish 'radical' base_tags=set()",
"path": [
"ler"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ler",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'lenition'",
"path": [
"ler"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ler",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'nasalization'",
"path": [
"ler"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ler",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old Irish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-21 using wiktextract (7c21d10 and f2e72e5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.