See gell in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "gellach"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "gellaid"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "forcell"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "gell"
},
"expansion": "Middle Irish: gell",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Irish: gell"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "geall"
},
"expansion": "Irish: geall",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Irish: geall"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "geall"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic: geall",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scottish Gaelic: geall"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "gillán",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Middle Irish: gillán",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Middle Irish: gillán"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʰeldʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*geldom",
"4": "",
"5": "pledge"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *geldom (“pledge”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʰeldʰ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰeldʰ-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*geldaną",
"3": "",
"4": "to pay"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *geldaną (“to pay”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *geldom (“pledge”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *gʰeldʰ- (compare Proto-Germanic *geldaną (“to pay”)).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-decl-o-neut",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "o-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Neuter o-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "gell",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gell",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "gell",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gella",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gell",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gell",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gell",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gella",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gell",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gell",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "gell",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gella",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gill",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gell",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "gell",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "giull",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gellaib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "gellaib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gell",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ngell",
"source": "mutation"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "{{{3}}}",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{pl2}}}",
"17": "",
"18": "{{{pl3}}}",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{2}}}",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"g": "n",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "gell n",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "n"
},
"expansion": "gell n",
"name": "sga-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gill",
"dat_sg": "giull"
},
"name": "sga-decl-o-neut"
},
{
"args": {
"acc_du": "gell+N",
"acc_du2": "",
"acc_du3": "",
"acc_pl": "gell+L",
"acc_pl2": "gella",
"acc_pl3": "",
"acc_sg": "gell+N",
"acc_sg2": "",
"acc_sg3": "",
"class": "o-n",
"dat_du": "gellaib",
"dat_du2": "",
"dat_du3": "",
"dat_pl": "gellaib",
"dat_pl2": "",
"dat_pl3": "",
"dat_sg": "giull+L",
"dat_sg2": "",
"dat_sg3": "",
"gen_du": "gell",
"gen_du2": "",
"gen_du3": "",
"gen_pl": "gell+N",
"gen_pl2": "",
"gen_pl3": "",
"gen_sg": "gill+L",
"gen_sg2": "",
"gen_sg3": "",
"n": "",
"nom_du": "gell+N",
"nom_du2": "",
"nom_du3": "",
"nom_pl": "gell+L",
"nom_pl2": "gella",
"nom_pl3": "",
"nom_sg": "gell+N",
"nom_sg2": "",
"nom_sg3": "",
"voc_du": "gell+N",
"voc_du2": "",
"voc_du3": "",
"voc_pl": "gell+L",
"voc_pl2": "gella",
"voc_pl3": "",
"voc_sg": "gell+N",
"voc_sg2": "",
"voc_sg3": ""
},
"name": "sga-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "40 36 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pledge, surety"
],
"id": "en-gell-sga-noun-6X4sVnSD",
"links": [
[
"pledge",
"pledge"
],
[
"surety",
"surety"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "40 36 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hostage"
],
"id": "en-gell-sga-noun-KuPPfUxJ",
"links": [
[
"hostage",
"hostage"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "40 36 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"stake, wager"
],
"id": "en-gell-sga-noun-bLOVcUIX",
"links": [
[
"stake",
"stake"
],
[
"wager",
"wager"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡʲel͈/"
}
],
"word": "gell"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Irish lemmas",
"Old Irish neuter nouns",
"Old Irish neuter o-stem nouns",
"Old Irish nouns",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Irish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʰeldʰ-",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "gellach"
},
{
"word": "gellaid"
},
{
"word": "forcell"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "gell"
},
"expansion": "Middle Irish: gell",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Irish: gell"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "geall"
},
"expansion": "Irish: geall",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Irish: geall"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "geall"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic: geall",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scottish Gaelic: geall"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "gillán",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Middle Irish: gillán",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Middle Irish: gillán"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʰeldʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*geldom",
"4": "",
"5": "pledge"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *geldom (“pledge”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʰeldʰ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰeldʰ-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*geldaną",
"3": "",
"4": "to pay"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *geldaną (“to pay”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *geldom (“pledge”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *gʰeldʰ- (compare Proto-Germanic *geldaną (“to pay”)).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-decl-o-neut",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "o-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Neuter o-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "gell",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gell",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "gell",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gella",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gell",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gell",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gell",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gella",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gell",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gell",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "gell",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gella",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gill",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gell",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "gell",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "giull",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gellaib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "gellaib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gell",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ngell",
"source": "mutation"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "{{{3}}}",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{pl2}}}",
"17": "",
"18": "{{{pl3}}}",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{2}}}",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"g": "n",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "gell n",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "n"
},
"expansion": "gell n",
"name": "sga-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gill",
"dat_sg": "giull"
},
"name": "sga-decl-o-neut"
},
{
"args": {
"acc_du": "gell+N",
"acc_du2": "",
"acc_du3": "",
"acc_pl": "gell+L",
"acc_pl2": "gella",
"acc_pl3": "",
"acc_sg": "gell+N",
"acc_sg2": "",
"acc_sg3": "",
"class": "o-n",
"dat_du": "gellaib",
"dat_du2": "",
"dat_du3": "",
"dat_pl": "gellaib",
"dat_pl2": "",
"dat_pl3": "",
"dat_sg": "giull+L",
"dat_sg2": "",
"dat_sg3": "",
"gen_du": "gell",
"gen_du2": "",
"gen_du3": "",
"gen_pl": "gell+N",
"gen_pl2": "",
"gen_pl3": "",
"gen_sg": "gill+L",
"gen_sg2": "",
"gen_sg3": "",
"n": "",
"nom_du": "gell+N",
"nom_du2": "",
"nom_du3": "",
"nom_pl": "gell+L",
"nom_pl2": "gella",
"nom_pl3": "",
"nom_sg": "gell+N",
"nom_sg2": "",
"nom_sg3": "",
"voc_du": "gell+N",
"voc_du2": "",
"voc_du3": "",
"voc_pl": "gell+L",
"voc_pl2": "gella",
"voc_pl3": "",
"voc_sg": "gell+N",
"voc_sg2": "",
"voc_sg3": ""
},
"name": "sga-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"pledge, surety"
],
"links": [
[
"pledge",
"pledge"
],
[
"surety",
"surety"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"hostage"
],
"links": [
[
"hostage",
"hostage"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"stake, wager"
],
"links": [
[
"stake",
"stake"
],
[
"wager",
"wager"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡʲel͈/"
}
],
"word": "gell"
}
Download raw JSONL data for gell meaning in Old Irish (5.2kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Old Irish]; cleaned text: Initial mutations of a following adjective: *ᴴ = triggers aspiration *ᴸ = triggers lenition *ᴺ = triggers nasalization",
"path": [
"gell"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "gell",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: gell/Old Irish 'radical' base_tags=set()",
"path": [
"gell"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "gell",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'lenition'",
"path": [
"gell"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "gell",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'nasalization'",
"path": [
"gell"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "gell",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/1826",
"msg": "inflection table: empty tags for ngell",
"path": [
"gell"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "gell",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old Irish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (eaedd02 and 8fbd9e8). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.