See co in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "co"
},
"expansion": "Middle Irish: co",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Irish: co"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "with"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*kom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *kom",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱóm",
"4": "",
"5": "next to, at, with, along"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm (“next to, at, with, along”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "ge-",
"3": "",
"4": "with"
},
"expansion": "German ge- (“with”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gain-"
},
"expansion": "English gain-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "con",
"3": "",
"4": "with"
},
"expansion": "Spanish con (“with”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *kom, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm (“next to, at, with, along”). Cognate with German ge- (“with”) (collective prefix) and gegen (“toward, against”), English gain-, Spanish con (“with”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ɔ",
"head_nr": 1,
"tags": [
"abbreviation"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "g",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "cono",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "preposition",
"3": "takes the dative",
"4": "",
"5": "triggers nasalization"
},
"expansion": "co (takes the dative, triggers nasalization)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"with"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-co-sga-prep-BpW1Y6ze",
"links": [
[
"with",
"with"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "la"
}
],
"tags": [
"triggers-mutation-nasal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ko]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "co"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "how"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "adverb",
"cat2": "interrogative adverbs"
},
"expansion": "co",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 11 9 9 12 21 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Irish prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "cote"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "How will my expedition be?",
"text": "Co·bbia mo ḟechtas?",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"how?"
],
"id": "en-co-sga-adv-0cMBReF7",
"links": [
[
"how",
"how"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ko]"
}
],
"word": "co"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "cosse"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "co"
},
"expansion": "Middle Irish: co, go\nIrish: chuig, chun, go\nScottish Gaelic: gu",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle Irish: co, go\nIrish: chuig, chun, go\nScottish Gaelic: gu"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "until"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*kʷuts",
"t": "to, towards"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *kʷuts (“to, towards”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "py",
"t": "to"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh py (“to”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "usquam",
"alt": "us-quam",
"t": "somewhere"
},
"expansion": "Latin us-quam (“somewhere”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": ",",
"name": ","
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osc",
"2": "𐌐𐌖𐌆",
"pos": "conjunction",
"t": "as, that"
},
"expansion": "Oscan 𐌐𐌖𐌆 (puz, “as, that”, conjunction)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*kʷ-",
"3": "*ku",
"t": "where"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ku (“where”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*kʷunkʷe"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *kʷunkʷe",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*-kʷe",
"alt1": "*kʷum",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "*kʷum + *-kʷe",
"name": "affix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*kъ(n)",
"t": "to, towards"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *kъ(n) (“to, towards”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *kʷuts (“to, towards”), cognate with Middle Welsh py (“to”). This may be from Proto-Italo-Celtic *kuts ‘some (of the) way’, whence Latin us-quam (“somewhere”), us-que (“all of the way”), and Oscan 𐌐𐌖𐌆 (puz, “as, that”, conjunction). See Proto-Indo-European *ku (“where”).\nThe inflected forms on the other hand are from Proto-Celtic *kʷunkʷe ← *kʷum + *-kʷe, for which compare Proto-Slavic *kъ(n) (“to, towards”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "g",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "cucum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cuccum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cucumsa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"emphatic",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cuccumsa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"emphatic",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cucut",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cuccut",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cucutsu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"emphatic",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cuccutsu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"emphatic",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cuci",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cucci",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cucai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cuccai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cucisom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"emphatic",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cuccisom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"emphatic",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cuice",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cuicce",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cuce",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cucce",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cucunn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cuccunn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cucuib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cuccuib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cucuibsi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"emphatic",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cuccuibsi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"emphatic",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cucu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cuccu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "preposition",
"3": "takes the accusative; triggers h-prothesis before vowels"
},
"expansion": "co (takes the accusative; triggers h-prothesis before vowels)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 11 9 9 12 21 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Irish prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to, toward"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-co-sga-prep-fSDqCc1V",
"links": [
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"toward",
"toward"
]
],
"tags": [
"before-vowel",
"triggers-h-prothesis"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 0 0 0 3 58 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 11 9 9 12 21 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Irish prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"up to, until"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-co-sga-prep-IYo5YssQ",
"links": [
[
"up to",
"up to"
],
[
"until",
"until"
]
],
"tags": [
"before-vowel",
"triggers-h-prothesis"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 8 7 7 9 15 42",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Irish accusative prepositions",
"parents": [
"Accusative prepositions",
"Prepositions",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 9 8 8 10 16 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Irish dative prepositions",
"parents": [
"Dative prepositions",
"Prepositions",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 11 9 9 12 21 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Irish prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used with the neuter accusative singular of an adjective to form an adverb: -ly"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-co-sga-prep-BQzd4vM-",
"links": [
[
"-ly",
"-ly"
],
[
"D. A. Binchy",
"w:D. A. Binchy"
],
[
"Osborn Bergin",
"w:Osborn Bergin"
]
],
"tags": [
"before-vowel",
"triggers-h-prothesis"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ko]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme",
"Proto-Italo-Celtic"
],
"word": "co"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "so that…not; corresponding to the nasalizing conjunction",
"word": "coní"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "so that…not; corresponding to the leniting conjunction",
"word": "conna"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "go"
},
"expansion": "Irish: go",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Irish: go"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "gu"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic: gu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scottish Gaelic: gu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gv",
"2": "dy"
},
"expansion": "Manx: dy",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manx: dy"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "until"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*kʷuts",
"t": "to, towards"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *kʷuts (“to, towards”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "py",
"t": "to"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh py (“to”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "usquam",
"alt": "us-quam",
"t": "somewhere"
},
"expansion": "Latin us-quam (“somewhere”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": ",",
"name": ","
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osc",
"2": "𐌐𐌖𐌆",
"pos": "conjunction",
"t": "as, that"
},
"expansion": "Oscan 𐌐𐌖𐌆 (puz, “as, that”, conjunction)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*kʷ-",
"3": "*ku",
"t": "where"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ku (“where”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*kʷunkʷe"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *kʷunkʷe",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*-kʷe",
"alt1": "*kʷum",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "*kʷum + *-kʷe",
"name": "affix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*kъ(n)",
"t": "to, towards"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *kъ(n) (“to, towards”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *kʷuts (“to, towards”), cognate with Middle Welsh py (“to”). This may be from Proto-Italo-Celtic *kuts ‘some (of the) way’, whence Latin us-quam (“somewhere”), us-que (“all of the way”), and Oscan 𐌐𐌖𐌆 (puz, “as, that”, conjunction). See Proto-Indo-European *ku (“where”).\nThe inflected forms on the other hand are from Proto-Celtic *kʷunkʷe ← *kʷum + *-kʷe, for which compare Proto-Slavic *kъ(n) (“to, towards”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ɔ",
"head_nr": 1,
"tags": [
"abbreviation"
]
},
{
"form": "con",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "conjunction",
"3": "triggers nasalization",
"4": "",
"5": "followed by the prototonic or conjunct form of a verb",
"6": "",
"7": "may be followed by an infixed pronoun"
},
"expansion": "co (triggers nasalization, followed by the prototonic or conjunct form of a verb, may be followed by an infixed pronoun)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "conj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 11 9 9 12 21 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Irish prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"until"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-co-sga-conj-LjIA3oS5",
"links": [
[
"until",
"until"
]
],
"tags": [
"triggers-mutation-nasal"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"so that"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-co-sga-conj-q2t6vl5J",
"links": [
[
"so that",
"so that"
]
],
"tags": [
"triggers-mutation-nasal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ko]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ara"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme",
"Proto-Italo-Celtic"
],
"word": "co"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Irish accusative prepositions",
"Old Irish conjunctions",
"Old Irish dative prepositions",
"Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Irish lemmas",
"Old Irish prepositions",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
"Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Pages with 30 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "co"
},
"expansion": "Middle Irish: co",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Irish: co"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "with"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*kom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *kom",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱóm",
"4": "",
"5": "next to, at, with, along"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm (“next to, at, with, along”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "ge-",
"3": "",
"4": "with"
},
"expansion": "German ge- (“with”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gain-"
},
"expansion": "English gain-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "con",
"3": "",
"4": "with"
},
"expansion": "Spanish con (“with”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *kom, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm (“next to, at, with, along”). Cognate with German ge- (“with”) (collective prefix) and gegen (“toward, against”), English gain-, Spanish con (“with”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ɔ",
"head_nr": 1,
"tags": [
"abbreviation"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "g",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "cono",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "preposition",
"3": "takes the dative",
"4": "",
"5": "triggers nasalization"
},
"expansion": "co (takes the dative, triggers nasalization)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"with"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"with",
"with"
]
],
"tags": [
"triggers-mutation-nasal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ko]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "la"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "co"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Irish accusative prepositions",
"Old Irish adverbs",
"Old Irish conjunctions",
"Old Irish dative prepositions",
"Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Irish interrogative adverbs",
"Old Irish lemmas",
"Old Irish prepositions",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
"Pages with 30 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "cote"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "how"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "adverb",
"cat2": "interrogative adverbs"
},
"expansion": "co",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old Irish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "How will my expedition be?",
"text": "Co·bbia mo ḟechtas?",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"how?"
],
"links": [
[
"how",
"how"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ko]"
}
],
"word": "co"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Irish accusative prepositions",
"Old Irish conjunctions",
"Old Irish dative prepositions",
"Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Irish lemmas",
"Old Irish prepositions",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
"Pages with 30 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "cosse"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "co"
},
"expansion": "Middle Irish: co, go\nIrish: chuig, chun, go\nScottish Gaelic: gu",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle Irish: co, go\nIrish: chuig, chun, go\nScottish Gaelic: gu"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "until"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*kʷuts",
"t": "to, towards"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *kʷuts (“to, towards”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "py",
"t": "to"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh py (“to”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "usquam",
"alt": "us-quam",
"t": "somewhere"
},
"expansion": "Latin us-quam (“somewhere”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": ",",
"name": ","
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osc",
"2": "𐌐𐌖𐌆",
"pos": "conjunction",
"t": "as, that"
},
"expansion": "Oscan 𐌐𐌖𐌆 (puz, “as, that”, conjunction)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*kʷ-",
"3": "*ku",
"t": "where"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ku (“where”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*kʷunkʷe"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *kʷunkʷe",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*-kʷe",
"alt1": "*kʷum",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "*kʷum + *-kʷe",
"name": "affix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*kъ(n)",
"t": "to, towards"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *kъ(n) (“to, towards”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *kʷuts (“to, towards”), cognate with Middle Welsh py (“to”). This may be from Proto-Italo-Celtic *kuts ‘some (of the) way’, whence Latin us-quam (“somewhere”), us-que (“all of the way”), and Oscan 𐌐𐌖𐌆 (puz, “as, that”, conjunction). See Proto-Indo-European *ku (“where”).\nThe inflected forms on the other hand are from Proto-Celtic *kʷunkʷe ← *kʷum + *-kʷe, for which compare Proto-Slavic *kъ(n) (“to, towards”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "g",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "cucum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cuccum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cucumsa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"emphatic",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cuccumsa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"emphatic",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cucut",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cuccut",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cucutsu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"emphatic",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cuccutsu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"emphatic",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cuci",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cucci",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cucai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cuccai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cucisom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"emphatic",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cuccisom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"emphatic",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cuice",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cuicce",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cuce",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cucce",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cucunn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cuccunn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cucuib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cuccuib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cucuibsi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"emphatic",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cuccuibsi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"emphatic",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cucu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cuccu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "preposition",
"3": "takes the accusative; triggers h-prothesis before vowels"
},
"expansion": "co (takes the accusative; triggers h-prothesis before vowels)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to, toward"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"toward",
"toward"
]
],
"tags": [
"before-vowel",
"triggers-h-prothesis"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"up to, until"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"up to",
"up to"
],
[
"until",
"until"
]
],
"tags": [
"before-vowel",
"triggers-h-prothesis"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"used with the neuter accusative singular of an adjective to form an adverb: -ly"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"-ly",
"-ly"
],
[
"D. A. Binchy",
"w:D. A. Binchy"
],
[
"Osborn Bergin",
"w:Osborn Bergin"
]
],
"tags": [
"before-vowel",
"triggers-h-prothesis"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ko]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme",
"Proto-Italo-Celtic"
],
"word": "co"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Irish accusative prepositions",
"Old Irish conjunctions",
"Old Irish dative prepositions",
"Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Irish lemmas",
"Old Irish prepositions",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
"Pages with 30 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "so that…not; corresponding to the nasalizing conjunction",
"word": "coní"
},
{
"english": "so that…not; corresponding to the leniting conjunction",
"word": "conna"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "go"
},
"expansion": "Irish: go",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Irish: go"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "gu"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic: gu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scottish Gaelic: gu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gv",
"2": "dy"
},
"expansion": "Manx: dy",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manx: dy"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "until"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*kʷuts",
"t": "to, towards"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *kʷuts (“to, towards”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "py",
"t": "to"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh py (“to”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "usquam",
"alt": "us-quam",
"t": "somewhere"
},
"expansion": "Latin us-quam (“somewhere”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": ",",
"name": ","
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osc",
"2": "𐌐𐌖𐌆",
"pos": "conjunction",
"t": "as, that"
},
"expansion": "Oscan 𐌐𐌖𐌆 (puz, “as, that”, conjunction)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*kʷ-",
"3": "*ku",
"t": "where"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ku (“where”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*kʷunkʷe"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *kʷunkʷe",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*-kʷe",
"alt1": "*kʷum",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "*kʷum + *-kʷe",
"name": "affix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*kъ(n)",
"t": "to, towards"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *kъ(n) (“to, towards”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *kʷuts (“to, towards”), cognate with Middle Welsh py (“to”). This may be from Proto-Italo-Celtic *kuts ‘some (of the) way’, whence Latin us-quam (“somewhere”), us-que (“all of the way”), and Oscan 𐌐𐌖𐌆 (puz, “as, that”, conjunction). See Proto-Indo-European *ku (“where”).\nThe inflected forms on the other hand are from Proto-Celtic *kʷunkʷe ← *kʷum + *-kʷe, for which compare Proto-Slavic *kъ(n) (“to, towards”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ɔ",
"head_nr": 1,
"tags": [
"abbreviation"
]
},
{
"form": "con",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "conjunction",
"3": "triggers nasalization",
"4": "",
"5": "followed by the prototonic or conjunct form of a verb",
"6": "",
"7": "may be followed by an infixed pronoun"
},
"expansion": "co (triggers nasalization, followed by the prototonic or conjunct form of a verb, may be followed by an infixed pronoun)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "conj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"until"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"until",
"until"
]
],
"tags": [
"triggers-mutation-nasal"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"so that"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"so that",
"so that"
]
],
"tags": [
"triggers-mutation-nasal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ko]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ara"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme",
"Proto-Italo-Celtic"
],
"word": "co"
}
Download raw JSONL data for co meaning in Old Irish (12.8kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: takes the dative",
"path": [
"co"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "preposition",
"title": "co",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "page/1713/20221215",
"msg": "later head without list of senses,template node #, co/Old Irish",
"path": [
"co"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "preposition",
"title": "co",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </div>",
"path": [
"co"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "preposition",
"title": "co",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Person:'",
"path": [
"co"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "preposition",
"title": "co",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'third m or n'",
"path": [
"co"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "preposition",
"title": "co",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'third m or n'",
"path": [
"co"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "preposition",
"title": "co",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'third f'",
"path": [
"co"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "preposition",
"title": "co",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'third f'",
"path": [
"co"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "preposition",
"title": "co",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: takes the accusative",
"path": [
"co"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "preposition",
"title": "co",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "page/1713/20221215",
"msg": "later head without list of senses,template node #, co/Old Irish",
"path": [
"co"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "preposition",
"title": "co",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </div>",
"path": [
"co"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "preposition",
"title": "co",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Person:'",
"path": [
"co"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "preposition",
"title": "co",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'third m or n'",
"path": [
"co"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "preposition",
"title": "co",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'third m or n'",
"path": [
"co"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "preposition",
"title": "co",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'third f'",
"path": [
"co"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "preposition",
"title": "co",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'third f'",
"path": [
"co"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "preposition",
"title": "co",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: followed by the prototonic or conjunct form of a verb",
"path": [
"co"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "conjunction",
"title": "co",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: may be followed by an infixed pronoun",
"path": [
"co"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "conjunction",
"title": "co",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "page/1713/20221215",
"msg": "later head without list of senses,template node #, co/Old Irish",
"path": [
"co"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "conjunction",
"title": "co",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old Irish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-21 using wiktextract (7c21d10 and f2e72e5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.