See cathair in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "citizen",
"word": "cathrar"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "cathair"
},
"expansion": "Irish: cathair",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Irish: cathair"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gv",
"2": "caayr"
},
"expansion": "Manx: caayr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manx: caayr"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "cathair"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic: cathair",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scottish Gaelic: cathair"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*katrixs",
"t": "fortification"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *katrixs (“fortification”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hēaþor",
"t": "enclosure, prison"
},
"expansion": "Old English hēaþor (“enclosure, prison”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "kȍtar",
"t": "administrative unit, province"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian kȍtar (“administrative unit, province”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "qfa-sub",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "substrate",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kat-",
"4": "",
"5": "to link or weave together; chain, net"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kat- (“to link or weave together; chain, net”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "casa"
},
"expansion": "Latin casa",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *katrixs (“fortification”), an unusual formation; possibly cognate with Old English hēaþor (“enclosure, prison”) or Serbo-Croatian kȍtar (“administrative unit, province”), and the a-vocalism suggests that all three could have been borrowed from a non-Indo-European substrate. Pokorny instead derives it from Proto-Indo-European *kat- (“to link or weave together; chain, net”), with Latin casa as another possible cognate.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cathrach",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "cathraig",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-decl-k&g",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "cathair",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cathraig",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "cathraig",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cathair",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cathraig",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cathracha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cathraig",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cathraig",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "cathracha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cathrach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cathrach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "cathrach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cathraig",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "caithir",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cathrachaib",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "cathrachaib",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cathair",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "chathair",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "cathair",
"source": "mutation"
},
{
"form": "caithir",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "cathir",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "nominative plural",
"14": "cathraig",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{pl2}}}",
"17": "",
"18": "{{{pl3}}}",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "genitive",
"6": "cathrach",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "cathair f (genitive cathrach, nominative plural cathraig)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "cathrach",
"3": "cathraig"
},
"expansion": "cathair f (genitive cathrach, nominative plural cathraig)",
"name": "sga-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "k",
"2": "cathraig",
"3": "cathrach",
"dat_sg2": "caithir",
"g": "f"
},
"name": "sga-decl-k&g"
},
{
"args": {
"acc_du": "cathraig+L",
"acc_du2": "",
"acc_du3": "",
"acc_pl": "cathracha",
"acc_pl2": "",
"acc_pl3": "",
"acc_sg": "cathraig+N",
"acc_sg2": "",
"acc_sg3": "",
"class": "k-f",
"dat_du": "cathrachaib",
"dat_du2": "",
"dat_du3": "",
"dat_pl": "cathrachaib",
"dat_pl2": "",
"dat_pl3": "",
"dat_sg": "cathraig+L",
"dat_sg2": "caithir",
"dat_sg3": "",
"gen_du": "cathrach",
"gen_du2": "",
"gen_du3": "",
"gen_pl": "cathrach+N",
"gen_pl2": "",
"gen_pl3": "",
"gen_sg": "cathrach",
"gen_sg2": "",
"gen_sg3": "",
"n": "",
"nom_du": "cathraig+L",
"nom_du2": "",
"nom_du3": "",
"nom_pl": "cathraig",
"nom_pl2": "",
"nom_pl3": "",
"nom_sg": "cathair",
"nom_sg2": "",
"nom_sg3": "",
"voc_du": "cathraig+L",
"voc_du2": "",
"voc_du3": "",
"voc_pl": "cathracha",
"voc_pl2": "",
"voc_pl3": "",
"voc_sg": "cathair",
"voc_sg2": "",
"voc_sg3": ""
},
"name": "sga-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "46 50 4",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "sga",
"name": "Buildings",
"orig": "sga:Buildings",
"parents": [
"Buildings and structures",
"Architecture",
"Applied sciences",
"Art",
"Sciences",
"Culture",
"All topics",
"Society",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"stone enclosure, fortress, castle; dwelling"
],
"id": "en-cathair-sga-noun-gQMGXD6M",
"links": [
[
"enclosure",
"enclosure"
],
[
"fortress",
"fortress"
],
[
"castle",
"castle"
],
[
"dwelling",
"dwelling"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "28 51 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 50 4",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "sga",
"name": "Buildings",
"orig": "sga:Buildings",
"parents": [
"Buildings and structures",
"Architecture",
"Applied sciences",
"Art",
"Sciences",
"Culture",
"All topics",
"Society",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 78 4",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "sga",
"name": "Monasticism",
"orig": "sga:Monasticism",
"parents": [
"Religion",
"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "She was not harsh to guests: gentle was she to the wretched sick:\non a plain she built a convent: may it protect hosts into the Kingdom!",
"ref": "c. 800, Broccán’s Hymn, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. II, p. 328, ll. 9–10",
"roman": "for maig arutacht cathir dollaid rosnāde slúagu.",
"text": "Nī bo fri óigthea acher cāinbói fri lobru trúagu:",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"monastic settlement, enclosure; monastery, convent"
],
"id": "en-cathair-sga-noun-fvkeaqiY",
"links": [
[
"monastic",
"monastic"
],
[
"settlement",
"settlement"
],
[
"enclosure",
"enclosure"
],
[
"monastery",
"monastery"
],
[
"convent",
"convent"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 33 60",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "sga",
"name": "Cities",
"orig": "sga:Cities",
"parents": [
"Polities",
"Places",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "this appearance, then, is manifested to the five hundred […] that was in the city at that time",
"text": "(do·adb)adar in taidbsiu hi siu tra do(naib) coic cetaib […] ro·bói isin chaithir isind aimsir sin",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "As Mount Sion is located on the south and the north of the city to protect it, so are our two sides there to protect our insides.",
"text": "Amal rund·gab slíab Sión andes ⁊ antúaid du⟨n⟩ chath⟨raig⟩ dïa dítin, sic rund·gabsat ar ṅdá thoíb du dítin ar n-inmedónach-ni.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"fortified city, city"
],
"id": "en-cathair-sga-noun-O41YjJSA",
"links": [
[
"fortified",
"fortified"
],
[
"city",
"city"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkaθərʲ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkaθɨrʲ]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "cathair"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Irish feminine nouns",
"Old Irish k-stem nouns",
"Old Irish lemmas",
"Old Irish nouns",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Irish terms derived from substrate languages",
"Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"gd-noun 2",
"gd:Brassicas",
"gd:Chairs",
"gd:Cities",
"gd:Vegetables",
"sga:Buildings",
"sga:Cities",
"sga:Monasticism"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "citizen",
"word": "cathrar"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "cathair"
},
"expansion": "Irish: cathair",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Irish: cathair"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gv",
"2": "caayr"
},
"expansion": "Manx: caayr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manx: caayr"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "cathair"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic: cathair",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scottish Gaelic: cathair"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*katrixs",
"t": "fortification"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *katrixs (“fortification”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hēaþor",
"t": "enclosure, prison"
},
"expansion": "Old English hēaþor (“enclosure, prison”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "kȍtar",
"t": "administrative unit, province"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian kȍtar (“administrative unit, province”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "qfa-sub",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "substrate",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kat-",
"4": "",
"5": "to link or weave together; chain, net"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kat- (“to link or weave together; chain, net”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "casa"
},
"expansion": "Latin casa",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *katrixs (“fortification”), an unusual formation; possibly cognate with Old English hēaþor (“enclosure, prison”) or Serbo-Croatian kȍtar (“administrative unit, province”), and the a-vocalism suggests that all three could have been borrowed from a non-Indo-European substrate. Pokorny instead derives it from Proto-Indo-European *kat- (“to link or weave together; chain, net”), with Latin casa as another possible cognate.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cathrach",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "cathraig",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-decl-k&g",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "cathair",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cathraig",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "cathraig",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cathair",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cathraig",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cathracha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cathraig",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cathraig",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "cathracha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cathrach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cathrach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "cathrach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cathraig",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "caithir",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cathrachaib",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "cathrachaib",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cathair",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "chathair",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "cathair",
"source": "mutation"
},
{
"form": "caithir",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "cathir",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "nominative plural",
"14": "cathraig",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{pl2}}}",
"17": "",
"18": "{{{pl3}}}",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "genitive",
"6": "cathrach",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "cathair f (genitive cathrach, nominative plural cathraig)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "cathrach",
"3": "cathraig"
},
"expansion": "cathair f (genitive cathrach, nominative plural cathraig)",
"name": "sga-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "k",
"2": "cathraig",
"3": "cathrach",
"dat_sg2": "caithir",
"g": "f"
},
"name": "sga-decl-k&g"
},
{
"args": {
"acc_du": "cathraig+L",
"acc_du2": "",
"acc_du3": "",
"acc_pl": "cathracha",
"acc_pl2": "",
"acc_pl3": "",
"acc_sg": "cathraig+N",
"acc_sg2": "",
"acc_sg3": "",
"class": "k-f",
"dat_du": "cathrachaib",
"dat_du2": "",
"dat_du3": "",
"dat_pl": "cathrachaib",
"dat_pl2": "",
"dat_pl3": "",
"dat_sg": "cathraig+L",
"dat_sg2": "caithir",
"dat_sg3": "",
"gen_du": "cathrach",
"gen_du2": "",
"gen_du3": "",
"gen_pl": "cathrach+N",
"gen_pl2": "",
"gen_pl3": "",
"gen_sg": "cathrach",
"gen_sg2": "",
"gen_sg3": "",
"n": "",
"nom_du": "cathraig+L",
"nom_du2": "",
"nom_du3": "",
"nom_pl": "cathraig",
"nom_pl2": "",
"nom_pl3": "",
"nom_sg": "cathair",
"nom_sg2": "",
"nom_sg3": "",
"voc_du": "cathraig+L",
"voc_du2": "",
"voc_du3": "",
"voc_pl": "cathracha",
"voc_pl2": "",
"voc_pl3": "",
"voc_sg": "cathair",
"voc_sg2": "",
"voc_sg3": ""
},
"name": "sga-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"stone enclosure, fortress, castle; dwelling"
],
"links": [
[
"enclosure",
"enclosure"
],
[
"fortress",
"fortress"
],
[
"castle",
"castle"
],
[
"dwelling",
"dwelling"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old Irish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "She was not harsh to guests: gentle was she to the wretched sick:\non a plain she built a convent: may it protect hosts into the Kingdom!",
"ref": "c. 800, Broccán’s Hymn, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. II, p. 328, ll. 9–10",
"roman": "for maig arutacht cathir dollaid rosnāde slúagu.",
"text": "Nī bo fri óigthea acher cāinbói fri lobru trúagu:",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"monastic settlement, enclosure; monastery, convent"
],
"links": [
[
"monastic",
"monastic"
],
[
"settlement",
"settlement"
],
[
"enclosure",
"enclosure"
],
[
"monastery",
"monastery"
],
[
"convent",
"convent"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old Irish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "this appearance, then, is manifested to the five hundred […] that was in the city at that time",
"text": "(do·adb)adar in taidbsiu hi siu tra do(naib) coic cetaib […] ro·bói isin chaithir isind aimsir sin",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "As Mount Sion is located on the south and the north of the city to protect it, so are our two sides there to protect our insides.",
"text": "Amal rund·gab slíab Sión andes ⁊ antúaid du⟨n⟩ chath⟨raig⟩ dïa dítin, sic rund·gabsat ar ṅdá thoíb du dítin ar n-inmedónach-ni.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"fortified city, city"
],
"links": [
[
"fortified",
"fortified"
],
[
"city",
"city"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkaθərʲ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkaθɨrʲ]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "cathair"
}
Download raw JSONL data for cathair meaning in Old Irish (7.7kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: cathair/Old Irish 'radical' base_tags=set()",
"path": [
"cathair"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "cathair",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'lenition'",
"path": [
"cathair"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "cathair",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'nasalization'",
"path": [
"cathair"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "cathair",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/1826",
"msg": "inflection table: empty tags for cathair",
"path": [
"cathair"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "cathair",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old Irish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-30 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-21 using wiktextract (fef8596 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.