"cúl" meaning in Old Irish

See cúl in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /kuːl/
Etymology: From Proto-Celtic *kūlos, from Proto-Indo-European *kuH-l-, from *(s)kewH- (“to cover”). Cognate with Welsh cil and Latin cūlus. Etymology templates: {{inh|sga|cel-pro|*kūlos}} Proto-Celtic *kūlos, {{der|sga|ine-pro|*kuH-l-}} Proto-Indo-European *kuH-l-, {{cog|cy|cil}} Welsh cil, {{cog|la|cūlus}} Latin cūlus Head templates: {{head|sga|noun|||genitive|cúil|||||||nominative plural|cúil||{{{pl2}}}||{{{pl3}}}|cat2=|g=m|g2=|g3=|head=|sort=}} cúl m (genitive cúil, nominative plural cúil), {{sga-noun|m|cúil|cúil}} cúl m (genitive cúil, nominative plural cúil) Inflection templates: {{sga-decl-o-masc|cúil}}, {{sga-decl-noun|acc_du=cúl+L|acc_du2=|acc_du3=|acc_pl=cúlu+H|acc_pl2=|acc_pl3=|acc_sg=cúl+N|acc_sg2=|acc_sg3=|class=o-m|dat_du=cúlaib|dat_du2=|dat_du3=|dat_pl=cúlaib|dat_pl2=|dat_pl3=|dat_sg=cúl+L|dat_sg2=|dat_sg3=|gen_du=cúl|gen_du2=|gen_du3=|gen_pl=cúl+N|gen_pl2=|gen_pl3=|gen_pl4=|gen_sg=cúil+L|gen_sg2=|gen_sg3=|n=|nom_du=cúl+L|nom_du2=|nom_du3=|nom_pl=cúil+L|nom_pl2=|nom_pl3=|nom_sg=cúl|nom_sg2=|nom_sg3=|voc_du=cúl+L|voc_du2=|voc_du3=|voc_pl=cúlu+H|voc_pl2=|voc_pl3=|voc_sg=cúil|voc_sg2=|voc_sg3=}} Forms: cúil [genitive], cúil [nominative, plural], no-table-tags [table-tags], cúl [masculine, nominative, singular, stem], cúl [dual, masculine, nominative, stem], cúil [masculine, nominative, plural, stem], cúil [masculine, singular, stem, vocative], cúl [dual, masculine, stem, vocative], cúlu [masculine, plural, stem, vocative], cúl [accusative, masculine, singular, stem], cúl [accusative, dual, masculine, stem], cúlu [accusative, masculine, plural, stem], cúil [genitive, masculine, singular, stem], cúl [dual, genitive, masculine, stem], cúl [genitive, masculine, plural, stem], cúl [dative, masculine, singular, stem], cúlaib [dative, dual, masculine, stem], cúlaib [dative, masculine, plural, stem], no-table-tags [table-tags], cúl [error-unrecognized-form], chúl [error-unrecognized-form], cúl
  1. back Tags: masculine
    Sense id: en-cúl-sga-noun-PEgjRvN1
  2. rear Tags: masculine
    Sense id: en-cúl-sga-noun-MrNq5Dpe
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: íarcúl

Inflected forms

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "íarcúl"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ga",
            "2": "cúl"
          },
          "expansion": "Irish: cúl",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Irish: cúl"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gv",
            "2": "cooyl"
          },
          "expansion": "Manx: cooyl",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Manx: cooyl"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gd",
            "2": "cùl"
          },
          "expansion": "Scottish Gaelic: cùl",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scottish Gaelic: cùl"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*kūlos"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *kūlos",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*kuH-l-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kuH-l-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "cil"
      },
      "expansion": "Welsh cil",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "cūlus"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin cūlus",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *kūlos, from Proto-Indo-European *kuH-l-, from *(s)kewH- (“to cover”). Cognate with Welsh cil and Latin cūlus.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "cúil",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cúil",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sga-decl-o-masc",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cúl",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cúl",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cúil",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cúil",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "stem",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cúl",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "stem",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cúlu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "stem",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cúl",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cúl",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cúlu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cúil",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cúl",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cúl",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cúl",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cúlaib",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cúlaib",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cúl",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chúl",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cúl",
      "source": "mutation"
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "10": "",
        "11": "",
        "12": "",
        "13": "nominative plural",
        "14": "cúil",
        "15": "",
        "16": "{{{pl2}}}",
        "17": "",
        "18": "{{{pl3}}}",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "genitive",
        "6": "cúil",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "9": "",
        "cat2": "",
        "g": "m",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "cúl m (genitive cúil, nominative plural cúil)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m",
        "2": "cúil",
        "3": "cúil"
      },
      "expansion": "cúl m (genitive cúil, nominative plural cúil)",
      "name": "sga-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cúil"
      },
      "name": "sga-decl-o-masc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "acc_du": "cúl+L",
        "acc_du2": "",
        "acc_du3": "",
        "acc_pl": "cúlu+H",
        "acc_pl2": "",
        "acc_pl3": "",
        "acc_sg": "cúl+N",
        "acc_sg2": "",
        "acc_sg3": "",
        "class": "o-m",
        "dat_du": "cúlaib",
        "dat_du2": "",
        "dat_du3": "",
        "dat_pl": "cúlaib",
        "dat_pl2": "",
        "dat_pl3": "",
        "dat_sg": "cúl+L",
        "dat_sg2": "",
        "dat_sg3": "",
        "gen_du": "cúl",
        "gen_du2": "",
        "gen_du3": "",
        "gen_pl": "cúl+N",
        "gen_pl2": "",
        "gen_pl3": "",
        "gen_pl4": "",
        "gen_sg": "cúil+L",
        "gen_sg2": "",
        "gen_sg3": "",
        "n": "",
        "nom_du": "cúl+L",
        "nom_du2": "",
        "nom_du3": "",
        "nom_pl": "cúil+L",
        "nom_pl2": "",
        "nom_pl3": "",
        "nom_sg": "cúl",
        "nom_sg2": "",
        "nom_sg3": "",
        "voc_du": "cúl+L",
        "voc_du2": "",
        "voc_du3": "",
        "voc_pl": "cúlu+H",
        "voc_pl2": "",
        "voc_pl3": "",
        "voc_sg": "cúil",
        "voc_sg2": "",
        "voc_sg3": ""
      },
      "name": "sga-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Irish",
  "lang_code": "sga",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "back"
      ],
      "id": "en-cúl-sga-noun-PEgjRvN1",
      "links": [
        [
          "back",
          "back"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "rear"
      ],
      "id": "en-cúl-sga-noun-MrNq5Dpe",
      "links": [
        [
          "rear",
          "rear"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/kuːl/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "cúl"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old Irish lemmas",
    "Old Irish masculine nouns",
    "Old Irish masculine o-stem nouns",
    "Old Irish nouns",
    "Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
    "Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "íarcúl"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ga",
            "2": "cúl"
          },
          "expansion": "Irish: cúl",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Irish: cúl"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gv",
            "2": "cooyl"
          },
          "expansion": "Manx: cooyl",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Manx: cooyl"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gd",
            "2": "cùl"
          },
          "expansion": "Scottish Gaelic: cùl",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scottish Gaelic: cùl"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*kūlos"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *kūlos",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*kuH-l-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kuH-l-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "cil"
      },
      "expansion": "Welsh cil",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "cūlus"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin cūlus",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *kūlos, from Proto-Indo-European *kuH-l-, from *(s)kewH- (“to cover”). Cognate with Welsh cil and Latin cūlus.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "cúil",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cúil",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sga-decl-o-masc",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cúl",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cúl",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cúil",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cúil",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "stem",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cúl",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "stem",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cúlu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "stem",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cúl",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cúl",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cúlu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cúil",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cúl",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cúl",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cúl",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cúlaib",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cúlaib",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cúl",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chúl",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cúl",
      "source": "mutation"
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "10": "",
        "11": "",
        "12": "",
        "13": "nominative plural",
        "14": "cúil",
        "15": "",
        "16": "{{{pl2}}}",
        "17": "",
        "18": "{{{pl3}}}",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "genitive",
        "6": "cúil",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "9": "",
        "cat2": "",
        "g": "m",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "cúl m (genitive cúil, nominative plural cúil)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m",
        "2": "cúil",
        "3": "cúil"
      },
      "expansion": "cúl m (genitive cúil, nominative plural cúil)",
      "name": "sga-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cúil"
      },
      "name": "sga-decl-o-masc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "acc_du": "cúl+L",
        "acc_du2": "",
        "acc_du3": "",
        "acc_pl": "cúlu+H",
        "acc_pl2": "",
        "acc_pl3": "",
        "acc_sg": "cúl+N",
        "acc_sg2": "",
        "acc_sg3": "",
        "class": "o-m",
        "dat_du": "cúlaib",
        "dat_du2": "",
        "dat_du3": "",
        "dat_pl": "cúlaib",
        "dat_pl2": "",
        "dat_pl3": "",
        "dat_sg": "cúl+L",
        "dat_sg2": "",
        "dat_sg3": "",
        "gen_du": "cúl",
        "gen_du2": "",
        "gen_du3": "",
        "gen_pl": "cúl+N",
        "gen_pl2": "",
        "gen_pl3": "",
        "gen_pl4": "",
        "gen_sg": "cúil+L",
        "gen_sg2": "",
        "gen_sg3": "",
        "n": "",
        "nom_du": "cúl+L",
        "nom_du2": "",
        "nom_du3": "",
        "nom_pl": "cúil+L",
        "nom_pl2": "",
        "nom_pl3": "",
        "nom_sg": "cúl",
        "nom_sg2": "",
        "nom_sg3": "",
        "voc_du": "cúl+L",
        "voc_du2": "",
        "voc_du3": "",
        "voc_pl": "cúlu+H",
        "voc_pl2": "",
        "voc_pl3": "",
        "voc_sg": "cúil",
        "voc_sg2": "",
        "voc_sg3": ""
      },
      "name": "sga-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Irish",
  "lang_code": "sga",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "back"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "back",
          "back"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "rear"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "rear",
          "rear"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/kuːl/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "cúl"
}

Download raw JSONL data for cúl meaning in Old Irish (5.0kB)

{
  "called_from": "inflection/2466",
  "msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Old Irish]; cleaned text: Initial mutations of a following adjective: *ᴴ = triggers aspiration *ᴸ = triggers lenition *ᴺ = triggers nasalization",
  "path": [
    "cúl"
  ],
  "section": "Old Irish",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "cúl",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/865",
  "msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: cúl/Old Irish 'radical' base_tags=set()",
  "path": [
    "cúl"
  ],
  "section": "Old Irish",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "cúl",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'lenition'",
  "path": [
    "cúl"
  ],
  "section": "Old Irish",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "cúl",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'nasalization'",
  "path": [
    "cúl"
  ],
  "section": "Old Irish",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "cúl",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/1826",
  "msg": "inflection table: empty tags for cúl",
  "path": [
    "cúl"
  ],
  "section": "Old Irish",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "cúl",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old Irish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.