"cúan" meaning in Old Irish

See cúan in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /kuːa̯n/
Etymology: From Proto-Celtic *kounā, related to cú (“dog”). Attempts to relate to Proto-Slavic *kupъ (“heap”), Lithuanian kaupas (“heap”), and Proto-Germanic *haupaz have been made, but the semantics are difficult to reconcile. Etymology templates: {{inh|sga|cel-pro|*kounā}} Proto-Celtic *kounā, {{cog|sla-pro|*kupъ|t=heap}} Proto-Slavic *kupъ (“heap”), {{cog|lt|kaupas|t=heap}} Lithuanian kaupas (“heap”), {{cog|gem-pro|*haupaz}} Proto-Germanic *haupaz Head templates: {{head|sga|noun||||{{{2}}}||||||||{{{3}}}||{{{pl2}}}||{{{pl3}}}|cat2=|g=f|g2=|g3=|head=|sort=}} cúan f, {{sga-noun|f}} cúan f Inflection templates: {{sga-decl-a-fem|cúain}}, {{sga-decl-noun|acc_du=cúain+L|acc_du2=|acc_du3=|acc_pl=cúana+H|acc_pl2=|acc_pl3=|acc_sg=cúain+N|acc_sg2=|acc_sg3=|class=ā-f|dat_du=cúanaib|dat_du2=|dat_du3=|dat_pl=cúanaib|dat_pl2=|dat_pl3=|dat_sg=cúain+L|dat_sg2=|dat_sg3=|gen_du=cúan+L|gen_du2=|gen_du3=|gen_pl=cúan+N|gen_pl2=|gen_pl3=|gen_sg=cúaine+H|gen_sg2=|gen_sg3=|n=|nom_du=cúain+L|nom_du2=|nom_du3=|nom_pl=cúana+H|nom_pl2=|nom_pl3=|nom_sg=cúan+L|nom_sg2=|nom_sg3=|voc_du=cúain+L|voc_du2=|voc_du3=|voc_pl=cúana+H|voc_pl2=|voc_pl3=|voc_sg=cúan+L|voc_sg2=|voc_sg3=}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], cúan [nominative, singular], cúain [dual, nominative], cúana [nominative, plural], cúan [singular, vocative], cúain [dual, vocative], cúana [plural, vocative], cúain [accusative, singular], cúain [accusative, dual], cúana [accusative, plural], cúaine [genitive, singular], cúan [dual, genitive], cúan [genitive, plural], cúain [dative, singular], cúanaib [dative, dual], cúanaib [dative, plural], no-table-tags [table-tags], cúan [error-unrecognized-form], chúan [error-unrecognized-form], cúan
  1. litter Tags: feminine
    Sense id: en-cúan-sga-noun-~0pB9qpi Categories (other): Dogs Disambiguation of Dogs: 25 25 25 25
  2. pack Tags: feminine
    Sense id: en-cúan-sga-noun-SGL0R~LH Categories (other): Dogs Disambiguation of Dogs: 25 25 25 25
  3. band Tags: feminine
    Sense id: en-cúan-sga-noun-ZfFc6P7i Categories (other): Dogs Disambiguation of Dogs: 25 25 25 25
  4. family Tags: feminine
    Sense id: en-cúan-sga-noun-00pWmreq Categories (other): Dogs Disambiguation of Dogs: 25 25 25 25
     
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mga",
            "2": "cúan"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Irish: cúan",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Irish: cúan"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*kounā"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *kounā",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*kupъ",
        "t": "heap"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *kupъ (“heap”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "kaupas",
        "t": "heap"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian kaupas (“heap”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*haupaz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *haupaz",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *kounā, related to cú (“dog”).\nAttempts to relate to Proto-Slavic *kupъ (“heap”), Lithuanian kaupas (“heap”), and Proto-Germanic *haupaz have been made, but the semantics are difficult to reconcile.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sga-decl-a-fem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cúan",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cúain",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cúana",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cúan",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cúain",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cúana",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cúain",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cúain",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cúana",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cúaine",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cúan",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cúan",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cúain",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cúanaib",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cúanaib",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cúan",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chúan",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cúan",
      "source": "mutation"
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "10": "",
        "11": "",
        "12": "",
        "13": "",
        "14": "{{{3}}}",
        "15": "",
        "16": "{{{pl2}}}",
        "17": "",
        "18": "{{{pl3}}}",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "{{{2}}}",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "9": "",
        "cat2": "",
        "g": "f",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "cúan f",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f"
      },
      "expansion": "cúan f",
      "name": "sga-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cúain"
      },
      "name": "sga-decl-a-fem"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "acc_du": "cúain+L",
        "acc_du2": "",
        "acc_du3": "",
        "acc_pl": "cúana+H",
        "acc_pl2": "",
        "acc_pl3": "",
        "acc_sg": "cúain+N",
        "acc_sg2": "",
        "acc_sg3": "",
        "class": "ā-f",
        "dat_du": "cúanaib",
        "dat_du2": "",
        "dat_du3": "",
        "dat_pl": "cúanaib",
        "dat_pl2": "",
        "dat_pl3": "",
        "dat_sg": "cúain+L",
        "dat_sg2": "",
        "dat_sg3": "",
        "gen_du": "cúan+L",
        "gen_du2": "",
        "gen_du3": "",
        "gen_pl": "cúan+N",
        "gen_pl2": "",
        "gen_pl3": "",
        "gen_sg": "cúaine+H",
        "gen_sg2": "",
        "gen_sg3": "",
        "n": "",
        "nom_du": "cúain+L",
        "nom_du2": "",
        "nom_du3": "",
        "nom_pl": "cúana+H",
        "nom_pl2": "",
        "nom_pl3": "",
        "nom_sg": "cúan+L",
        "nom_sg2": "",
        "nom_sg3": "",
        "voc_du": "cúain+L",
        "voc_du2": "",
        "voc_du3": "",
        "voc_pl": "cúana+H",
        "voc_pl2": "",
        "voc_pl3": "",
        "voc_sg": "cúan+L",
        "voc_sg2": "",
        "voc_sg3": ""
      },
      "name": "sga-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Irish",
  "lang_code": "sga",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "25 25 25 25",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "sga",
          "name": "Dogs",
          "orig": "sga:Dogs",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "litter"
      ],
      "id": "en-cúan-sga-noun-~0pB9qpi",
      "links": [
        [
          "litter",
          "litter"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "25 25 25 25",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "sga",
          "name": "Dogs",
          "orig": "sga:Dogs",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "pack"
      ],
      "id": "en-cúan-sga-noun-SGL0R~LH",
      "links": [
        [
          "pack",
          "pack"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "25 25 25 25",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "sga",
          "name": "Dogs",
          "orig": "sga:Dogs",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "band"
      ],
      "id": "en-cúan-sga-noun-ZfFc6P7i",
      "links": [
        [
          "band",
          "band"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "25 25 25 25",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "sga",
          "name": "Dogs",
          "orig": "sga:Dogs",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "family"
      ],
      "id": "en-cúan-sga-noun-00pWmreq",
      "links": [
        [
          "family",
          "family"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/kuːa̯n/"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Brill Publishers"
  ],
  "word": "cúan"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old Irish feminine nouns",
    "Old Irish lemmas",
    "Old Irish nouns",
    "Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
    "Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
    "Old Irish ā-stem nouns",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "sga:Dogs"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mga",
            "2": "cúan"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Irish: cúan",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Irish: cúan"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*kounā"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *kounā",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*kupъ",
        "t": "heap"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *kupъ (“heap”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "kaupas",
        "t": "heap"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian kaupas (“heap”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*haupaz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *haupaz",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *kounā, related to cú (“dog”).\nAttempts to relate to Proto-Slavic *kupъ (“heap”), Lithuanian kaupas (“heap”), and Proto-Germanic *haupaz have been made, but the semantics are difficult to reconcile.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sga-decl-a-fem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cúan",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cúain",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cúana",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cúan",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cúain",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cúana",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cúain",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cúain",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cúana",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cúaine",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cúan",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cúan",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cúain",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cúanaib",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cúanaib",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cúan",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chúan",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cúan",
      "source": "mutation"
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "10": "",
        "11": "",
        "12": "",
        "13": "",
        "14": "{{{3}}}",
        "15": "",
        "16": "{{{pl2}}}",
        "17": "",
        "18": "{{{pl3}}}",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "{{{2}}}",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "9": "",
        "cat2": "",
        "g": "f",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "cúan f",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f"
      },
      "expansion": "cúan f",
      "name": "sga-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cúain"
      },
      "name": "sga-decl-a-fem"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "acc_du": "cúain+L",
        "acc_du2": "",
        "acc_du3": "",
        "acc_pl": "cúana+H",
        "acc_pl2": "",
        "acc_pl3": "",
        "acc_sg": "cúain+N",
        "acc_sg2": "",
        "acc_sg3": "",
        "class": "ā-f",
        "dat_du": "cúanaib",
        "dat_du2": "",
        "dat_du3": "",
        "dat_pl": "cúanaib",
        "dat_pl2": "",
        "dat_pl3": "",
        "dat_sg": "cúain+L",
        "dat_sg2": "",
        "dat_sg3": "",
        "gen_du": "cúan+L",
        "gen_du2": "",
        "gen_du3": "",
        "gen_pl": "cúan+N",
        "gen_pl2": "",
        "gen_pl3": "",
        "gen_sg": "cúaine+H",
        "gen_sg2": "",
        "gen_sg3": "",
        "n": "",
        "nom_du": "cúain+L",
        "nom_du2": "",
        "nom_du3": "",
        "nom_pl": "cúana+H",
        "nom_pl2": "",
        "nom_pl3": "",
        "nom_sg": "cúan+L",
        "nom_sg2": "",
        "nom_sg3": "",
        "voc_du": "cúain+L",
        "voc_du2": "",
        "voc_du3": "",
        "voc_pl": "cúana+H",
        "voc_pl2": "",
        "voc_pl3": "",
        "voc_sg": "cúan+L",
        "voc_sg2": "",
        "voc_sg3": ""
      },
      "name": "sga-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Irish",
  "lang_code": "sga",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "litter"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "litter",
          "litter"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "pack"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "pack",
          "pack"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "band"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "band",
          "band"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "family"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "family",
          "family"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/kuːa̯n/"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Brill Publishers"
  ],
  "word": "cúan"
}

Download raw JSONL data for cúan meaning in Old Irish (4.5kB)

{
  "called_from": "inflection/865",
  "msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: cúan/Old Irish 'radical' base_tags=set()",
  "path": [
    "cúan"
  ],
  "section": "Old Irish",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "cúan",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'lenition'",
  "path": [
    "cúan"
  ],
  "section": "Old Irish",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "cúan",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'nasalization'",
  "path": [
    "cúan"
  ],
  "section": "Old Irish",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "cúan",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/1826",
  "msg": "inflection table: empty tags for cúan",
  "path": [
    "cúan"
  ],
  "section": "Old Irish",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "cúan",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old Irish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-24 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-20 using wiktextract (074e7de and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.